Crested quail

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Crested quail
Crested quail (Colinus cristatus)

Crested quail ( Colinus cristatus )

Systematics
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Chicken birds (Galliformes)
Family : Toothed quail (Odontophoridae)
Genre : Colinus
Type : Crested quail
Scientific name
Colinus cristatus
( Linnaeus , 1766)

The hood quail ( Colinus cristatus ) is a bird art of the genus Colinus from the family of quail (Odontophoridae). It lives from Central America to northern South America and on numerous islands in the Caribbean , such as the Netherlands Antilles .

features

The nominate form of the bonnet quail reaches a body length of 18 to 22 cm and a weight of 130 g. Males and females are similar to each other. In the male, the forehead and sometimes the entire skull and the long feathers of the hood are white or pale yellow-brown; sometimes the feathers of the hood are also dark. The skull of the female is predominantly brown or yellow-brown and spotted or dashed black. The nape and the sides of the neck are black with white spots, the throat is white, yellow-brown, tan or cinnamon-colored, sometimes with black spots or a black border on the side. Above the ear opening the feathers are white or yellow-brown, above and below a black or red-brown stripe runs. The top of the bonnet quail is finely speckled brown, gray and black, the shoulder feathers and umbrella feathers have terminal black spots. The edges of the feathers are often whitish or yellow-brown, on the underside they are brightly patterned white, yellow-brown, cinnamon and black.

The iris is brown, the beak black, and the feet pale bluish-gray.

distribution and habitat

The crested quail is native to Central America from the southwest of Costa Rica via Panama to Colombia. From there the distribution area extends over the whole of northern South America and islands of the Netherlands Antilles such as Aruba and Curacao to northeastern Brazil .

The natural habitat of the crested quail are grass savannahs , forest edges and the thickets of tropical and temperate zones.

Way of life

The crested quail looks for food on the ground, alternately scratching its feet. In doing so, it remains under cover, remains motionless so as not to be discovered, or moves quickly to the next spot. It feeds on seeds, fruits and insects. The breeding period begins in the middle to the end of the dry season or later, the young birds are in November fledge . The nest is hidden by grass, the clutch consists of up to 15 eggs.

Similar species

Similar species do not occur in the distribution area of ​​the crested quail in open landscapes, but only in dry forests.

In the past, the spotted quail with its subspecies was also assigned to the hooded quail. However, their distribution area is in northern Central America between Guatemala and northwestern Costa Rica and does not overlap with that of the crested quail. The spotted quail does not have a distinctive "hood" and can be distinguished from the hooded quail by the white speckled plumage of the belly.

Subspecies

13 subspecies are recognized. This is:

  • Colinus cristatus mariae Wetmore , 1962 - occurs in southwestern Costa Rica and the province of Chiriquí in northwestern Panama .
  • Colinus cristatus panamensis Dickey & van Rossem , 1930 - is widespread in the southwest of Panama.
  • Colinus cristatus decoratus ( Todd , 1917) - can be found in northern Colombia .
  • Colinus cristatus littoralis ( Todd , 1917) - can be seen in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northeastern Colombia.
  • Colinus cristatus cristatus ( Linnaeus , 1766) - nominate form , is native to northeast Colombia and northwest Venezuela as well as Aruba and Curaçao .
  • Colinus cristatus horvathi ( Madarász , 1904) - occurs in the mountains of the state of Mérida in northwestern Venezuela.
  • Colinus cristatus barnesi Gilliard , 1940 - is found in western central Venezuela.
  • Colinus cristatus sonnini ( Temminck , 1815) - its distribution area extends over the northern central Venezuela, the Guyanas into northern Brazil.
  • Colinus cristatus mocquerysi ( Hartert , 1894) - is present in northeast Venezuela.
  • Colinus cristatus leucotis ( Gould , 1844) - found in the valley of the Río Magdalena in north-central Colombia.
  • Colinus cristatus badius Conover , 1938 - is native to western central Colombia.
  • Colinus cristatus bogotensis Dugand , 1943 - her home is in northern central Colombia.
  • Colinus cristatus parvicristatus ( Gould , 1843) - can be found from east-central Colombia to south-central Venezuela.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Steven L. Hilty Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-02131-7 , p. 265.
  2. ↑ Luis Sandoval: Crested Bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) . Neotropical Birds Online (TS Schulenberg, Editor): The Cornell Lab of Neotropical Birds, Ithaca 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  3. ↑ IOC World Bird List Megapodes, guans, guineas & New World quail
  4. ↑ Alexander Wetmore, p. 5.
  5. ↑ Donald Ryder Dickey et al. a., p. 73.
  6. ↑ a b Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 6.
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné, p. 277.
  8. ↑ Gyula Madarász, p. 116.
  9. ^ Ernest Thomas Gilliard, p. 1.
  10. ^ Coenraad Jacob Temminck, pp. 451 & 737.
  11. ↑ Ernst Hartert, p. 37.
  12. ^ John Gould (1844), p. 133.
  13. ^ Henry Boardman Conover, p. 53.
  14. ↑ Armando Dugand, p. 194.
  15. ^ John Gould (1843), p. 106.

literature

  • Emmet Reid Blake: Manual of Neotropical Birds. Volume 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1977, ISBN 0-226-05641-4 , p. 447.
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 12th edition. tape 1 . Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1766 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Henry Boardman Conover: A new race of Bob White from the Cauca Valley, Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 51 , 1938, p. 53–54 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from Colombia and Bolivia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 30 , 1919, pp. 53–54 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Ernest Thomas Gilliard: Descriptions of seven new birds from Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1071 , 1940, pp. 1–13 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.0 MB ; accessed on April 8, 2015]).
  • Armando Dugand: Dos nuevas aves de Colombia . In: Caldasia . tape 2 , no. 7 , 1943, pp. 191-198 , JSTOR : 23640950 .
  • Gyula Madarász: New species of birds from Venezuela . In: Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici . tape 2 , 1904, pp. 115–116 ( publication.nhmus.hu [PDF; 372 kB ; accessed on April 8, 2015]).
  • John Gould: Mr. Prince exhibited to the Meeting, on the part of Mr. Gould, nine new Birds, collected during the recent voyage of HMS Sulfur, which together with Corypilus Dryas, exhibited by Mr. Gould at the meeting held on the 22nd November 1842, and Pteroglossus erythropygius and Pterocles personatus, exhibited by him on the 14th of February 1843, comprise the while of the ornithological novelties brought home by the expedition . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 11 , no. 126 , 1843, pp. 103-108 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • John Gould: Description of four new species of Ortyx . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 11 , no. 128 , November 1843, p. 132-134 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Ernst Hartert: Mr. E. Hartert exhibited some skins of Eupsychortyx, and remarked that among a number of bird-skins from Venezuela, recently received at Mr. Walter Rothschild's Museum at Tring are specimens of the Euprychortyx sonninii from the plain of Valencia, while from Cumaná, on the north coast of Venezuela, there was an apparently new species, which he proposed to call . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 3 , no. 17 , 1894, pp. 36-37 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Donald Ryder Dickey, Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: The Identity of Ortyx Leucopogon Lesson . In: The Condor . tape 32 , no. 1 , 1930, p. 72–73 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 188 kB ; accessed on April 8, 2015]).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Systematic notes concerned with the avifauna of Panama . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . tape 145 , no. 1 , 1962, pp. 1-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  • Coenraad Jacob Temminck: Histoire naturelle generale des pigeons et des gallinaces . tape 3 . JC Sepp & fils, Amsterdam 1815 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 8, 2015]).

Web links

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