Radio and television in the Soviet Union

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The article Radio and Television in the Soviet Union deals with the radio history of the USSR . Regular radio broadcasts for the general public began in 1924.

organization

At the beginning, the organization of the radio was predominantly with a stock corporation called "Radio for All" ( Russian Радио для всех ), soon renamed “Radio broadcast” ( Russian Радиопередача Radioperedatscha ). In 1928 it was transferred to the People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraphs, in 1933 to the radio committee at the Council of People's Representatives ( Russian Всесоюзный комитет по радиофикации и радиовещаниС при3 on the Ministry of TV and TV 1955 on the Ministry of Television and Culture and finally created СНС при3 on the Ministry of Radio and Television 1955 СНК при СН- СН- СН- СН- Ра3 on the Ministry of Radio and Television - Gostelradio ( Russian Гостелерадио ). Long-time chairman was SG Lapin from 1970 to 1985. In 1991 Gostelradio became the Union-wide state television and radio company ( Russian Всесоюзная государственная телерадиокомпания ).

The Soviet Union was represented in the organizations OIRT ( Intervision ) and Intersputnik .

The successor to the Union-wide state television and radio company was the Russian state television and radio company Ostankino from the end of 1991 to 1995 , which ultimately merged into the Russia- wide state television and radio company WGTRK , which was founded in 1990.

Radio

Radio program 1929

The broadcasting of regular radio programs for the general public began in Moscow on October 12, 1924 by the Moscow trade union association MGSPS via the rented military transmitter " Popow " ( Sokolniki ) and on November 23, 1924 in the form of Radiogaseta ROSTA via the " Comintern " ( Callsign RA-1; Vosnesenskaja-, today Radio-Straße) on long wave . On January 22, 1925, MGSPS's own transmitter followed on medium wave . The legal basis for the transmitter operation was a regulation from 1923, the legal basis for the reception was a regulation of July 28, 1924, which also provided for a fee (the reception fee was abolished in 1962). The company Radioperedatscha began with the operation of transmitters throughout the country; In addition, there were broadcasters from various authorities, the Society of Radio Friends and (especially in Moscow and Leningrad) from trade unions. Current reports from the ROSTA news agency (later TASS ) and from newspapers, lectures and concerts were sent. In 1927 the Comintern transmitter was relocated to the Schuchow radio tower (Schabolowka Street) (40 kW ). At the beginning of 1928 there were over 60 transmitters in operation in the Soviet Union, three quarters of them in the European part of the country. In addition to wireless distribution, wire radio was used.

In mid-1928 the Radioperedatscha company was dissolved and its responsibilities transferred to the Ministry of Post. On October 29, 1929, the international service Radio Moscow ( Russian Московское радио ) began to broadcast regularly on the 100 kW union broadcaster WZSPS, which was opened in the same year, initially in German, English and French. In 1933 the Comintern transmitter got its third location in Noginsk (500 kW). The most famous spokesman for Soviet radio was Ju. B. Levitan , who began his announcements with the words: "Attention, Moscow speaks!" During the years of the war-related evacuation of the radio from Moscow, the front reporting was mainly at the Soviet Information Office .

From 1939 onwards, "Far ist mein Heimatland" (Far is my homeland) from I. Dunajewski was a pause sign .

{\ set Staff.midiInstrument = # "electric piano 1" \ key g \ major \ set Score.tempoHideNote = ## t \ tempo 4 = 60 \ skip2. d''8 d''8 << {g''4. fis``8} {b'2} >> << {e''8 fis''8 g''8 a''8} {c''2} >> << {g''4} {b '4} >> d' '\ skip2}

In 1945 and 1947 a second and third, in 1960 and 1963 a fourth and fifth program of the Union-wide radio ( Russian Всесоюзное радио ) were established. VHF broadcast was in the OIRT band . In 1964, the second program was given the name " Mayak " ( Russian Маяк , lighthouse ) as a music program . In addition to their first program, which was largely taken over from Moscow, the Union Republics began to set up second programs in the language of the respective republic, some of which were also given their own names. From 1962, the youth wave “Junost” was broadcast temporarily on the first program (similar to DT64 at the beginning without its own frequency). From the 1970s, the first program was distributed over the Orbita system in several versions with a time delay . As a result of glasnost and perestroika , the first non-governmental radio programs started in 1989/90 (youth radio M-1 in Vilnius , information radio Echo Moskwy ).

In Russia Mayak is continued after 1991 , while Radio Rossii receives the first channel, Radio-1 (until 2010) as the successor to the first channel, and Junost (until 2014) receives its own frequency; In 1996 the fourth program was replaced by Radio Orfei .

watch TV

Mechanical television started in Moscow in 1931. In 1935, two 100 kW transmitters were in use: RZS (Radio-Zentrum Satischje ) for the picture, the trade union broadcaster WZSPS for the sound. In 1938 television centers were set up in Moscow (Shabolovka) and Leningrad (Aptekarski Island). During the Second World War there was no television, only again in 1945. In 1956 a second (Moscow) program started.

From 1949 to 1951 and from 1957 television was separated from radio; the name was now Central Television ( Russian Центральное телевидение ). An education channel began in 1965, a fourth program in 1967, and the main news program Vemja ( Russian Время , time ) in 1968 . Color television was introduced between 1967 and 1977 ( Secam ). Starting in 1971, the first program was distributed in several versions via the Orbita system , the Leningrad program became the fifth, and a sixth program with a focus on technology was launched. In 1982 a restructuring took place: the fourth program became the second (now as "Dubl" also with a delay), the third became a regional program (also with its own programs for the Union republics), the education channel was continued as the fourth program. In 1989, the Moscow program shared airtime with the first commercial channel 2 × 2 . Sennheiser MD 441 microphones were used in several programs .

In Russia, after 1991 the first program was continued as the 1st Ostankino Canal (from 1995 Pervy Canal ), the second as Rossija 1 , the Moscow program in 1997 as TWZ , the fourth as the 4th Ostankino Canal (from 1994 NTW ), the fifth in 1997 as RTR Kultura and the sixth in 1993 as TW-6 (2003-09 RTR Sport ).

Broadcast press

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Постановление Совета Труда и Обороны от 13 июля 1928 г. "О реорганизации радиовещания"
  2. ↑ Постановление СНК СССР от 27. ноября 1933 г. N 2574 "Положение о Всесоюзном комитете по радиофикации и радиовещанию при СНК Союза ССР"
  3. ↑ Постановление Совмина СССР от 6. сентября 1957 г. N 1076 "Об утверждении Положения о Государственном комитете по радиовещанию и телевидидению при СоветеС"
  4. ↑ Постановление СНК СССР от 4. июля 1923 г. "О радио-станциях специального назначения"
  5. ↑ Постановление СНК СССР от 28 июля 1924 г. "О частных приемных радиостанциях" ( memento of the original from August 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lawrussia.ru
  6. ↑ Временные таксы абонементной платы за пользование приемными радиостанциями
  7. ↑ Постановление Совета Министров СССР от 18 августа 1961 г. N 768 "Об отмене регистрации в предприятиях связи радиоприемников и телевизоров и взимания абонементной платы за пользование ими "
  8. ↑ Постановление Всесоюзного комитета по радиофикации и радиовещанию при СНК СССР от 3 февраля 1935 гг. N 15 “Об узловом радиовещании” ; Постановление Всесоюзного комитета по радиофикации и радиовещанию при СНК СССР от 11 августа 1935 г. N 116 "Об улучшении радиовещания на узлах"
  9. ↑ Carola Tischler: Funk in Fesseln . In: Stormy awakenings and disappointed hopes (2006), p. 1025
  10. ↑ AsSSR " Aras " 1964; GSSR “ Mtatsminda ” 1965; USSR "Promin" 1965; KasSSR “Schalqar”, German “Weite” 1966; ESSR “ Vikerraadio ” 1967; MSSR “ Luceafărul ”; ArSSR "Ziazian", German 'rainbow'
  11. ↑ News broadcasts in the Union Republics: ArSSR “Համայնապատկեր” Hamajnapatker ; AsSSR "Ҝүнүн екраны" Günün ekranı ; BSSR “Панарама навiн”; ESSR “Aktuaalne kaamera” (from 1956); KiSSR "Ала-Тоо"; LSSR “Panorāma” (from 1958); LiSSR "Panorama"; MSSR “Панорама”; TaSSR "Ахбор"; USSR "Актуальна камера"; UsSSR "Ахборот"
  12. ↑ sound_light: Sennheiser MD 441 - побеждая ВРЕМЯ. In: sound_light. January 11, 2012, accessed August 31, 2020 .