Ostankino TV tower
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Ostankino TV tower
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| Basic data | |||||||||
| Place: | Ostankinski in the Northeast Administrative District | ||||||||
| City with subject status: | Moscow | ||||||||
| Country: | Russia | ||||||||
| Coordinates: 55 ° 49 ′ 11 ″ N , 37 ° 36 ′ 42 ″ E | |||||||||
| Use: | TV tower , telecommunications tower , radio transmitter , revolving restaurant , observation tower | ||||||||
| Accessibility: | TV tower open to the public | ||||||||
| Tower data | |||||||||
| Construction time : | 1963-1967 | ||||||||
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| Operating time: | since 1967 | ||||||||
| Last renovation (tower) : | 2000-2009 | ||||||||
| Total height : | 540 m | ||||||||
| Total mass : | 55,000 t | ||||||||
| Enclosed space : | 70,000 m³ | ||||||||
| Data on the transmission system | |||||||||
| Last modification (antenna) : | Late 2003 | ||||||||
| Waveband : | FM transmitter | ||||||||
| Radio : | VHF broadcasting | ||||||||
| Send types: | Analog television , DVB-T, directional radio | ||||||||
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| Position map | |||||||||
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The Ostankino TV tower ( Russian Останкинская телебашня ) is a radio and television tower in Moscow . It is the tallest structure in Europe and, originally 537 meters high, was the tallest free-standing structure in the world from its completion in 1967 to 1975 . After the Tokyo Sky Tree , the Canton Tower and the CN Tower , it is the fourth tallest television tower in the world . The tower, located eight kilometers north of the city center, was built from 1963 to a design by Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Nikitin and was an annual attraction for around 200,000 visitors until the first fire in August 2000. After renovation work, it has been open to the public again since 2009.
Its height was exceeded in 1976 by the 553 meter high CN Tower in Toronto .
location
The Ostankino TV tower is located in the northeastern administrative district of Moscow in the Ostankinski district. The green open space on which the tower is located is bordered to the north by the main street, Ulitsa Akademika Koroljowa . To the southeast of the tower is the Koroljow concert hall named after this street ( Russian Концертный зал “Королёвский” ), which is used for various major events. To the north extends the extensive Ostankino Park , a former estate of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev with a manor house and several lakes and ponds in the Moscow Botanical Garden . To the southwest of the television tower is the Ostankino stop on the Moscow – St. Petersburg , on which local trains run from the Leningrad train station in the direction of Zelenograd , Klin and Tver , among others . The Moscow monorail runs along the Ulitsa Akademika Koroljowa, the stations of which are Telezentr and Uliza Akademika Koroljowa near the tower. The terminus of several tram lines is near the visitor center ; the trolleybus and other bus lines stop right at the entrance to the visitor center. The nearest underground station is VDNKh , about two kilometers east of the television tower.
history
Planning and construction
With a decree of the Ministry of Communications of March 17, 1959, the contract for the design of the Moscow TV tower was awarded. Fritz Leonhardt , designer of the Stuttgart television tower that served as a model and was completed in 1956 , gave the planners important advice. Detailed building designs were approved on May 16. Initially, a plot of land in the southwest of Moscow was planned as the location, but this was then relocated to the Ostankino district. Another ordinance dated August 12, 1960 provided the city with two television channels, one radio station and a color television program called Igla. In April 1961, doubts arose about the stability of the subsoil. It was not until July 1962 that a reliable solution for foundations was found after extensive research. The final building permit was granted on March 22, 1963.
Fire disaster
In a fire on August 27, 2000, four people, three firefighters and an elevator operator, were killed when an elevator crashed. The fire broke out at a height of 450 meters, suspected to be a short circuit. The tower suffered so much damage to its structure that demolition was even considered. Because of the danger of collapse, a safety zone of 700 meters was set up around the tower one day after the fire. The observation deck and the 7. Himmel restaurant were closed for renovation for several years.
Due to a misinterpreted official report, some international daily newspapers reported in 2003 that the Ostankino Tower was 40 meters higher than before, namely 580 meters, thanks to a new antenna. A new antenna was installed, but the height was not changed. Another new antenna was planned, but funding was not secured. The realization of such plans now seems unlikely, since the tower can no longer become the tallest structure in the world due to higher buildings that are now under construction or already completed (e.g. Burj Khalifa , Shanghai Tower , Canton Tower , One World Trade Center ) .
On May 25, 2007, Russian news agencies reported the outbreak of a fire again, this time at a height of 340 meters, which was extinguished at around 11:50 a.m. The cause was welding work on an external suspension.
The viewing platforms have been open to the public again since April 7, 2009, and the restaurants have now reopened.
description
Architecture and technology
The Ostankino television tower stands on a ring foundation with a diameter of 74 meters that protrudes 3.5 meters into the ground. Its tower base consists of a 63 meter high truncated cone with ten trapezoidal recesses. There are portholes of different sizes above it . The shape of the unusual stilt-like tower base is based on the flora; Tree trunks similarly soar into the sky. The Ještěd television tower in the Czech Republic , which was also started in the 1960s, has a similar appearance . The Ochsenkopf television tower and the Pyongyang television tower are also similar in shape to the Ostankino television tower.
The diameter of the tower shaft tapers from 18 to 8.10 meters. The concrete part is 385 meters high. This is followed by a steel mast as an antenna carrier. In the shaft there are three storeys inaccessible to the public at a height of 147, 243 and 269 meters. Ring platforms for directional radio antennas and wind gauges, as well as individual floors for broadcasting purposes, protrude at different heights . The foot and the shaft encompass a total of over 70,000 cubic meters of enclosed space. The total area of all floors is 15,000 square meters.
The actual tower cage is at a height of 325 to 360 meters and has eight floors. A cylindrical projectile protrudes from its basic cylindrical shape from the center.
The three high-speed elevators (7 m / s) and one freight elevator (4 m / s) and a lifting height of 385 m each were supplied by the Stuttgart company R. Stahl . At that time they were the highest elevators built in Europe, new technical solutions had to be found for signal transmission and to compensate for tower movements and temperature differences.
Public facilities
In 58 seconds, visitors can take the elevator to the viewing platform with glass windows in the floor at a height of 337 meters. A speed of up to 7 meters per second is achieved. There are strict security precautions comparable to those at an airport. Bags must be handed in for safekeeping, but cameras can be picked up. The sightseeing tour takes place on the hour as a guided excursion. First, technical and historical details are explained on the ground using a model. Even after the driveway, further information is given while you can enjoy the view. The revolving restaurant is now accessible again. After almost an hour you will be back at the foot of the tower to pass the security gates. (As of September 2016)
Frequencies and Programs
The Ostankino television tower currently broadcasts 19 television and 15 radio programs. The tower sent the first radio signals on November 7, 1967. Over the years, the transmission strengths of the antennas were improved and their number increased.
Broadcast television programs
| program | channel | ERP | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perwy canal | 1 | 40 kW | |
| TV center | 3 | 40 kW | |
| Rossiya 2 | 6th | 1 kW | |
| NTW | 8th | 40 kW | |
| Rossiya 1 | 11 | 60 kW | |
| TV Daryal | 23 | 10 kW | |
| Euronews | 25th | 10 kW | |
| STS - Moscow | 27 | 5 kW | |
| 7 TV | 29 | 10 kW | |
| Pervy kanal , Rossija 1 , Rossija 2 , Rossija 24 , Rossija K , NTW , St. Petersburg - 5th channel , Radio Rossii , Radio Mayak , Vesti FM | 30th | 1 kW | DVB-T , MPEG-4 AVC . |
| Domashniy | 31 | 20 kW | |
| DVisionSpice, DVisionNews, DVisionLive, TV1000 | 32 | 1.3 kW | DVB-T |
| Rossiya K | 33 | 20 kW | |
| TNT | 35 | 5 kW | |
| MTV | 38 | 10 kW | |
| St. Petersburg - 5th channel | 40 | 5 kW | |
| TV-3 Russia | 46 | 5 kW | |
| РЕН | 49 | 20 kW | |
| MUS-TW | 51 | 20 kW | |
| Zvezda | 57 | 5 kW | |
| 2x2 | 60 | 5 kW |
Broadcast radio programs
| program | frequency | ERP |
|---|---|---|
|
Radio Rossii , Radio Podmoskovie, Radiocompany Moscow |
66.44 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Junost | 68.84 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Mayak | 67.22 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Jewropa Pljus | 69.80 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Russkoye Radio | 71.30 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| Radio Orfei | 72.14 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Radio retro | 72.92 MHz | 15.0 kW |
| Echo Moskvy | 73.82 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| Radio retro | 88.30 MHz | 1.0 kW |
| Radio jazz | 89.10 MHz | 1.0 kW |
| Classic radio | 100.90 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| Dinamit FM | 101.20 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| Radio maximum | 103.70 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| Russkoye Radio | 105.70 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| Jewropa Pljus | 106.20 MHz | 10.0 kW |
Picture gallery
Exhibition in the entrance hall of the tower
The viewing platform
Looking west. In the center of the picture you can see the track of the St. Petersburg – Moscow railway line .
View through one of the glass windows in the floor of the observation deck
literature
- Erwin Heinle , Fritz Leonhardt : Towers of all times, of all cultures. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-421-02931-8 , page 240.
- Friedrich von Borries , Matthias Böttger, Florian Heilmeyer: TV Towers - television towers, 8,559 meters in politics and architecture , Jovis Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-86859-024-1 , pages 52–63.
- Roland Gööck : The new wonders of this world. Praesentverlag, 1976, pp. 68-71.
- Express elevators in the Moscow TV tower. in: Schweizerische Bauzeitung , issue 33, August 13, 1970, p. 741. ( here online , PDF)
- Moscow built the tallest tower in the world. in: Gottfried kurz: World wonders of the 20th century. VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 1970, pp. 67–84.
- "Why did the Ostankinski Tower withstand?" - ABTrinker, the magazine "Technologie der Betons", № 3-4.2016, pp. 24–26.
Reception in art
- Metro 2033 (computer game) (2010): location of the final in post-apocalyptic Moscow
- Night Guard (1998), by Sergei Lukjanenko : The narrator's battle with a dark "other"
Web links
- Ostankino TV tower. In: Structurae
- Official website of the Ostankino TV tower (Russian / English)
- Pictures of the construction of the Ostankino television tower
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Ostankino TV Tower Moscow
- ↑ Germany, your Protzstengel , FAZ online, September 22, 2008, accessed on August 25, 2012.
- ^ Spiegel-Online: Moscow TV Tower. After the fire, there is a risk of demolition , 29 August 2000
- ^ Spiegel-Online: Moscow. Fire in the television tower - extinguished , May 25, 2007
- ↑ diepresse.com: Moscow: Ostankino TV tower reopened , August 26, 2009 ( Memento from July 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Franz Plötzl: constructions in nature and in the built environment ( Memento of 6 September 2013 Internet Archive )
- ^ Werner Nachtigall: Bau-Bionik: Nature, Analogies, Technology , Springer Verlag 2003, ISBN 978-3-540-44336-0 , page 141.
- ^ Ostankino Television Tower: General Information ( Memento from July 4, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ETH Zurich: Schweizerische Bauzeitung, 88th volume, issue 33 from August 13, 1970: Express elevators in the Moscow television tower. Retrieved October 17, 2019 .
- ^ Ostankino Television Tower: Services in Air Television and Radio Broadcasting ( Memento of December 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
| before | Tallest building in the world | after that |
| Empire State Building | (537 m) 1967-1975 |
CN Tower |