Grégoire Haddad

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Grégoire Haddad 1990

Grégoire Haddad (born September 25, 1924 in Souk El Gharb , Lebanon , † December 23, 2015 ) was Melkite Archbishop of Beirut and Jbeil from 1968 to 1975 . He was known as the "Red Bishop of Beirut" and resigned from office in 1975 under pressure from the Holy See .

Life

Grégoire Haddad was born in Souk El Gharb, a small town in the Lebanon Mountains , in 1924 . His father was a Protestant Christian and his mother was a member of the Roman Catholic Church . He attended elementary school from 1934 to 1936, after which he went to a secondary school run by Basilians for a year . Until 1943 he was taught by Jesuits in a school of the Eastern Churches and obtained the Abitur . He began the study of philosophy and theology , and received in 1949 by Archbishop Philippe Nabaa , his predecessor in the office of bishop of Beirut, the ordination . Then he worked as a secretary in the archbishop's office in Beirut and devoted himself to several social projects, he founded the Lebanese social movement. On July 30, 1965, he was appointed auxiliary bishop in Beirut and Jbeil and titular bishop of Palmyra dei Greco-Melkiti . On September 5, 1965, he received the episcopal ordination from Maximos IV. Cardinal Saigh SMSP , Patriarch of Antioch ; Co-consecrators were Archbishop Philippe Nabaa of Beirut and Jbeil and Joseph Elias Tawil , Archbishop of Newton . As a council father, he took part in the fourth session of the Second Vatican Council . After the archbishop's death, he administered the Archdiocese of Beirut as diocesan administrator and was on September 9, 1968 by Pope Paul VI. appointed Archbishop of Beirut and Jbeil. He was Mitkonsekrator the Archbishops Elias Nijmé BA , Archbishop of archeparchy Tripoli and Jean Assaad Haddad , Archbishop of Tire .

The "Red Bishop of Beirut"

In the first few years of his tenure, the new archbishop had many decisions to make in order to implement the decisions of the Second Vatican Council. This included the new situation for the participation of the laity . In 1975 a magazine was published periodically in which spiritual, theological and social topics were dealt with. With some of the articles he wrote on the question of the coexistence of Muslims and Christians , he met resistance from Rome . In particular, the active contacts with the Amal movement and his advocacy of cooperation under secular conditions led to exhortations from the Vatican . The collaboration with the founder of the Amal movement, the Shiite imam Musa as-Sadr, made things more difficult for Rome . Together they founded the “Social Movement” in 1960 and in the following years promoted the Islamic-Christian dialogue . In one of these events, Musa al-Sadr gave a speech at Easter in a church of the Capuchin Order . In addition, Grégoire Haddad had published his theory about a rapprochement between socialism and church . He publicly represented ideas on secularization , which led to a sharp dispute not only among his confreres but also with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith . His aim was to try to found a peace-making religion .

Not only the political pressure, but also the threat of internal church sanctions ultimately led to Grégoire Haddad requesting his resignation on September 19, 1975, which was given by Pope Paul VI. with simultaneous appointment as titular archbishop of Adana dei Greco-Melkiti was approved. After his resignation, he retired to a monastery ; he turned down all other bishopric positions offered to him within the Melkite-Greek-Catholic Church. He continued to promote social movements in Lebanon.

literature

  • Grégoire Haddad: What do true Christians care about the majority question? In: Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria (ed.): The future of oriental Christians. A debate in the Middle East. EMW / Information Project Near and Middle East (inamo), 2001, ISSN  1436-2058 .
  • Antoine Fleyfel: La théologie contextuelle arabe. Modèle libanais. L'Harmattan, Paris 2011.
  • Michel Touma: Grégoire Haddad, évêque laïque, évêque rebelle. Éditions L'Orient-Le Jour, Beirut 2012.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hizbullah: The Islamic Resistance in Lebanon.
  2. ↑ Lebanon: Hezbollah, a progressive Islamic party? Interview with Joseph Alagha.
  3. ↑ Manfred Brocker, Mathias Hildebrandt (ed.): Peace-making religions? Religion and the de-escalation of political conflicts. 1st edition VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008, ISBN 978-3-531-15724-5
predecessor Office successor
Philippe Nabaa SMSP Archbishop of Beirut and Jbeil
1968–1975 		Habib Bacha SMSP
personal data
SURNAME Haddad, Grégoire
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lebanese clergyman, Archbishop of Beirut and Jbeil
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1924
PLACE OF BIRTH Souk El Gharb , Lebanon
DATE OF DEATH 23rd December 2015