History of the city of Reinbek

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The history of the city of Reinbek can be roughly divided into four periods. The first section extends from prehistoric times to the early 13th century . The second is defined by the seat of the monastery (from around 1226 to 1534) and the third by the castle as the official seat (1572–1867). The last section (from 1846) is the time of Reinbek as a suburb of Hamburg and extends to the present.

The Reinbeck area until the 13th century

Thousands of years ago people settled in the area of ​​today's urban area. This is evidenced by finds of Stone Age tools and numerous barrows that have survived to this day . For a long time, the area consisted of scattered settlements that gradually developed into smaller villages.

With the conquest of the North Elbe areas by Charlemagne (around 800), the area became part of the Franconian Empire . With the Treaty of Verdun (843), the area fell to Eastern Franconia and the later Holy Roman Empire (from 962) (for more information on the history of the area, see the Stormarn district ).

Reinbek Monastery (1226–1534)

The first documentary mentions of the districts of Schönningstedt (1224), Ohe and Hinschendorf (1238) (still existing by name ) go back to land donations to a chapel in Hoibek (today in the Sachsenwaldau district ). As confirmed by the Archbishop of Bremen in 1226, the Reinbek Monastery emerged from that chapel . The donation from 1238 also included a grain water mill on the mill pond named after it. The seat of the monastery was initially moved to the village of Köthel on the upper course of the Bille in 1240 . In the course of the donation of the rest of Hinschendorf (1251), however, it was decided to build new monastery buildings directly on the mill pond. The new monastery, consecrated to Maria Magdalena , was now in the district of Hinschendorf, but the name was retained despite the relocation. At times more than 60 nuns lived in the monastery according to the rules of the Cistercian order .

About three hundred years after its founding, the Reinbek monastery was dissolved in the course of the Reformation - as one of the first in the country - and sold to King Friedrich I of Denmark on April 7, 1529 for the price of 12,000 marks. The former monastery was now the southernmost border town of the Danish kingdom . Back then, the Bille marked the border with the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg . The history of the monastery ends with its destruction on May 15, 1534 during acts of war between Lübeck and Denmark (see Count feud ).

The "Reinbeck" castle as the official residence (1572–1867)

"Reinbeck" on the Vahrendorf map, taken from 1789 to 1796
The Reinbek Castle

Almost four decades later - around 1572 - Duke Adolf I of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , the heir to the monastery property, decided to build a castle on the former site (see also Reinbek Castle ). The three-winged building in the Renaissance style was intended more for representation and less for the residence of the sovereigns. The castle was used temporarily as an administrative and court seat as well as a residence for the officials. In 1599, Bailiff Vahrendorf decided to lay down the fifteen Hinschendorf estates and to relocate the residents to neighboring villages. All that remained in the place were the administrative offices with agricultural works, the grain water mill, a bakery, a brewery and a few apartments for the staff. At the turn of the century there were only a jug house and a smithy outside the palace area.

The development of the place started again in 1772, when a few farms and at today's Täbyplatz the Hinschendorf estate emerged and new workers and craftsmen settled there. During this time the house owners also changed: In 1773 the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf was replaced by the King of Denmark , who was also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein at the same time . The Reinbek office was now Danish.

In 1867, when Schleswig-Holstein fell to Prussia as a result of the German-Danish War (1864) and rural districts were introduced into the region , the Reinbek office ceased to exist. For a few years the first district administrator of the Stormarn district ( Wilhelm von Levetzau ) had his seat in Reinbeck Castle, until it was moved to Wandsbek in 1873 . The building was then sold and used as a hotel in the following years.

Reinbek as a suburb of Hamburg (from 1846)

The Sophienbad in Reinbek (today district court)

The railway line between Hamburg and Berlin , built in 1846, gave a major impetus to urban development and has meanwhile turned Reinbek into a recreation and villa suburb. Citizens from the nearby Hanseatic city built villas in Reinbek or discovered the place, which at that time had no more than 300 inhabitants, as a place for excursions (sometimes even special trains ran on Sundays). Reinbek was temporarily also a health resort thanks to the Sophienbad cold water sanatorium . At that time, in a house that Adolf Schramm donated to a Catholic charity, a rest and nursing home was built, from which the St. Adolf-Stift Hospital grew.

Although once the seat of a monastery, Reinbek did not have its own church, but was part of the Steinbek parish for a long time . It was not until 1894 that it became an independent Evangelical Lutheran parish, and it was not until 1901 that the neo-Gothic Maria Magdalenen Church was built as the first church. The Catholic community was founded in 1908.

At the end of the Second World War , Germany was gradually occupied. On May 3, 1945 British troops also occupied Reinbek, the neighboring Glinde and the last part of the still unoccupied Stormarn . In addition, the occupation of Hamburg , which had previously been agreed in the Villa Möllering near Lüneburg , began in the afternoon of the day . A day later, Hans-Georg von Friedeburg also signed the surrender of all German troops in northwest Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark on behalf of the last Reich President Karl Dönitz , who had previously left for Flensburg - Mürwik with the last Reich government . The unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht followed on May 8, 1945. At the end of the war, the population increased due to bombed-out Hamburg citizens and refugees who had arrived. The Catholic community grew considerably after 1945 and built the Sacred Heart Church in 1953.

In 1952 Reinbek, which had grown due to its proximity to the big city, was granted town charter. The Reinbek-Schönningstedt-Glinde industrial area gave a significant boost to the latest development. During the territorial reform, which came into force on January 1, 1974, the municipality of Schönningstedt with its districts Neuschönningstedt and Ohe and parts of Stemwarde and Glinde were added to the city of Reinbek. Reinbek currently has around 26,000 inhabitants (for more on the current situation, see Reinbek ).

swell

  • Walter Fink: The Reinbek Office 1577 to 1800 - Höfe, Mühlen, Vorwerke and their owners 1969 (only in the reference library).
  • Beginnings of the labor movement in Reinbek - Communist resistance against the Nazi camp Wiesenfeld in Glinde (compiled by the "Reinbek History Workshop"), 1990.
  • Fritz Hasenclever: Oher Gräberfeld hiking trail, 1988
  • August Kasch: 700 years of Reinbek, 1938, essays (only available in antiquarian versions).
  • Carl-Friedrich Manzel: Reinbek yesterday and today (illustrated book, 2000)
  • Nicole Meiffert: The history of the Reinbek office 1576 to 1773 (1995)
  • Wolfgang Prange : Villages and desert areas around Reinbek (Holstein land map studies), 1963 (only available in antiquarian versions).
  • Reinbek 1933 to 1945 (compiled by class 10c of the secondary school) 1988 (only in the reference library).
  • Johannes Spallek : Stormarn, history. In: Stormarn-Lexikon , ed. by B. Günther, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2003; Pp. 346-350.
  • City of Reinbek and Ortsgeschichtliches Museum Reinbek eV (ed.): Reinbek in old views , Zaltbommel (Netherlands): European Library, [2] 1996 ([1] 1995).
  • Paths and streets in Reinbek - An explanation of the street names - Compiled by the Museum Association, 2004

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt : End of the war. Seventy years ago the city of Ahrensburg surrendered on: May 2nd, 2015; accessed on: May 31, 2017
  2. ↑ The surrender on the Timeloberg (PDF, 16 S .; 455 kB)
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 186 .