Guzmania

Guzmania
Guzmania hybrid 'Rana', breeder Corn. Bak, parents: G. wittmackii 'Red' × G. lingulata var. Cardinalis habit and inflorescence
Systematics
Monocots Commelinids Order : Sweet grass (Poales) Family : Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) Subfamily : Tillandsioideae Genre : Guzmania
Scientific name
Guzmania
Ruiz & Pav.

The plant genus Guzmania belongs to the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). The over 200 species are widespread in the Neotropic .

description

Appearance and leaves

Guzmania species are perennial herbaceous plants that usually grow as epiphytes . All species are funnel bromeliads; their stem axis is compressed and the leaves stand together in rosettes. The leaves overlap in such a way that a funnel is created to collect water. The parallel- veined leaves are mostly sword-shaped.

Inflorescences and flowers

The often brightly colored inflorescences are long-lasting and mostly unbranched in many species. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold: there are three sepals and petals and two times three stamens . The three pistils have become an ovary grown.

Fruits and seeds

There are fruit capsules formed. The seeds have a "parachute", similar to the dandelion .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Guzmania was established in 1802 by Hipólito Ruiz Lopez and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez . The generic name Guzmania honors the Spanish pharmacist and plant collector Anastasio Guzmán († 1807).

The wide Neotropical distribution area of the genus Guzmania extends from Florida over the Greater Antilles , Mexico and Central America to western Brazil . Most of the Guzmania are common in northwestern South America in the tropical rainforest zone of the Andes from Colombia to Ecuador . A center of biodiversity lies in Costa Rica and Panama .

There are over 200 species of Guzmania and some varieties (as of 2014):

Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania alliodora Three-fold flower with green petals of Guzmania alliodora Habit, leaves and inflorescence of the small species Guzmania angustifolia Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania berteroniana in the habitat Section of an inflorescence with three-fold flowers of Guzmania bismarckii Habit and flowers of the small species Guzmania butcheri Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania conifera Habitus, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania coriostachya in the habitat Inflorescence with white flowers of Guzmania desautelsii in the habitat Inflorescence of Guzmania eduardii Habit, leaves and inflorescence of the small species Guzmania farciminiformis Inflorescence of Guzmania lingulata var. Lingulata Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania monostachia Inflorescence with flowers of Guzmania monostachia Inflorescence with flowers of Guzmania monostachia f. alba Habit, beautifully drawn leaves and inflorescences of Guzmania musaica Habitus and inflorescences of Guzmania osyana Habitus and inflorescence of Guzmania steyermarkii in the habitat Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania roseiflora Habit, leaves and budding inflorescence of Guzmania rubrolutea Habit, compressed inflorescence and three-fold flowers of Guzmania sanguinea Inflorescence of Guzmania squarrosa Habitus, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania undulatobracteata in the habitat Section of a compound inflorescence of Guzmania undulatobracteata in the habitat Habit, leaves and inflorescence of Guzmania zahnii Guzmania acorifolia ( Griseb. ) Mez : It thrives epiphytically in cloud forests at altitudes of 1260 to 1950 meters in Venezuela . Guzmania acuminata L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically on shrubs at altitudes of 720 to 1200 meters in Colombia and Ecuador . Guzmania acutispica E. Gross : It thrives at altitudes of around 300 meters in Peru only in the Amazon. Guzmania adscendens H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described from Ecuador in 2013. This endemic thrives terrestrially and epiphytically at altitudes of around 1000 meters in Ecuador only in Carchi. Guzmania aequatorialis L.B.Sm. : It is only known from the type location on Monte Cajanuma near Loja in the Loja province in Ecuador. It was first described in 1959 using a specimen cultivated in Montreal. Guzmania albescens H.Luther & Determann : It only thrives at altitudes of around 700 meters in the Esmeraldas province in Ecuador. Guzmania alborosea H.Luther (Syn .: Guzmania scherzeriana var. Albiflora Rauh ): It thrives in humid forests at altitudes of 600 to 1250 meters in Ecuador. Guzmania alcantareoides H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 1500 meters in the province of Zamora-Chinchipe in Ecuador. Guzmania alliodora E. Gross : It thrives in the cloud forest at altitudes of 1800 to 2200 meters in Peru only in the Pasco region. Guzmania altsonii L.B.Sm. emend. Gouda (Syn .: Guzmania pleiosticha sensu LBSm. Et auct. Non Griseb. ): It thrives terrestrially or epiphytically at altitudes of 400 to 2300 meters from Colombia to Surinam and in Ecuador. Guzmania × amoena H.Luther : This natural hybrid from Guzmania kraenzliniana × Guzmania longipetala thrives at altitudes of around 800 meters only in the province of Carchi in Ecuador. Guzmania amplectens L.B.Sm. : At altitudes of around 840 meters in Colombia, it only thrives in Narino. Guzmania andreana (E. Morren) Mez : It thrives at altitudes of 1000 to 1800 meters in Colombia only in Narino. Guzmania andreettae Rauh : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 1800 meters in the cloud forest only in Cuenca in southern Ecuador. Guzmania angustifolia (Baker) Smack : There are two varieties of this small species: Guzmania angustifolia (Baker) Wittmack var. Angustifolia (Syn .: Guzmania bulliana André , Guzmania caulescens Mez & Sodiro ex Mez ): It grows epiphytic in forests at altitudes from 1,050 to 1,750 meters in Nicaragua , Panama , Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania angustifolia var. Nivea L.B.Sm. : It occurs only at altitudes of around 1350 meters in the Colombian Narino. Guzmania apiculata L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in tropical forests at altitudes of 1300 to 1500 meters in Peru. Guzmania armeniaca H.Luther : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 600 to 800 meters only on Cero Jefe in the Panamá province in Panama. Guzmania asplundii L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in bushes and in forests at altitudes of 1050 to 1100 meters in Ecuador only in Napo. Guzmania atrocastanea H.Luther : This endemic has so far only been found at an altitude of around 2500 meters on the road from Sig Sig to Chiguinda in the Morona-Santiago province in Ecuador. Guzmania attenuata L.B.Sm. & RWRead : This endemic has so far only been found on the southern slope of the westernmost summit of the Cerro Tacarcuna massif between the Pucro base camp and the Tecaracuna summit camp at altitudes of 1400 to 1600 meters in the Darién province in Panama. It thrives as an epiphyte in the lower, moist mountain forest. Guzmania bakeri (Wittmack) Mez (Syn .: Guzmania drewii L.B.Sm. , Guzmania elongata Mez & Sodiro ex Mez ): It thrives epiphytically in thickets and in rainforests at altitudes of 900 to 3200 meters in Ecuador and Colombia. Guzmania barbiei Rauh : It is a natural hybrid of Guzmania monostachia × Tillandsia complanata . It thrives terrestrially at an altitude of about 400 meters in Ecuador. Guzmania bergii H.Luther : This endemic has so far only been found at an altitude of around 1800 meters 10 to 15 km west of Limon on the Gualeceo road in the Morona-Santiago province in Ecuador. Guzmania berteroniana (Schultes f.) Mez : It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 390 to 1200 meters in Panama, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic . Guzmania besseae H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of 2100 to 2600 meters in Bolivia only in Cochabamba. Guzmania betancurii H.Luther : It was first described in 1999. This endemic thrives terrestrially at altitudes of 1300 to 1700 meters in Colombia only in Antioquia. Guzmania bicolor L.B.Sm. : This endemic occurs in Colombia only in Valle. Guzmania bipartita L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 750 to 900 meters in Ecuador and Peru. Guzmania bismarckii Rauh : This endemic thrives terrestrially in the dark rainforest and sandy swamp only at an altitude of about 800 meters about 20 km west of Rioja in the Peruvian region of Loreto. Guzmania blassii Rauh : It thrives in the rainforest in Costa Rica (no exact location was given). Guzmania brackeana Manzanares : It was first described in 2002. This endemic thrives terrestrially in swampy locations at altitudes of about 2000 meters in the Cordillera del Condor in Ecuador only in Zamora-Chinchipe. Guzmania bracteosa (André) André ex Mez (Syn .: Guzmania fusispica Mez & Sodiro ): It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1500 to 2000 meters in Ecuador only in Pichincha. Guzmania brasiliensis Ule : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 125 to 760 meters from Colombia via Venezuela to Brazil. Guzmania breviscapa H.Luther : It was first described in 1998 on the basis of a cultivated specimen. It only thrives epiphytically in the Colombian Choco. Guzmania brevispatha Mez : This endemic thrives terrestrially in shrubby forests at altitudes of 2000 to 2500 meters only in the Peruvian region of Huanuco. Guzmania butcheri Rauh : This small endemic thrives epiphytically in the forest at an altitude of about 100 meters only near El Boquette in Chiriqui in Panama. Guzmania cabrerae Gilmartin : This endemic thrives epiphytically in moist primary or secondary forests at an altitude of about 2000 meters only in the Colombian Valle. Guzmania calamifolia André ex Mez : There are two varieties: Guzmania calamifolia André ex Mez var. Calamifolia : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 5 to 1000 meters from Panama to Colombia to Ecuador. Guzmania calamifolia var. Rosacea J.R. Grant : It was first described in 1998. So far it has only been found at an altitude of about 700 meters in Cocle, Panama. Guzmania calothyrsus Mez : It thrives epiphytically and lithophytically in savannas at altitudes of 250 to 750 meters in Colombia and Bolivia. Guzmania candelabrum (André) André ex Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 2400 to 3300 meters in Colombia. Guzmania caricifolia (André ex Baker) LBSm. : This endemic thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 840 to 1100 meters only in the Colombian Narino. Guzmania cerrohoyaensis H.Luther : It was first described in 2001. So far it has only been found growing terrestrially in a moist forest in the summit area of ​​Cerro Hoya at an altitude of about 1400 meters in Panama in the province of Veraguas. Guzmania cinnabarina H.Luther & K.Norton : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 900 to 950 meters in Panama in the provinces of Panama and Cocle. Guzmania circinnata Rauh : It thrives epiphytically and terrestrially in mountain forests at altitudes of 800 to 1000 meters in Panama only in the Chiriqui province. Guzmania claviformis H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of 1100 to 1300 meters in Ecuador in Morona Santiago and in Peru only in the San Martin region. Guzmania compacta Mez (Syn .: Guzmania capitulata Mez & Wercklé ): It thrives in rainforests in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Guzmania condensata Mez & Wercklé (Syn .: Guzmania costaricensis Mez & Wercklé , Guzmania thyrsoidea Rauh ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 900 to 1300 meters in Costa Rica. Guzmania condorensis H.Luther : This endemic thrives at an altitude of about 1200 meters in Ecuador only in Zamora-Chinchipe. Guzmania confinis L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania confusa var. Foetida Rauh ): It thrives terrestrially in the Paramo at altitudes of 3100 to 3500 meters in Colombia and Venezuela. Guzmania confusa L.B.Sm. : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1250 to 1400 meters in Colombia only in Valle. Guzmania conglomerata H.Luther : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of about 600 meters in Colombia and in Ecuador only in Los Rios. Guzmania conifera (André) André ex Mez : It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in forests at altitudes of around 1500 meters in Ecuador and Peru. Guzmania coriostachya (Griseb.) Mez (Syn .: Guzmania michelii Mez , Guzmania nigrescens (Andre) Mez , Guzmania strobilifera Mez & Wercklé ): It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 275 to 2600 meters in Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia , Ecuador and Venezuela. Guzmania corniculata H.Luther : This endemic thrives epiphytically at an altitude of about 600 meters in Ecuador only in Esmeraldas. Guzmania cuatrecasasii L.B.Sm. : It is only known from the type material that was collected in 1940 in an open forest in Cajon de Pulido in the ravine of the Rio Hacha on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental at an altitude of about 1700 meters in the Colombian Caqueta. Guzmania cuzcoensis L.B.Sm. : It is only known of the type material that was collected in 1968 in a dense, always damp and dripping, dark cloud forest at altitudes of 2150 to 2200 meters at Camp 3, La Convencion in the Peruvian region of Cuzco. Guzmania cylindrica L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in rainforests at altitudes of 600 to 1150 meters in Colombia and Venezuela. Guzmania dalstroemii H.Luther : This endemic thrives epiphytically at an altitude of about 2500 meters in Ecuador only in Tungurahua. Guzmania danielii L.B.Sm. : It thrives in rainforests at altitudes of around 1950 meters in Colombia. Guzmania darienensis H.Luther : It has so far only been found epiphytically at altitudes of 800 to 840 meters in the Darien National Park near Cerro Sapo in Panama in Darien. Guzmania delicatula L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives at an altitude of around 1500 meters only in the Colombian city of Caldas. Guzmania densiflora Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 1650 to 2800 meters in the Colombian Cauca and Meta. Guzmania densispica Gouda & Manzan. : The species first described in 2017 occurs in Ecuador. Guzmania desautelsii L.B.Sm. & RWRead : It thrives in damp forests at altitudes of 300 to 1200 meters in Costa Rica and Panama. Guzmania devansayana E. Morren : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1850 to 2050 meters from Ecuador to Peru. Guzmania diazii H.Luther : It was first described in 2003. It only thrives terrestrially at altitudes of 500 to 700 meters in the Peruvian Amazon region. Guzmania diffusa L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in paramo forests at altitudes of 1875 to 2950 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania dissitiflora (André) LBSm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 100 to 1300 meters in Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. It is used as an ornamental plant. Guzmania donnell-smithii Mez ex DonnellSm. Guzmania dudleyi L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially at an altitude of about 1290 meters only in the Peruvian region of Huanuco. Guzmania dussii Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at an altitude of about 1000 meters only on the Leeward Islands . Guzmania ecuadorensis Gilmartin : This endemic thrives at an altitude of around 2500 meters in Ecuador only in Bolivar. Guzmania eduardii André ex Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 100 to 1200 meters in Colombia. Guzmania ekmanii (Harms) Harms ex Mez : It thrives epiphytically in mountain forests at altitudes of 750 to 1450 meters only on the island of Hispaniola . Guzmania elvallensis H.Luther : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 600 to 1000 meters in Panama only in Cocle. Guzmania erythrolepis Brongniart ex Planchon : It thrives lithophytically on limestone or epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 600 to 1000 meters in Panama and the Greater Antilles . Guzmania farciminiformis H.Luther : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 1100 to 1700 meters in Ecuador in Napo and Pastaza. Guzmania fawcettii Mez : The type material comes from Jamaica. Guzmania ferruginea Rauh : It was first described in 2010. It thrives in dense stands terrestrially or lithophytically at altitudes of 900 to 1200 meters only in the Peruvian Amazon region. Guzmania filiorum L.B.Sm. : It thrives on trees in Panama. Guzmania flagellata S.Pierce & JRGrant (Syn .: Guzmania virescens var. Laxior L.B.Sm. ): This name was first published in 2002. It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in the cloud forest at an altitude of about 800 meters in Panama only in the province of Panamá . Guzmania foetida Rauh : It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in mountain forests at altitudes of around 1200 meters in Ecuador. Guzmania formosa H.Luther : It was first described in 2000. So far it has only been found epiphytically in dense stands in an oak forest at an altitude of about 2200 meters growing in the Municipio Urrao, Corregimiento de Pabon in the Colombian Antioquia. Guzmania fosteriana L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 600 to 1350 meters in Ecuador only in Pichincha. Guzmania fuerstenbergiana (Kirchoff & Wittmack) Wittmack : It thrives epiphytically in rainforests at altitudes from 0 to 1360 meters in Ecuador in Esmeraldas, Guayas, Imbabura, Pichincha, Bolivar and Napo. Guzmania fuquae H.Luther & Determann : It thrives on rocks at altitudes of 700 to 800 meters in Ecuador only in Esmeraldas. Guzmania garciaensis Rauh : It thrives in cloud forests at altitudes of around 2000 meters only in the Peruvian Amazon region. Guzmania glaucophylla Rauh : It thrives terrestrially in cloud forests at altitudes of 2000 to 2300 meters only in the Peruvian region of Pasco. Guzmania globosa L.B.Sm. : It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 80 to 705 meters in Colombia and Peru. Guzmania glomerata Mez & Wercklé : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes from 0 to 2150 meters in Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Guzmania gloriosa (André) André ex Mez (Syn .: Guzmania columnaris Mez & Sodiro , Guzmania squarrosa forma lutea Oliva-Esteve ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania goudotiana Mez : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1200 to 2600 meters in Colombia. Guzmania gracilior Mez : It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically on open summit areas and slopes at altitudes of 705 to 2400 meters in Colombia. Guzmania gracilis H.Luther : It was first described in 2007. So far it has only been found thriving epiphytically in the primary forest at altitudes of about 610 meters only in the Peruvian region of Pasco . Guzmania graminifolia (André ex Baker) LBSm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 1250 to 1650 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania harlingii H.Luther : So far, it has only been found in the Reserva Endesa in the Ecuadorian province of Pichincha at altitudes of around 800 meters. Guzmania hedychioides L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives epiphytically in the cloud forest at an altitude of about 1700 meters in Venezuela only in Aragua. Guzmania henniae H.Luther : This endemic thrives epiphytically at an altitude of about 1050 meters in Ecuador only in Morona-Santiago. Guzmania herrerae H.Luther & WJKress : It thrives at altitudes of 600 to 700 meters in Costa Rica. Guzmania hirtzii H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of 1700 to 2500 meters in Ecuador in Napo and Tungurahua. Guzmania hitchcockiana L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 270 to 600 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania hollinensis H.Luther : This endemic thrives at an altitude of about 1300 meters in Ecuador only in Napo. Guzmania inexpectata H.Luther : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 600 to 700 meters in Ecuador in Esmeraldas. Guzmania inkaterrae Gouda & C.Soto : The species first described in 2012 occurs in Peru. Guzmania izkoi Manzanares & W.Till : It was first described in 2000. So far it has only been found epiphytic at an altitude of about 1620 meters growing Cordillera de los Guacamayos in the Pigui Yacu valley in the Ecuadorian province of Napo. Guzmania jaramilloi H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of 1100 to 2200 meters in Ecuador in Imbabura and Pichincha. Guzmania kalbreyeri (Baker) LBSm. : It thrives epiphytically in rainforests at altitudes of 2000 to 2600 meters in Colombia. Guzmania kareniae H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described in 2007. It thrives epiphytically in cloud forests at altitudes of 750 to 1100 meters only in the Ecuadorian province of Imbabura. Guzmania kentii H.Luther : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 1500 to 1700 meters only in the Ecuadorian province of Imbabura. Guzmania killipiana L.B.Sm. : It thrives terrestrially on moist slopes at altitudes from 1900 to 2800 meters in Peru only in Junin and in Bolivia only in Cochabamba. Guzmania kraenzliniana Wittmack : It thrives in very humid forests at altitudes of 705 to 2000 meters in Colombia. Guzmania kressii H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described in 2007. It thrives terrestrially or epiphytically at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters in Colombia only in Choco. Guzmania laeta H.Luther : It was first described in 2000. It thrives epiphytically or terrestrially at altitudes of 1250 to 1750 meters in Colombia only in Antioquia. Guzmania lehmanniana (Wittmack) Mez : It thrives at altitudes of 2200 to 2600 meters in Colombia only in Cauca. Guzmania lemeana Manzanares : It was first described in 2004. It thrives terrestrially or epiphytically in the forest on shrubs or small trees on a flat quartz plateau on which the development of plants is limited by nutrient deficiencies at altitudes of 1000 to 1200 meters only in the Ecuadorian province of Morona-Santiago. Guzmania leonard-kentiana H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described in 2009. So far it has only been found terrestrially growing at an altitude of about 1200 meters in the Peruvian region of San Martin. Guzmania lepidota (André) André ex Mez : This endemic thrives in dense forests only at the base of the Pululagua volcano at an altitude of about 2000 meters in the Ecuadorian province of Pichincha. Guzmania lindenii (André) André ex Mez : There are two varieties: Guzmania lindenii var. Concolor Rauh : This endemic thrives epiphytically in mountain forests at altitudes of around 1200 meters only in the Ecuadorian province of Junin. Guzmania lindenii var. Lindenii : It occurs in Peru. Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez (Syn: Guzmania lingulata var. Minor (Mez) LBSm. & Pittendr. ): It thrives epiphytically and lithophytically in forests from Guatemala via Central America to Colombia as well as Brazil and on the Caribbean islands. The varieties are controversial; she is involved as a parent in many hybrids: Guzmania lingulata var. Cardinalis (André) André ex Mez (Syn .: Guzmania cardinalis (André) Mez ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes from 0 to 1000 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania lingulata var. Concolor Proctor & Cedeño-Maldonado : It thrives terrestrially or epiphytically, mostly in stands at the base of tree trunks. It is widespread in Belize, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago and in northern South America with Bolivia as the southernmost location. Guzmania lingulata var. Flammea (LBSm.) LBSm. (Syn .: Guzmania minor var. Flammea L.B.Sm. ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 5 to 1000 meters in Colombia and Ecuador. Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. Lingulata (Syn .: Guzmania lingulata var. Splendens (Planch.) Mez ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 250 to 1100 meters in Belize, on the Caribbean islands and in South America to Bolivia as well Brazil. Guzmania × litaensis H.Luther : This natural hybrid of Guzmania rosea × Guzmania testudinis thrives at altitudes of 500 to 600 meters only in the Ecuadorian province of Esmeraldas. Guzmania loeflingiana BY.Vivas & B.Hoist : It was first described in 2013. It thrives epiphytically in moist laurel and cloud forests at altitudes of 200 to 1600 meters Venezuela in Aragua, Falcon, Lara, Miranda and Yaracuy. Guzmania longibracteata Betancur & Salinas : It was first described in 2003. So far it has only been found epiphytically in a moist primary forest at an altitude of about 200 meters growing in Colombia in Vaupes. Guzmania longipetala (Baker) Mez : Colombia Guzmania loraxiana J.R.Grant : Panama Guzmania lychnis L.B.Sm. : Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador Guzmania macropoda L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania sprucei var. Dressleri Rauh ): Panama Guzmania madisonii H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania manzanaresiorum H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania marantoidea (Rusby) H.Luther (Syn .: Guzmania rionievensis Rauh ): Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia Guzmania megastachya (Baker) Mez (Syn .: Guzmania magna (Baker) Mez ): in the Lesser Antilles Guzmania melinonis rule (Syn .: Guzmania erythrocephala hort. Ex Baker ): Panama, the Greater Antilles, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil Guzmania membranacea L.B.Sm. & Steyermark : Venezuela Guzmania mitis L.B.Sm. : Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez : It thrives epiphytically or sometimes terrestrially in forests at altitudes of 2 to 2000 meters and iswidespreadfrom Florida to the Caribbean islands and Nicaragua to Brazil and Peru. There are two forms: Guzmania monostachia forma alba (Ariza-Julia) Gouda (Syn .: Guzmania monostachia var. Alba Ariza-Julia ) Guzmania monostachia forma monostachia (Syn .: Guzmania clavata (Lamarck) Urb. , Guzmania comosa Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. F. , Guzmania fragrans hort. Ex Baker , Guzmania laxa Mez & Sodiro ex Mez , Guzmania maculata hort. Ex Baker , Guzmania platysepala Mez et CFBaker , Guzmania sympaganthera (Ruiz & Pavon) Beer , Guzmania tricolor Ruiz & Pav. ) Guzmania morreniana (Linden hortus) Mez : Peru, Ecuador Guzmania mosquerae (Wittmack) Mez : Colombia, Ecuador Guzmania mucronata (Griseb.) Mez : Venezuela Guzmania multiflora (André) André ex Mez : Colombia, Ecuador Guzmania musaica (Linden & André) Mez : There are five varieties: Guzmania musaica var. Concolor L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania musaica var. Discolor H.Luther : Panama Guzmania musaica var. Musaica : Panama, Colombia Guzmania musaica var. Rosea H.Luther : Panama Guzmania musaica var. Zebrina Cutak : Panama Guzmania nangaritzae H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described from Ecuador in 2009. Guzmania nicaraguensis Mez & Baker ex Mez (Syn .: Guzmania bracteosa sensu Donn.-Smith non (André) André ex Mez ): Mexico, Central America Guzmania nidularioides L.B.Sm. & RWRead (Syn .: Guzmania kraenzliniana var. Macrantha L.B.Sm. ): Colombia Guzmania nubicola L.B.Sm. : Venezuela Guzmania nubigena L.B.Sm. : Venezuela Guzmania obtusiloba L.B.Sm. : Costa Rica, Colombia Guzmania oligantha Lozano : Colombia Guzmania osyana (E. Morren ) Mez (Syn .: Guzmania recurvobracteata Rauh ): Ecuador Guzmania pallida L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania palustris (Wittmack) Mez : Colombia Guzmania panamensis Cáceres González : It was first described from Panama in 2013. Guzmania paniculata Mez : Ecuador, Peru Guzmania pattersoniae Manzanares : It was first described from Ecuador in 2002. Guzmania patula Mez & Wercklé : Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil Guzmania pearcei (Baker) LBSm. : Colombia, Ecuador Guzmania pennellii L.B.Sm. : Colombia, Venezuela Guzmania plicatifolia L.B.Sm. : Costa Rica, Panama Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez : Venezuela, Lesser Antilles Guzmania polycephala Mez & Wercklé ex Mez : Costa Rica, Panama Guzmania poortmanii (André) André ex Mez : Ecuador Guzmania pseudodissitiflora H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described from Ecuador in 2008. Guzmania pseudospectabilis H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania pungens L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania puyoensis Rauh : Ecuador Guzmania radiata L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania rauhiana H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania regalis H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania remediosensis E. Gross : Bolivia Guzmania remyi L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania quitense . Hort ex Oeser , Guzmania melinonis var. Quitensis (hort ex. Oeser ) roughness ): Ecuador Guzmania retusa L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania cerifera Rauh & Barthlott ): Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, and probably also in Guyana Guzmania rhonhofiana Harms (Syn .: Guzmania roezlii sensu LBSm. Non (E. Morren ) Mez ): Colombia, Ecuador: Guzmania rhonhofiana forma variegata H.Luther : variegated form from Ecuador Guzmania roezlii (E. Morren) Mez : It is distributed from Colombia to Bolivia, Guyana and Brazil. Guzmania rosea L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania kennedyae L.B.Sm. & RWRead ): Colombia Guzmania roseiflora Rauh : Ecuador Guzmania rubrolutea Rauh : Ecuador Guzmania rugosa L.B.Sm. & RWRead : Colombia Guzmania sanguinea (André) André ex Mez : There are three varieties: Guzmania sanguinea var. Brevipedicellata Gilmartin : Ecuador Guzmania sanguinea var. Comosa H.Luther : Colombia Guzmania sanguinea (André) André ex Mez var. Sanguinea (Syn .: Guzmania sanguinea var. Erecta (André) Mez , Guzmania crateriflora (Mez & Wercklé) ex Mez ): Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago Guzmania scandens H.Luther & WJKress : Costa Rica, Panama Guzmania scherzeriana Mez : Central America, Colombia Guzmania septata L.B.Sm. : Ecuador Guzmania sibundoyorum L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania sieffiana H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania skotakii H.Luther : Costa Rica Guzmania sneidernii L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania spectabilis (Mez & Wercklé) J. Utley : Costa Rica Guzmania sphaeroidea (André) André ex Mez (Syn .: Guzmania geniculata L.B.Sm. , Guzmania venamensis L.B.Sm. ): It thrives terrestrially and epiphytically at altitudes of 1000 to 2280 meters and is from Colombia to Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and maybe Guyana spread. Guzmania sprucei (André) LBSm. (Syn .: Guzmania lellingeri L.B.Sm. & Read ): It thrives epiphytically and sometimes lithophytically in forests at altitudes of 100 to 1570 meters and occurs in Panama and Colombia. Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) LBSm. & Pittendrigh (Syn .: Guzmania cryptantha L.B.Sm. , Guzmania cryptantha var pauciflora L.B.Sm. ): It thrives epiphytically and sometimes terrestrially in forests at altitudes of 1100 to 1900 meters and is widespread from Colombia to Guyana and Peru. Guzmania stenostachya L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 1300 to 1900 meters in Costa Rica. Guzmania steyermarkii L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez ): It thrives terrestrially in forests at altitudes of 950 to 1400 meters in Venezuela only in the state of Bolívar and in the Lesser Antilles , whether it also occurs in Guyana is not certain. Guzmania straminea (K.Koch) Mez : It was first described on the basis of a specimen cultivated in Vienna, which may come from Colombia. Nothing is known about the distribution area and specimens are in culture. Guzmania striata L.B.Sm. : Ecuador Guzmania stricta L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania strobilantha (Ruiz & Pavón) Mez (Syn .: Guzmania brachycephala (Baker) Mez , Guzmania parviflora Ule ): Peru Guzmania subcorymbosa L.B.Sm. (Syn .: Guzmania compacta sensu LBSm. ): Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia Guzmania tarapotina Ule : Ecuador, Peru Guzmania tenuifolia (H.Luther) Betancur & Salinas : Peru Guzmania terrestris L.B.Sm. & Steyermark : Venezuela Guzmania testudinis L.B.Sm. & RWRead : There are two varieties: Guzmania testudinis var. Splendida H.Luther : Ecuador Guzmania Testudinis . Var Testudinis : Colombia Guzmania teucamae H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described from Panama in 2007. Guzmania teuscheri L.B.Sm. : Ecuador Guzmania triangularis L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania undulatobracteata (Rauh) Rauh : It is common in western Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Guzmania vanvolxemii (André) André ex Mez : Colombia Guzmania variegata L.B.Sm. : It is common in Ecuador and Peru. Guzmania ventricosa (Griseb.) Mez : Venezuela Guzmania verecunda L.B.Sm. : Colombia Guzmania victoriae Rauh : Peru Guzmania vinacea H.Luther & K.Norton : It was first described from Peru in 2008. Guzmania virescens (Hook.) Mez : It was first described on the basis of a cultivated specimen that may come from Venezuela. There are specimens in culture, but nothing is known for sure about their range. Guzmania viridiflora E. Gross : Peru Guzmania vittata (Martius ex Schultes f.) Mez : It is common in Colombia and Brazil. Guzmania weberbaueri Mez : Ecuador, Peru Guzmania wittmackii (André) André ex Mez : It is common in Colombia and Ecuador. She is involved in many hybrids. Guzmania xanthobractea Gilmartin : Ecuador Guzmania xipholepis L.B.Sm. : Peru Guzmania zahnii (Hook. F.) Mez : There are two varieties: Guzmania zahnii var. Longiscapa Rauh : This endemic thrives epiphytically at an altitude of about 1500 meters in Panama only in El Boquette. Guzmania zahnii (Hook. F.) Mez var. Zahnii : It was first described on the basis of a cultivated specimen that was collected in Panama in 1870 and bloomed in 1873. There are specimens in culture, but little is known about their range (Costa Rica, Panama). She is involved in many hybrids. Guzmania zakii H.Luther : Ecuador

use

Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens, and they are suitable as indoor plants .

Propagation and care as an ornamental plant

The horticultural propagation is mostly done by sowing . Also meristem is used in some varieties for proliferation.

The flowering time can take about half a year, depending on the species, after which the mother plant gradually dies. When cared for as an ornamental plant, the mother plant forms vegetative offshoots after flowering , so-called Kindel . If possible, these should remain connected to the mother plant for some time. Young plants need a partially shaded place with high humidity. Fully grown plants that have already begun to bloom will thrive anywhere there is enough light. There should always be enough water in the funnel before flowering.

photos

Some varieties that are used as ornamental plants:

• 

  Guzmania wittmackii hybrid ,
  breeder Corn. Bak,
  
  section of the inflorescence.

• 

  Guzmania hybrid 'Rana',
  breeder Corn. Bak,
  parents: G. wittmackii 'Red' × G. lingulata var. Cardinalis
  inflorescence with orange bracts and flower buds.

• 

  Guzmania lingulata var. Minor -hybride, (trade name is Guzmania minor ), popular small variety as a long-flowering house plant.

swell

• Yuribia Vivas: The genus Guzmania (Bromeliaceae) in Venezuela. Full text PDF from The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. (with distribution map and many photos)

literature

• Werner Rauh : Bromeliads. Tillandsia and other bromeliads worthy of culture. 3rd, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3 .
• Lyman B. Smith , Robert Jack Downs: Tillandsioideae. (Bromeliaceae) (= Flora Neotropica. Monograph 14, 2). Hafner, New York NY et al. 1977, ISBN 0-02-852520-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek} In "Species Index" click on Guzmania in Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). _{last accessed on April 8, 2015}
2. ↑ Jason R. Grant, An Annotated Catalog of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae. Online version from Selbyana. Vol. 19, No. 1, 1998, pp. 91-121.
3. ^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 (PDF; 321 kB) in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International . (PDF file; 314 kB)
4. ↑ ^{a b} Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Guzmania. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 16, 2018.
5. ^ ^{A b} Harry E. Luther, Karen F. Norton: Guzmania leonard-kentiana, another new species from Eastern Peru. In: Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Vol. 59, No. 3, 2009, ISSN  0090-8738 , pp. 102-103, ( digital version (PDF; 1.83 MB) ).
6. ^ Harry E. Luther, Karen F. Norton: Guzmania nangaritzae, a new species from Southeastern Ecuador. In: Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Vol. 59, No. 6, 2009, pp. 256-259, ( digital version (PDF; 1.78 MB) ).
7. ^ Harry E. Luther, Karen F. Norton: A new Guzmania from Southeastern Ecuador. In: Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Vol. 58, No. 6, 2008, pp. 255–256, ( digital version (PDF; 2.31 MB) ).
8. ^ Alfredo F. Fuentes, Tatiana Miranda, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Leslie Cayola, Manuel J. Macía, Peter M. Jørgensen: Novedades florísticas de la región Madidi, La Paz, Bolivia. In: Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2009, ZDB -ID 1501337-6 , pp. 293-313, ( digital version (PDF; 423 kB) ).
9. ^ Harry E. Luther, Karen F. Norton: Guzmania vinacea, a new species from northeastern Peru. In: Journal of the Bromeliad Society. Vol. 58, No. 5, 2008, pp. 203-204, ( digitized version (PDF; 3.47 MB) ).

Web links

Commons : Guzmania  - collection of images, videos and audio files