Holy Cross Church (Kirchdorf)
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The Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche is a listed church in the Kirchdorf district of the city of Barsinghausen in the Hanover region in Lower Saxony .
To their Lutheran Holy Cross parish in the church district Ronnenberg in Sprengel Hannover the Church of Hanover also includes the chapel community in the neighboring district Barsinghäuser Langreder .
history
Kirchdorf is probably the oldest surviving village in the Deistermulde. The name does not necessarily mean that there was a church here from the beginning. Possibly the church only had some kind of ownership here. The location of the church suggests a great age.
According to the Corpus bonorum , a list of goods from 1734, the Kirchdorfer Church was a foundation of the Lords of Goltern . As early as 1294, Artus von Goltern tried to transfer the patronage of the chapel belonging to the Kirchdorf church in Langreder to the Wunstorf monastery .
The family still had church patronage in 1543 . After the extinction of those of Goltern , the lines of those of Alten from Großgoltern and Dunau alternated in patronage since 1559 .
In addition to the church in Kirchdorf and its chapel in Langreder, there was also a chapel in Helmercinghusen , donated by the von Goltern family in 1300 . The place went up after the Hildesheim collegiate feud in Kirchdorf's neighboring village Egestorf. In the 18th century, the places in the Kirchdorf tower vault were reserved for Egestorf churchgoers.
description
The originally Romanesque church was built from Wealden rubble stones and boulders .
The construction of the church probably began at the beginning of the 12th century. This is indicated by the Romanesque barrel vault in the tower vestibule. The church was built over several centuries.
tower
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The base of the tower is almost square with a side length of 6.3 m.
The tower has an ogival late Gothic entrance on its west side. A heavy round arch forms the transition from the tower to the nave.
There is a rectangular, Romanesque-covered niche above the entrance door. The cuboid below bears the inscription Ano * dni * 1 * 5 * 2 * 4 * .
Above the niche is a Romanesque tympanum decorated with a cross relief . The former purpose of the niche is unknown.
The tower has two coupled rectangular sound openings on each side . These have sandstone walls and simple bevels .
The tower was last redesigned in 1524. At that time, a new, higher spire had been put on it.
The spire collapsed in a storm in February 1715. Debris also penetrated the western vaulted ceiling. The roof of the ship was quickly patched. A nationwide collection was carried out for the repair of the tower , a loan was taken out and the construction changed for cost reasons. With a height of almost 15 m, the octagonal spire, built in the shape of a Spanish dome in 1717, is only half as high as the one before the collapse.
Ship and choir
The nave and the almost equally wide choir are together 24.5 m long and 8.5 m wide.
The oldest part of the building are the Romanesque pillars in the interior. The strongly protruding rectangular pillars have bases and transoms in the interior . On the outside there are low Gothic buttresses with bevel bases , coved cornices and pent roofs. The year 1474 can be read on the southwest buttress below the cornice.
During a renovation in 1474, the building was covered with three late Gothic ribbed vaults .
The cross-rib vaults are constructed from hollow-cutted sandstone ribs and pointed arched belt and shield arches made of bricks. While earlier descriptions emphasized the peculiarity of the juxtaposition of sandstone blocks for the ribs and bricks for the arches, shaped bricks were found in the plastered cross ribs during the renovation in 1982 . The almost completely preserved bricks were exposed and received their original color during the restoration.
During the late Gothic reconstruction of the originally Romanesque church in 1474, it was given a straight choir closure.
A door with a late Gothic frame is let into the north wall of the nave. The architectural style resembles the door frame of the tower. This Langredersche door used to be used by worshipers from the neighboring village.
sacristy
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Soon after the nave was rebuilt in 1474, a sacristy was added to the north side of the church.
The sacristy is covered by two ribbed vaults and has a stone gable on its north side. A narrow Gothic wall niche in bevelled walls under a high-profile pointed arch is particularly mentioned.
Furnishing
altar
The altar was built in 1982 from Deister sandstone blocks. The altar plate had previously served as a step in front of the church.
In 1976 a window designed by the Bremen glass painter Heinz Lilienthal was inserted into the window opening in the chancel, which had been walled up until then. The old altarpiece has been hanging on the sacristy wall ever since.
Bells
The three bells are believed to date from the 14th century. Since the lower tower area was too narrow after renovations, they could not be easily removed during the world wars.
The lower section of the tower has remained essentially unchanged since its reconstruction in 1524. The bells should therefore be on his upper floor since then.
The bells have diameters of 98 cm, 95 cm and 57 cm. They were apparently cast by the same, unknown master. They have no inscription. In addition to other decorations, the bells each have four high images of the crucified with Mary and John. The depiction of the crucified with legs drawn up shows the shape created in the 14th century.
organ
The first mention of an organ is from 1817. The church received a new instrument in April 1986.
Ceiling paintings
In the 16th century the vaults were decorated with late Gothic and Renaissance paintings. The paintings show figures of the apostles on the walls and wide ornamental bands on the round arches. In the 17th century the paintings were repaired or repainted in the old style. At a later time everything was whitewashed with lime.
During a renovation of the church interior in the early 1950s, traces of painting under several layers of lime and paint were noticed. The painstakingly uncovered remains of the ceiling painting were restored in 1952 and added to complete paintings. In the early 1980s, the paintings were cleaned and freshened up, and errors from the previous restoration were corrected.
chandelier
The chandelier in the middle vault dates from 1717. The other is a more recent replica.
Plaque
On the occasion of the 1125th anniversary of Kirchdorf, which was celebrated in 2017, a memorial plaque with a copy of the so-called king's certificate containing the oldest mention of the place was placed in the church .
The leak meck
A stone sculpture is walled in high above the entrance door on the west side of the tower below the sound openings . There is a legendary story about the church around the so-called Leck-meck-Männchen , which was built when this tower area was built . According to the story, the little man is reminiscent of an old dispute about the independence of the emerging parish of Kirchdorf from the Barsinghausen monastery , which, contrary to this depiction, came into being after the Kirchdorf church was built. The figure is interpreted as if the male were delivering a Swabian greeting to the neighboring town of Barsinghausen.
The weathered sculpture could be a devil or demon figure walled in at the height of the bells in the tower . This should be driven away by the hated sound of bells. The associated symbolism was not unusual at the time the Romanesque tower was built.
See also
Web links
- Website of the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirchengemeinde Kirchdorf und Langreder
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans-Herbert Möller (ed.), Henner Hannig (arrangement): Landkreis Hannover. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , Volume 13.1.) Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 1988, ISBN 3-528-06207-X , pp. 191–192, as well as p. 99 (map) and p. 305 (index)
- ↑ Heilig-Kreuz-Gemeinde Kirchdorf and Langreder Chapel. www.kirchenkreis-ronnenberg.de, accessed on November 22, 2019 .
- ^ Kirchdorf in: Naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Hannover (Hrsg.): The Deister. Nature. Human. Story . To Klampen, Springe 2017, ISBN 978-3-86674-545-2 , p. 352 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Kirchdorf, Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, monuments in: Naturhistorische Gesellschaft zu Hannover (ed.): Der Deister. Nature. Human. Story . To Klampen, Springe 2017, ISBN 978-3-86674-545-2 , p. 352-353 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Kirchdorf - From the history of a village on the Deister. City of Barsinghausen, December 22, 2016, accessed on November 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Kirchdorf . In: H. Wilh. H. Mithoff (ed.): Art monuments and antiquities in Hanover . First volume: Fürstenthum Calenberg. Helwing'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover 1871, p. 109–110 ( online [PDF; 15.1 MB ; accessed on March 11, 2017]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Helmut Steinert, Heinrich Weydandt: The Holy Cross Church . In: Stadt Barsinghausen (ed.): Kirchdorf - From the history of a village on the Deister . 1992, p. 19–43 ( online [accessed November 22, 2019]).
- ↑ Kirchdorf (Kirchdorf) in: Karl Kayser (ed.): The Reformation church visits in the Guelph lands 1542-1544 . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1897, p. 413–414 ( online [PDF; 25.9 MB ; accessed on October 3, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k History (s) about the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche zu Kirchdorf. Heilig-Kreuz-Kirchengemeinde Kirchdorf und Langreder, accessed on November 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kirchdorf . In: Carl Wolff (ed.): The art monuments of the province of Hanover . Issue 1: Districts of Hanover and Linden . Self-published by the provincial administration, Theodor Schulzes Buchhandlung, Hanover 1899, p. 87-90 ( online [PDF; 10.0 MB ; accessed on October 26, 2018]).
- ^ Frank Hermann: The oldest place celebrates its 1125th anniversary. www.haz.de , July 5, 2017, accessed on November 22, 2019 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 17 '59.2 " N , 9 ° 30' 6.6" E