Chinese Gleditschie
| Chinese Gleditschie | ||||||||||||
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Trunk with branches and thorns |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gleditsia sinensis | ||||||||||||
| Lam. |
The Chinese Gleditschia ( Gleditsia sinensis ) is a small tree with numerous thorns and pinnate leaves from the subfamily of the carob family (Caesalpinioideae). The natural range of the species is in China. It is cultivated in China, India and Korea. It is rarely planted as an ornamental shrub .
description
The Chinese Gleditschia is a tree up to 30 meters high with gray to deep brown branches and bare shoots. The thorns are up to 16 centimeters long, strongly branched, stalk-round, thick and conical. The leaves are 10 to 18, rarely up to 26 centimeters long and simply pinnate. The leaf spindles are lightly hairy, the petioles are 1 to 2, rarely up to 5 millimeters long and also lightly hairy. The rarely four, usually six to 18 leaves arranged in pairs are paper-like, 2 to 8.5, rarely up to 12.5 centimeters long and 1 to 4, rarely 6 centimeters wide, oblong to ovoid-lanceolate, with wedge-shaped to rounded, sometimes light oblique base, pointed or pointed end of the leaf with a rounded and spiky point and serrated leaf margin. The upper surface of the leaflet is dull yellow-green and lightly downy hairy, the lower surface is hairy along the median nerve . The reticulated leaf veins protrude on both sides of the leaflets.
The inflorescences are 5 to 14 centimeters long, slightly downy hairy clusters in the leaf axils or at the ends of the branches. The yellowish white flowers are polygamous . The male flowers grow on 2 to 8, rarely up to 10 millimeter long flower stems and have a diameter of 9 to 10 millimeters. The flower base is 2.5 to 3 millimeters wide, deep brown and hairy on the outside. The four sepals are triangular-lanceolate, about 3 millimeters long and hairy on both sides. The four petals are elongated, 4 to 5 millimeters long and slightly downy hairy. Stamens from six to mostly eight are rarely formed. The rudimentary formed stamp is approximately 2.5 millimeters long. The hermaphrodite flowers grow on stems 2 to 5 millimeters long and have a diameter of 10 to 12 millimeters. The sepals and petals are similar to those of the male flowers, but are longer. Eight stamens are formed. The ovary is hairy at the base and at the seams and has numerous ovules . The scar is bilobed. The fruits are 12 to 37 centimeters long and 2 to 4 centimeters wide, brown or red-brown, ribbon-shaped, crooked, sometimes twisted pods with thickened ends. The walls of the pods are woody and arched. Some fruits are shorter and smaller, 5 to 13 inches long and 1 to 1.5 inches wide, more or less stalk-round and seedless. The stem is 1 to 3.5 centimeters long, the flaps are leathery and often dusty. The numerous seeds are brown, shiny, oblong or elliptical, 11 to 13 millimeters long and 8 to 9 millimeters wide. The Chinese Gleditschia flowers from March to May, the fruits ripen from May to December.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence and location requirements
The natural range is in China in the provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Gansu , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hebei , Henan , Hubei , Jiangxi , Jilin , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Zhejiang . The species is cultivated in China, India and Korea. The Chinese Gleditschia grows on mountain slopes, in valleys and forests at heights of 200 to 2500 meters on dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy-gravelly or sandy-loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny and hot locations. The species is sensitive to moisture and frost. The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 6b with mean annual temperature minima between −20.5 and −17.8 ° C.
Systematics
The Gleditsia sinensis ( Gleditsia sinensis ) is a kind of the genus of honey locusts ( Gleditsia ). It is in the family of leguminous plants of the subfamily of the (Fabaceae) caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) and the tribe associated Caesalpinieae. The species was first described scientifically in 1788 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck . The generic name Gleditsia was chosen by Carl von Linné and is reminiscent of the German botanist Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch ( Latinized Gleditsius) (1714 to 1786), professor and director of the Berlin Botanical Garden . The specific epithet sinensis refers to the distribution area in China. Synonyms for the species are Gleditsia horrida Willdenow , Gleditsia macracantha Desfontaines and Gleditsia officinalis Hemsley .
use
The Chinese Gleditschia is sometimes used as an ornamental shrub because of its remarkable fruits . Sometimes it also serves as a bee pasture .
proof
literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 38 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 319-320.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 511-512 .
- Steve Cafferty: Cosmos Atlas Trees of the World . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 207 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 319 and after Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 512
- ↑ a b c d e Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang, Kai Larsen: Gleditsia sinensis , in the Flora of China , Volume 10, p. 38
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 319
- ↑ a b Gleditsia sinensis. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 17, 2012 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 268
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names, pp. 587-588
Web links
Gleditsia sinensis. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 17, 2012 .