Graefenhain (Koenigsbrück)
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Graefenhain
City of Koenigsbrück
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 55 ′ 50 ″ E
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| Height : | 190 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.78 km² |
| Residents : | 402 (March 11, 2014) |
| Population density : | 70 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 01936 |
| Area code : | 035795 |
Gräfenhain (Sorbian "Grawicy") is a district of Saxony Country City Königsbrück in the district of Bautzen .
geography
Graefenhain is in the form of a street perch village southeast of Königsbrück at the foot of the Keulenberg in a wooded landscape. The remnants of what were once numerous quarries are the defining elements of the landscape. The river Pulsnitz , flowing east of the village, formed the historical border between the Saxon Mark Meißen and the (until 1635 Bohemian) Upper Lusatia .
Surrounding villages are Weißbach in the north, Koitzsch in the northeast, Reichenau in the east, Reichenbach in the southeast, Höckendorf in the south, Laußnitz in the west and Königsbrück in the northwest.
history
Local history
Graefenhain was first mentioned in a document in 1309 as Greuinhain . The name and the type of settlement of the village indicate a German settlement . In 1350 the fiefdom was converted into free property ( Allodium ). A medieval atonement cross is located on Keulenbergstrasse.
The village has been parish to Königsbrück since the Reformation at the latest , although the city lies on the other side of the then Saxon border in Upper Lusatia. Since around the middle of the 16th century, Graefenhain belonged to the Laußnitz district as an official village .
The Vorwerk mentioned in 1592 had been a manor since 1764 at the latest . The manor, which also included a mill, was temporarily under a different lordship than the village, so that as a result, the village was referred to as Niedergräfenhain and the manor as Obergräfenhain.
The municipality, which already belonged to the Kamenz district administration in the 19th century, was subject to the smaller Kamenz district ( Dresden district ) even after the administrative reform of 1952 .
On January 1, 1994 it was incorporated into Königsbrück .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1834 | 292 |
| 1871 | 301 |
| 1890 | 314 |
| 1910 | 445 |
| 1925 | 470 |
| 1939 | 545 |
| 1946 | 592 |
| 1950 | 635 |
| 1964 | 560 |
| 1990 | 494 |
| 1997 | 494 |
| 2008 | 418 |
| 2014 | 402 |
In 1551 there were 23 possessed men , 2 cottagers and 20 residents in Graefenhain. Around 200 years later, in 1764, there were still 20 possessed men and 19 cottagers.
In the first census in 1834, in which all inhabitants were counted equally, 292 inhabitants were determined in Graefenhain. Until the end of the 19th century, the population rose only slowly, but more rapidly at the turn of the century, so that in 1910 there were already 445 inhabitants. In the interwar period the number rose to over 500 and reached a level of over 600 by displaced persons from the former eastern German territories towards the end of the 1940s. As early as 1964, the population of 560 had almost fallen back to the level before the start of the Second World War. In the following decades the population continued to decline and in 1990 was just under 500.
Since the mid-1990s, the population has decreased by another 15%.
Place name
According to documentary mentions, the place name developed from Greuinhain (1309) via Grawinhain , Grevenhain (both 1350), Grevinhain (1375), Grefinhain (1412), Greffenhain (1551) to Graefenhayn (1768) and finally Graefenhain .
After Hans Walther , the place name refers to a count's settlement. This was probably not a locator of the same name, but rather a burgrave on Königsbrück.
Personalities
Georg Bartisch (1535–1607), a doctor born in Graefenhain, wrote the first German textbook on ophthalmology. He also made merits as a urologist in the treatment of bladder stones.
See also
Sources and literature
literature
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Graefenhain. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 35. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Kamenz (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1912, p. 44.
Footnotes
- ↑ a b City of Königsbrück: data and facts. Retrieved March 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Graefenhain . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 3rd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1816, p. 377. Full text on Wikisource
- ↑ a b Graefenhain in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved March 18, 2014 .
- ^ City of Königsbrück: Graefenhain / Röhrsdorf. Retrieved March 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Information from the city administration
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 88 .
