Hatvan
Hatvan | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
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State : | Hungary | |||
Region : | Northern Hungary | |||
County : | Heves | |||
Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Hatvan | |||
Coordinates : | 47 ° 40 ′ N , 19 ° 40 ′ E | |||
Area : | 66.17 km² | |||
Residents : | 20,332 (Jan. 1, 2011) | |||
Population density : | 307 inhabitants per km² | |||
Telephone code : | (+36) 37 | |||
Postal code : | 3000 | |||
KSH kódja: | 22309 | |||
Structure and administration (as of 2015) | ||||
Community type : | city | |||
Mayor : | Richárd Horváth (Fidesz-KDNP) | |||
Postal address : | Kossuth tér 2 3000 Hatvan |
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Website : | ||||
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) |
Hatvan (German Hottwan ) is a northern Hungarian city in Heves County .
location
The city is located about 60 km northeast of Budapest ("Hatvan" is the Hungarian word for sixty) on the Zagyva River not far from the Mátra Mountains . It is the administrative seat of the small area of the same name .
history
In the area around Hatvan, settlement remains from the period between 5000 and 2500 BC have been found. Dug up. The remains of a watchtower from Roman times were discovered near the Strázsa mountain. Since April 12-13 In the 19th century, a trade route ran through the medieval village of Hatvan, as it was here that the Zagyva could be safely crossed. From 1264 there was a Premonstratensian monastery in Hatvan . The place received the rank of a market town in the 15th century , before the Turks occupied the place from 1544 to 1686.
In 1746 Hatvan came into the possession of Count Antal Grassalkovich I , who had a castle built here and brought German settlers from the archbishopric of Cologne and Trier into the country. In the period that followed, a cloth factory started operations. After Hatvan was connected to the railway network, Italian, German and Czech workers as well as Greek and Jewish traders settled in the village. The industrial development of the place began with the construction of a sugar factory in 1889 by the industrial family Deutsch-Hatvany. Hatvan's traffic situation as a railway junction led in 1944 to the construction of a collection camp for Hungarian Jews from the Hatvan, Gyöngyös and Pásztó area , from which transports to concentration camps were carried out. The Hatvan railway was also the target of the air raid on September 21, 1944, in which around 600 people died.
After World War II , Hatvan was raised to the rank of town in 1945. At the time of the People's Republic of Hungary, agriculture and the local processing industry were nationalized. From 1990 Hatvan changed from the regional center for agricultural products to an industrial and service location in the Budapest metropolitan area. The town twinning that has arisen since that time is a sign of the now international orientation of the place.
Twin cities
- Kokkola , Finland , since 1989
- Maassluis , Netherlands since 1992
- Tavarnelle Val di Pesa , Italy since 1996
- Jarocin , Poland since 1997
- Târgu Secuiesc , Romania , since 1998
Transport and economy
Hatvan has been connected to the Hungarian railway network since 1867. With connections to Budapest in the west, Füzesabony in the east, Salgótarján in the north and Jászberény in the south, Hatvan has developed into an important railway junction that is frequented by 160 passenger trains every day. There is also a good road connection to Budapest and Debrecen with the M3 (E71) motorway .
The first commercial enterprises to settle in Hatvan were based on agricultural products. In 1884 the industrial family Deutsch-Hatvany founded a sugar factory in Hatvan. After the nationalization during the time of the People's Republic of Hungary, the company, which has been part of the German Nordzucker Group since 2003, was re-privatized in 1991 . Tomatoes, peas, cucumbers, peppers and other agricultural vegetables from the Hatvan area have been processed in the Aranyfácán (Golden Pheasant) canning factory since 1934. Other important employers in Hatvan are Matáv AG (Hungarian Telecom), Mol AG (Hungarian Motor Oil Works), Tigáz AG (natural gas company), Robert Bosch Elektronik GmbH and LKH LEONI Kábelgyár Hungaria Kft.
Sights and culture
The most important architectural monuments of the city are located in the central square of Hatvan, Kossuth Square. The late Baroque castle of Count Grassalkovich was built between 1754 and 1763 under the direction of the architects Ignác Oraschek and József Jung in two sections as a U-shaped building. The palace follows the so-called "Grassalkovich style", which was first used in Gödöllő Palace . The garden behind was originally designed in the French style and turned into a park based on the English model. Only fragments are left of the Italian fountains in the garden and the 32 former sculptures.
The architects Oraschek / Jung also designed the St. Adalbert Church, built 1751–1755 on Kossuth-Platz. A medieval church, which was destroyed in 1596, was located at this point. After several renovations, a department store is now located in the neighboring former cloth factory, which dates back to the 18th century. Another building on Kossuth-Platz is the former brewery designed by Jozsef Jung. After severe war damage, the Lajos Hatvany Museum is now located in the building.
The town hall of Hatvan is located on the site of the Premonstratensian monastery, which was destroyed in 1596. The building, erected in 1729, was initially built as a women's convent, then served as a school, salt house and pharmacy before the city administration moved here in 1862. Inside the building, vaults from the original building have been preserved, while the exterior of the building is the result of renovations from 1907.
People in Hatvan
The chateau built under Antal Grassalkovich I in Hatvan was a popular meeting place for intellectuals and artists, especially from the end of the 19th century to the 1930s. In the 1880s the castle was bought by the German family of Jewish descent who, after being raised to the nobility, named themselves "Hatvany" after the town. Prominent representatives of this family were the industrialist Sándor Hatvany-Deutsch , the painter and art collector Ferenc von Hatvany and the writer Lajos Hatvany . The Hatvanys' guests included Zsigmond Móricz , Endre Ady , Attila József and Thomas Mann , who visited Hatvan several times.
literature
- Karl Siegmeth: From Oderberg to Budapest. Through the Sillein-Galanta valley and through the Hungarian mountain towns of Ruttka-Hatvan . Orell Füssli, Zurich 1889. ( Gradually through Hungary . Volume 2: European Wanderbilder )
- Bela Szepes (Schütz): Hatvan hevesmegyei közseg törtenete (History of Hatvan Municipality in Heves County). Budapest 1940 (Hungarian)
Web links
- Hatvan website (Hungarian, English, German)
- Hatvan , in: A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (Hungarian)
- Aerial views of Hatvan
- Illustration by Daniel Meisner from 1625: Hattwan. Homo Homini Dæmon ( digitized version )
- Illustration by Johan Sibmacher from 1665: Conterfactur How Hatwan Was Conquered And Taken With Stormed Hand, September 3rd, Anno Dmi 1596 ( digitized version )