Large stone graves near Tangeln
| Large stone graves near Tangeln | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | Tangling 1 , Tangling (3) , Tangling 4 , Tangling 5 , Tangling 6 , Tangling 7 , Tangling (new) | ||
| place | Beetzendorf OT Tangeln , Saxony-Anhalt , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3700 to 3350 BC Chr. | ||
The megalithic graves near Tangeln were a group of more than ten megalithic graves from the Neolithic deep-engraving ceramic culture near Tangeln , a district of the municipality of Beetzendorf in the Altmark district of Salzwedel , Saxony-Anhalt . Only seven of these exist today. An unknown number of other graves were destroyed in the 19th century. Two tombs that were destroyed today were archaeologically examined in 1837 , and another, still preserved, in 1904.
location
Due to inaccurate descriptions and location information, the allocation of the graves described by Danneil and Krause / Schoetensack to one another and to the modern find place numbers is not always certain. The graves that are still preserved are all in the forest between Tangeln, Mellin and Ristedt . Grave 1 is 1.8 km south of Tangeln on the northern edge of the forest. Grave 7 is 100 m south. Both facilities are accessible via forest paths. These are the two systems that Krause and Schoetensack numbered 161 and 160. About 1.2 km southwest of grave 7 is grave 4 (probably Danneil's grave 116). About 30 m southwest of this are the remains of another grave, which is probably identical to one of the graves mentioned by Krause / Schoetensack. Both graves are numbered 156 and 159, although the descriptions do not make it clear which grave is meant by which number. About 120 m west of grave 4 is grave 5 (No. 117 to Danneil or 157 to Krause / Schoetensack). Grave 6 (No. 118 to Danneil or 158 to Krause / Schoetensack) is located 1.3 km east-southeast of grave 4. About 1 km south-south-west of grave 5, not far from Tangeln Bach, is a grave that was newly discovered in 2006.
Danneil names three other graves that no longer exist today. His grave 113 (No. 153 to Krause / Schoetensack) was located “in the Hellberge”, 1200 paces (approx. 900 m) northwest of Mellin. Graves 114 and 115 (No. 154 and 155 to Krause / Schoetensack) were located "10 minutes" north of Mellin (Krause / Schoetensack erroneously reproduced as 10 minutes from grave 153) on the road from Neumühle to Mellin. Grave KS 155 was 50 paces (approx. 40 m) east of KS 154. The exact location of other destroyed graves is not known.
There are several other large stone graves in the vicinity: the Ristedt large stone grave is located about 1 km southeast of grave 6, and the large stone graves at Immekath are 2.1 km southeast .
Research history
Two graves between Tangeln and Mellin were archaeologically examined by Johann Friedrich Danneil in 1837 after their demolition had started in 1836. Danneil registered another grave near Mellin and three graves in Gutstein Forest and described these graves in a report published in 1843. He also found that an unknown number of graves had already been destroyed further north on the Tangeln field mark . At the beginning of the 1890s, Eduard Krause and Otto Schoetensack discovered when the Altmark megalithic graves were re-examined that the three facilities near Mellin had been destroyed in the meantime. Instead, they discovered another grave in the Gutstein Forest and two graves near Neumühle, which Danneil had overlooked. Grave 6 was archaeologically examined by Julius Müller in 1904 . In 2003-04, all remaining large stone graves in the Altmark were recorded and measured as a joint project of the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology of Saxony-Anhalt , the Johann Friedrich Danneil Museum in Salzwedel and the association “Young Archaeologists of the Altmark”. Two graves described by Krause and Schoetensack could not be found. They may have been destroyed in the 1990s. In November 2006, another previously unknown grave was discovered in the forest east of Mellin.
For some of the graves there are numbers that differ from the official count. In the following, the numbers that Krause and Schoetensack gave to the destroyed graves are used.
| official no. | Danneil (1843) | Krause / Schoetensack (1893) |
Beier (1991) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | KS 161 (Neumühle) | 10 | |
| 4th | D 116 | KS 156 (Gutstein) or KS 159 (Gutstein) |
5 | |
| 5 | D 117 | KS 157 (Gutstein) | 6th | |
| 6th | D 118 | KS 158 (Gutstein) | 7th | |
| 7th | - | KS 160 (Neumühle) | 9 | |
| New | - | - | - | |
| - | D 113 | KS 153 (Mellin) | 2 | destroyed |
| - | D 114 | KS 154 (Mellin) | 3 | destroyed (?), listed by Beier as preserved |
| - | D 115 | KS 155 (Mellin) | 4th | destroyed |
| - | - | KS 156 (Gutstein) or KS 159 (Gutstein) |
8th | |
| - | o. no. | o. no. (tangling) | 1 | destroyed more than one plant |
description
Preserved graves
Grave 1
Grave 1 is on a north slope. It has been so badly damaged that it cannot be assigned to a specific grave type. The burial mound is meridional and oval. It is 20.5 m long and 11.3 m wide, its height is 0.6-0.8 m. The grave border was probably also oval and oriented north-south. Their length was about 20 m and their width 8.5 m. Only nine or ten edging stones have survived. An edging stone on the south side was blown up; the blast hole is still partially visible.
The burial chamber is oriented north-south and lies in the middle of the enclosure. Only two wall stones have survived, the cap stones are completely missing. The chamber was probably rectangular, its width is 1.4 m, the length can no longer be determined. The grave was looted and the chamber was destroyed.
Grave 4
Grave 4 is on a north slope. This grave has also been so badly destroyed that it cannot be assigned to a specific type. The burial mound is round and has a diameter of 14 m, its height is 0.5 m. It melted away today. A grave border cannot be made out. There are only two wall stones and a cap stone left of the burial chamber, which are in the middle of the hill. The chamber was presumably oriented east-west, shape and size can no longer be determined.
Grave 5
Grave 5 belongs to the large dolmen type . The mound is oval. A grave border seems to have originally existed, but the shape and dimensions can no longer be determined, as only four or five border stones have survived. The burial chamber is oriented northwest-southeast. It consists of about 16 wall stones and at least five cap stones. However, since the grave has completely collapsed, wall and cap stones can no longer be clearly distinguished. The chamber was probably rectangular and has the internal dimensions 11.5 mx 4.0 m.
Grave 6
Grave 6 also belongs to the large dolmen type. The hill is elongated and about 0.5 m high. The grave border is oriented northwest-southeast and was probably originally trapezoidal. Its length is 23.6 m, its width 5.2–6.4 m. Of the original 38 edging stones, 32 are still visible, but there are more in the ground. In the southeast, outside the enclosure, there are two overturned guardian stones .
The burial chamber is oriented northwest-southeast and is located in the northwest part of the enclosure. It consists of ten wall stones and four cap stones, all of which have been preserved. However, two ceiling and almost all wall stones have sunk and are now completely overgrown. The largest capstone measures 2.5 m × 1.2 m × 1.1 m. The cavities between the wall stones were filled with pebbles and attachments with a size of 10 cm to 30 cm. Some of the backfilling can still be seen. The chamber is rectangular. It has a length of 5 m, a width of 1.5 m to 1.8 m and a height of 1.0 m.
The burial chamber has been robbed, but excavations in 1904 were able to make some discoveries: The chamber had a stone paving over which sand had been poured. A small limestone tool, two flint axes and several shards of the spherical amphorae (3100–2700 BC) and the Schönfeld culture (2900–2100 BC) were discovered in it.
Stone tools from grave 6 according to Müller
Ceramic from grave 6 according to Müller
Grave 7
Grave 7 belongs to the extended dolmen type . The mound was originally oval or oblong. It has a length of 17.5 m, a width of 11.0 m and a height of 1.0 m. The grave border is oriented north-south and was originally probably rectangular. The entire southern part is missing. Their width is 7.2 m. Eleven edging stones have been preserved, one of which has broken.
The burial chamber is oriented north-south. All six wall stones have been preserved, but the cap stones seem to be completely missing. However, there are two stones outside the enclosure, which could be dragged cap stones. The chamber is robbed. It is rectangular, 3.1 m long, 1.0 m wide and 0.6 m high.
Grave KS 156 or 159
A collection of four stones could be the remains of a grave described by Krause and Schoetensack (either KS 156 or KS 159). The stones do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the original appearance of the complex. When Danneil was taken, grave KS 156 still consisted of the wall stones of the grave chamber and some surrounding stones. Krause and Schoetensack could only make out a few stones. Krause and Schoetensack counted ten smaller stones at grave KS 159.
Newly discovered grave
Most of the stones in this grave are said to have been removed in the 1920s. The destruction is too strong to classify. There is no mound filling, as the grave was carved into a natural mound. A grave border cannot be made out. The burial chamber is oriented east-west. Three wall stones (including a gable stone) and a cap stone have been preserved above ground, further wall stones are in the ground. The chamber is rectangular, 3.6 m long and 2.3 m wide.
Destroyed graves
Grave KS 153 ("Owl Chamber")
The complex had a burial chamber with a length of 10 m and a width of 3.1 m. Danneil was able to identify four cap stones, one of which was 3.1 m long, 2 m wide and 1.1 m thick. Presumably it was a passage grave .
Grave KS 154
This system was oriented east-west and had an oval mound with a length of 15.7 m, a width of 12.5 m and a height of 1.6. The hill was surrounded by a stone enclosure. The burial chamber consisted of several wall stones and a single large capstone. The capstone was removed in 1836. The workers found and smashed an urn filled with cremated corpse without any additions. In 1837 Danneil carried out a subsequent excavation and came across seven east-west oriented human skeletons, three in the eastern and four in the western half of the chamber. The eastern skeletons lay on a stone pavement, the western ones lay on sand, partly (especially in the head area) also on clay. One skeleton had a bronze wire neck ring with a hook and eye. This addition identifies the skeletons as subsequent burials , which can probably be dated to the late Roman Empire . The smashed urn was also a reburial, perhaps from the Bronze Age .
Grave KS 155
According to Danneil, this system was constructed very similarly to KS 154. During his investigation, Danneil discovered a human skeleton and in the northeast, near an encircling stone, three crushed urns with corpse burns. One of the urns also contained an 8 ”iron needle.
See also
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The globe amphora culture in the Middle Elbe-Saale area and in the Altmark (= publications of the State Museum for Prehistory Halle. Bamd 41). Berlin 1988, p. 94.
- Hans-Jürgen Beier: The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings and the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Volume 1). Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 53.
- Wilhelm Blasius : Guide to the megalithic grave monuments in the western part of the Salzwedel district. In: Thirty-first annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry. Issue 2, 1904, pp. 106–111 ( PDF; 8.1 MB ).
- Hartmut Bock , Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Great stone graves of the Altmark . State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum for Prehistory, Halle (Saale) 2006, ISBN 3-939414-03-4 , pp. 159–166, 212.
- Johann Friedrich Danneil : Special evidence of the barrows in the Altmark . In: Sixth annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry . 1843, pp. 113-114 ( PDF; 5.5 MB ).
- Eduard Krause , Otto Schoetensack : The megalithic graves (stone chamber graves) of Germany . I .: Altmark . In: Journal of Ethnology . Vol. 25, 1893, p. 158 / no. 157–161, Plates VI / 157–161, VIII / 158 ( PDF; 39.0 MB ).
- Paul Kupka : Old and new Neolithic finds from the Altmark. In: Contributions to the history, regional and folklore of the Altmark. Volume 1, 1908, pp. 4-5.
- Lothar Mittag, Martin Steinig: New discoveries of megalithic systems in the Tangeln district in 2007. In: 78th annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History in Salzwedel . 2008, pp. 5–14 ( PDF; 8.1 MB ).
- Julius Müller : The uncovering of a barrow. In: Thirty-third annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History in Salzwedel. 1906, pp. 127–128 ( PDF; 8.7 MB ).
- Hans Priebe : The western group of spherical amphorae. Contributions to stone age research. Halle (Saale) 1938, p. 68.
- Britta Schulze-Thulin : Large stone graves and menhirs. Saxony-Anhalt • Thuringia • Saxony . Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2007, ISBN 978-3-89812-428-7 , pp. 46-48.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: Grave 1 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7 , Tangeln (new)
- KLEKs Online: Grave 1 , Grave 3 , Grave 4 , Grave 5 , Grave 6 , Grave 7 , Tangeln (new)
- grosssteingraeber.de: Grab 1 , (Grab 3) , Grab 4 , Grab 5 , Grab 6 , Grab 7 , Tangeln (new)
- tw.strahl.org: grave 1 , grave 4 , (grave 4a) , grave 5 , grave 6 , grave 7 , (grave 9)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 11.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 161.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 212.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 159.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 161.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 162.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. pp. 164-165.
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 166.
- ↑ The destroyed large stone grave Tangeln 3 near Salzwedel .
- ↑ Hartmut Bock, Barbara Fritsch, Lothar Mittag: Großsteingraves der Altmark. 2006. p. 212.
Map with all coordinates: