Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni

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Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni (born September 29, 1754 in Lugano , † December 12, 1807 in Mantua ) was a French general .

Life

Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni came from an old Comer family who received citizenship of both Strasbourg and Lugano through his grandfather Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni (1704–1776) . He was the son of Bernardo Giuseppe Mainoni (* 1727 in Mantua , † 1786 in Lugano) and his wife Francesca, daughter of Stefano Grossi from Menaggio . His brother was Etienne Bernard Mainoni (* 1756, † 1826 in Milan ), a tobacco entrepreneur in Strasbourg.

Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni spent his childhood in Lugano, Volesio and Como ; there he studied at the Jesuit college .

In 1770 he worked as a businessman in the family business of a large tobacco factory in Strasbourg, which his grandfather had founded there. Shortly afterwards he came to Frankfurt am Main to manage the family business there, while his father was in charge in Strasbourg. After the death of his father, he returned to Strasbourg in 1786 and closed the office building in Frankfurt am Main in 1788.

As a supporter of the French Revolution , he opted for French citizenship and was determined to defend the revolution.

He stepped on September 18, 1790, a soldier of the cavalry in French services and became the on August 6, 1792 Captain appointed. In October 1792 he was appointed commander and lieutenant colonel of the 6th Bas-Rhin Volunteer Battalion . On April 11, 1793 he was brigade commander at the French headquarters in Mainz and was injured in the leg when he failed. From December 1793 to January 1794 he was chairman of the Revolutionary Court in Strasbourg. In July 1795, he was arrested for allegedly mistreating as President of the Revolutionary Court, but he was acquitted on September 12, 1795 on the basis of minor charges.

On July 30, 1794, the representatives of the Rhine Army appointed him commander of the 92nd half-brigade and on February 17, 1796, he became the commander of the 44th half-brigade.

In 1796 he took part in the offensive across the Rhine under General Louis Charles Antoine Desaix and was involved in the Battle of Biberach , fought in Waldkirch and received a head wound there on October 19, 1796. After the Leoben armistice in April 1797, he was in command of the canton of Grünstadt in the occupied Palatinate . At the end of 1797 he returned to the garrison in Mainz. In February 1798 he took part in the clashes with the Palatinate troops and the occupation of Mannheim .

On September 9, 1798, he defeated the rebels of the Nidwald in Stans , which resulted in the town surrendering (see also: The horrors of Nidwalden ). He then commanded the occupation forces in the canton of Ticino , his home country; there he was promoted to brigadier general on November 19, 1798 .

In 1799 he was captured on March 16 with his officers and thousands of Austrian soldiers, but after four months in prison in the Graz fortress he was exchanged for the Austrian general Franz Xaver von Auffenberg . He then returned to France on August 16, 1799.

In 1799 he fought in the canton of Linth on September 25th and commanded the right wing of the Soult division . His actions were decisive for the French victory in the second battle for Zurich . He was then transferred to the command of the 110th Half Brigade in Bern . In December 1799 he switched to command of the troops stationed in Valais .

On March 18, 1800, he was the on Italy specific reserve army assigned and commanded on May 10, 1800 a line demi-brigade of infantry division of General Jean Lannes ; he distinguished himself on June 6th in San Cipriano Po near Stradella in the defense against the Austrians on the right bank of the Po. He was seriously injured on June 14, 1800 by a gunshot wound in the chest during the Battle of Marengo . After his recovery in late July 1800, he returned to the service and carried out an observation mission to the Valtellina .

In January 1801 he was appointed military commander of the Vicenza Province. After the Treaty of Lunéville of February 9, 1801, he was recalled to Milan and sent to Novara in June to restore order there. On July 1, 1801, he was used in the army of the Cisalpine Republic . In 1802 he was in Pavia for a short time , from August of the same year in the Lario department of the Cisalpine Republic with its capital Como. In November 1801 he was given the command of a brigade of the Verdier division with the task of suppressing the uprising in Ticino; he managed to take his homeland without a fight by simply threatening to occupy it.

On August 27, 1803, he was appointed major general . He took command of the fortress of Mantua on October 3, 1803.

Due to his age, he was no longer involved in the campaigns from 1805 to 1807, although he claimed he was only born in 1762.

Residence of Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni at 6 rue de l'Arbre-Vert, Strasbourg

Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni married Franziska Klara (* 1755 in Frankfurt am Main, † 1791 in Strasbourg) in 1777, daughter of the banker Franz Maria Schweitzer . They had six children together:

  • Paulina Maria Mainoni (* 1779 in Strasbourg, † 1857 in Cirey ), married to Louis Joseph Alloys de Guaita (1765–1839), son of the Frankfurt banker Antoine-Marie Guaita;
  • Bernardo Mainoni (* 1781 in Frankfurt am Main, † 1807 in Naples), captain of the infantry;
  • Giuseppe Antonio Mainoni (* 1783; † 1849), general in Como;
  • Stefano Mainoni (* 1784; † 1860 in Milan); Captain of the honor guard of Napoleon Bonaparte ;
  • Teresa Mainoni (* 1787; † unknown).

During his stay in Strasbourg he lived at 6 rue de l'Arbre-Vert.

honors and awards

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Family tree of Joseph Antoine Marie MAINONI. Retrieved September 4, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Mainoni, Giuseppe Antonio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mainoni, Joseph Antoine Marie Michel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1754
PLACE OF BIRTH Lugano
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1807
Place of death Mantua