Girl group
A girl group is a group of several female singers who sing pop music . The term girl group developed in the United States , calling first groups of three or four girls "pop music in one in American US teen - rock 'n' roll of the 1950s developed style sing" and often danced synchronously. The name has been in use since the late 1950s. Today all purely female singing groups that do not play instruments are called girl groups. This term does not include female groups that can be assigned to special music styles such as country , folk or jazz or a choir .
history
The roots of the girl groups can be found in the a cappella listening of American jazz. In the 1920s, the Brox Sisters were the most famous female singing group, followed by the Boswell Sisters as the leading girl group from around 1925 to 1935 . The Andrews Sisters , which were active from 1932 to 1966, can be seen as the first world-famous girl group . The trio Lescano - three sisters - was very popular in Italy between 1935 and 1943.
From the late 1940s onwards, several more girl groups were formed; almost all of them had the name component "Sisters" and numerous successes in the charts: The Marlin Sisters , The Fontane Sisters or The McGuire Sisters . The Chordettes were a quartet of singers that existed from 1946 to 1961 and had hits like Mister Sandman and Lollipop . In the phase of the transition from popular music to rock'n'roll and in their intermediate position between traditional pop music and rock-oriented pop, the chordettes are considered the prototype for the numerous girl groups that will follow them.
The heyday of girl groups (1958–1965)
In the wake of the success of the Motown label , there have been other female pop groups in the USA since 1958 that have had commercial success. So-called "female vocal groups" were part of the US Billboard charts until the mid-1960s . However, many of the groups quickly disappeared after a hit . The Shangri-Las (founded in 1963 in Queens ), The Crystals (founded in 1961 in Brooklyn ), The Ronettes (founded in 1959 in New York City ), The Marvelettes (founded in 1960 in Inkster, Michigan ) are important representatives of this style. Martha & the Vandellas (from 1962 under this name; founded in 1957 as The Del-Phis in Detroit ) and The Shirelles (founded in 1958 in Passiac , New Jersey). The members were often young black women. The most successful group were the Supremes .
The 1990s
Since the 1990s, the concept of putting girl groups together has often consisted of a casting process , similar to boy groups , in which stereotypes are cast according to certain identifying figures - corresponding to the broadest possible audience taste - who can be revered as idols and marketed through merchandising and devotional items . Such constellations are also known as retort bands , which are put together by music producers according to successful concepts.
Successful groups of the 1990s came from Great Britain in particular, where the Spice Girls pioneered a new wave of girl groups such as Atomic Kitten , All Saints and Sugababes . Even J-pop groups such as Speed and Morning Musume drew attention to himself.
2000 until today
From 2000, found mainly in the different versions of the talent show Popstars successful girl groups together, such as Girls Aloud from the UK, the No Angels from Germany, Bellepop from Spain, Tears from Switzerland, L5 from France, Rouge from Brazil and Bandana from Argentina.
In Japan, especially from 2005 onwards, a large number of girls' groups were put together. Among the most successful are AKB48 and Momoiro Clover Z . As part of the so-called Korean wave , numerous South Korean groups were also able to celebrate international success, such as Girls' Generation , Kara and Wonder Girls . Thanks to the continued success of K-Pop , idol groups of the younger generation such as Black Pink , Twice and (G) I-DLE have achieved even greater international recognition and attention.
literature
- Charlotte Greig: Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? Girl bands from the 50s to today . German translation by Markus Schröder. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1991 ISBN 3-499-18854-6
- Greil Marcus: The Girl Groups . In: Jim Miller (Ed.): The Rolling Stone Illustrated History Of Rock & Roll . Random House, New York 1976, pp. 154-157 ISBN 0-394-40327-4
- Jay Warner: American Singing Groups. A History From 1940s To Today . Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corp., 2006 (XVII + 585 pages). ISBN 0-634-09978-7
Web links
- Michael Ständer: Images of femininity in girl groups
- Girl groups of the early 1960s (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Charlotte Greig: Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? Girl bands from the 50s to today . German translation by Markus Schröder. Reinbek near Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag, 1991, p. 7
- ↑ Don Tyler: Music Of The Postwar Era . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008, p. 66
- ↑ Eleanor Halls: The Black Pink revolution: how the K-Pop girl group wurde a global obsession. In: The Telegraph. June 10, 2019, accessed on July 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Caitlin Kelley: K-pop Girl Group TWICE Has Sold Over 6 Million Albums Worldwide. In: Forbes. April 27, 2019, accessed on July 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Tamar Herman: Don't Mess With (G) I-dle, K-Pop Girl Group Says in 'Uh Oh' Music Video: Watch. In: Billboard. June 26, 2019, accessed July 9, 2019 .