Hans Schumacher (architect)
Hans Schumacher (born July 19, 1891 in Bonn ; † April 11, 1982 in Kürten ), actually: Johannes Christian Schumacher , was a German architect who mainly worked in Cologne . During the Weimar Republic , the architect designed various Cologne villas in the New Building style. In the 1950s he followed up on the formal language of the pre-war period; the architecture of his buildings from this time were in the tradition of the Bauhaus . He is considered one of the protagonists of modernism in Cologne.
Life
Schumacher spent his childhood in Bonn, where he passed the high school diploma in 1909. This was followed by an internship in a Bonn lighting factory. The family moved to Kiel in 1910 . There he attended the arts and crafts school . Until the First World War he worked in the office of the architect Georg Metzendorf . At the end of the war, Schumacher was taken prisoner by the British in France, where he worked in an architecture firm subordinate to the army. In 1920 he was released from captivity and began to work for the Berlin architect Peter Behrens . In 1922 he left Berlin and worked for Theo Pabst , Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot and the Cologne architect Theodor Merrill . In 1923 he opened his own interior design studio in Cologne. The furnishings he designed were functional and elegant and consisted of fine materials such as rosewood and cedar wood . Contacts arose with the Cologne bourgeoisie, who now also gave him orders for their houses.
Workers' press pavilion
In 1928 Schumacher received the order to build a pavilion for the workers' press at the international press exhibition "Pressa" in Cologne. In addition to Schumacher, well-known architects such as Otto Bartning , Bernhard Hoetger , Erich Mendelsohn , Wilhelm Riphahn and Caspar Maria Grod created exhibition buildings here. In Schumacher's pavilion, the press products of the two largest political and trade union workers 'organizations (workers' organization of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the General German Trade Union Federation ) were presented; the history and importance of the labor press should be shown. The pavilion created by Schumacher was a steel frame building, the brick walls of which stepped up in front of the column grid, so that the principle of support and load was abolished and the architect could arrange narrow horizontal ribbon windows for optimal illumination.
In addition to the pavilion built by Mendelsohn for the Rudolf Mosse publishing house in Berlin , the Schumacher pavilion was one of the most important exhibition structures of the New Objectivity. The architect became known nationwide with his project; contemporary art criticism now counted him among the most important architects of the avant-garde in the Rhineland.
Villas in Cologne
From 1929 to 1934, Schumacher built residential buildings in the Cologne suburb of Rodenkirchen , where many artists and intellectuals lived. Stylistically, they tied in with his “Pressa” pavilion.
In 1930 he was commissioned by Heinrich Hussmann , who had taught at the Cologne factory schools since 1927, to build a house in Rodenkirchen. Since the property was to be erected in the floodplain of the Rhine , Schumann decided on a reinforced concrete skeleton construction , which was filled in with alluvial stones so that the floor plan could be freely arranged and there was little exposure to possible flooding on the ground floor. He designed the house in the style of New Building. In order to preserve the old trees that darkened the property, the architect only created ancillary rooms on the ground floor. The living rooms and bedrooms on the 1st and 2nd floors were given wide windows corresponding to the column grid. The 3rd floor was designed as a roof garden and rest area. The rectangular building, which is elongated in the ground plan, is joined to the north by a semicircular stair tower, which ensures vertical access. The design of the villa is inspired by Le Corbusier's Stuttgart house . A floor area of 70 m² was built on the 400 m² property.
In the following, Schumacher built further houses in the area around the Hussmann Villa. This group of buildings, later referred to as the “artist colony”, was built on a total area of around 4000 m² by 1933. Here, the villas Im Park 2 , 6 and 8 (for the entrepreneur Otto Loosen ) and Walter-Rathenau-Str. 29 designed by him. The Villa Im Park 6 was called "Haus Nacken". It was demolished in 2011 because it had only been rebuilt in a simplified manner after the war and was the only object in the ensemble that was not listed. Other buildings in the colony were designed by the architects Theodor Merrill ( Uferstrasse 11 ) and Josef Op Gen Oorth ( Walter-Rathenau-Strasse 27 ). According to a classification by Falk Jaeger (in his standard work “Building in Germany”), the ensemble was one of the “most remarkable testimonies of New Objectivity” in Germany due to its purity of style and cohesion.
Educational institutions
After the Second World War , Schumacher mainly designed school and university buildings. This includes the grammar schools in Viersen and Hamm . The listed Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium in Cologne-Ehrenfeld was built at the end of the 1950s . In 1954 Schumacher won the competition for the new building of the Pedagogical Academy . He realized the project in 1957. Because of the architectural quality of the building, this building complex was also placed under monument protection. He was called "School Schumacher" by his employees. He was employed as a specialist judge in relevant architecture competitions.
In 1967 Schumacher gave up his architecture office in Cologne.
Other structures (selection)
- 1914, Bübchenbrunnen for the Cologne Werkbund exhibition , Cologne, today Bonn
- 1924, Villa, Bayenthalgürtel 35 , Marienburg , Cologne
- 1925, double villa, Bayenthalgürtel 49/51 , Marienburg, Cologne, clients: building contractor Franz Fischer and butcher Josef Seffen
- 1942, several church bunkers in Cologne
- 1950, several residential buildings, occupation buildings, Lindenallee , Marienburg, Cologne, client: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Besatzungsbauten (AGB)
- 1950, several residential buildings, occupation buildings, Tiberiusstrasse , Marienburg, Cologne, client: British Army
- 1953, office and commercial building, Ludwigstrasse 6 , Cologne, client: Rheinische Girozentrale and Provinzialbank Cologne (see photo)
- 1957, seminary and archbishop's house, Kardinal-Frings-Straße 8–12 , Altstadt-Nord , Cologne; together with master builder Willy Weyres (see photo)
literature
- Susanne Willen: The Cologne architect Hans Schumacher: his life's work until 1945 . In: Günther Binding (ed.): Publications of the Department of Architectural History of the Art History Institute of the University of Cologne , 57, Cologne 1996, p. 326/327, ISSN 0940-7812 (also dissertation University of Cologne, 1995) [not yet for this Article evaluated]
- Clemens Klemmer, The New Building in the Rhineland: Hans Schumacher (1891-1982): an architect of the avant-garde in the Rhineland , in: Werk, Bauen + Wohnen , Heft 1/2 ( Architecture and Water ), Volume: 75 (1988), p . 76f. doi : 10.5169 / seals-56970
Web links
- Literature by and about Hans Schumacher in the catalog of the German National Library
- Hans Schumacher. In: arch INFORM .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Back to the start: Architect , website of the Human Sciences Faculty of the University of Cologne
- ↑ storybook Cologne , factory shop Conzen Art Service
- ^ A b Barbara Schlei and Uta Winterhager (editors), Bauhaus in Cologne? Single-family houses in the New Building style , April 15, 2009, koelnarchitektur.de
- ↑ a b No longer "stylish and closed": Bauhaus villa in Cologne demolished , August 27, 2011, BauNetz
- ^ Albertus Magnus Gymnasium, Cologne , website of Schmitz / Reichard GmbH
- ↑ Versatile, modern and yet adaptable - Successful integration into the monument inventory, March 6, 2014, Alho company website
- ^ Archbishop moves into renovated bishop's house , September 3, 2014, Archdiocese of Cologne
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schumacher, Hans |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 19, 1891 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bonn |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 11, 1982 |
| Place of death | Kürten |