Heinrich Bach (cartographer)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Karl Philipp Heinrich Bach , also Carl Philipp Heinrich Bach (born June 30, 1812 in Großingersheim , † December 15, 1870 in Stuttgart ) was a German officer , cartographer and geologist as well as typographer , draftsman and painter .

life and work

Bach was the illegitimate son of Jérôme Bonaparte and Ernestine Luise Pückler-Limburg (1784-1824), married Countess Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (her husband, Count Georg zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (1775-1855) was chamberlain and ordinance officer by Jérôme Bonaparte in the Russian campaign in 1812 ). Immediately after birth, Heinrich Bach was of the Notary Secretary Bach in Großingersheim adopted . The origin was not publicly known at that time.

Bach went to the Latin school in Markgröningen and Ulm and was from 1827 as a cadet in the Guide Corps of the Great Quartermaster Staff of the Royal Württemberg Army and was then trained at the military academy in Ludwigsburg at the request of the sovereign , together with his two half-brothers, the Jérôme Bonaparte there trained. The brothers became friends and Heinrich Bach regained access to the family of Jérôme Bonaparte (whom he met in Arenenberg ) and to other Bonapartes living in exile (the later Napoleon III grew up on Lake Constance and Bach followed him to his coronation Paris). In 1833 he resigned from the military at his own request and became an engineer topographer (cartographer) at the royal Württemberg statistical-topographical bureau in Stuttgart, where he became a civil servant in 1837. He worked on the great topographical atlas of Württemberg and also began to be interested in geology . In 1853 he published a treatise on geological maps, which was recognized by Alexander von Humboldt and which showed the connection between the shape of the landscape and geological formations, and in 1855 he first incorporated geological formations in a map with color coding, the geognostic overview map of Germany, Switzerland and neighboring countries Parts of the country (1: 1 million, 9 sheets, Perthes). A geological map of Central Europe (1 sheet) followed in 1859 . In the same year the geological mapping of Württemberg began, in which he participated as a cartographer. Work on it lasted until 1883, including Bach, Carl Ludwig Deffner , Oscar Fraas , Karl Eduard Paulus , Jacob Hildenbrand (1826–1904) and Friedrich August Quenstedt . Four of the 55 sheets 1: 50,000 come from him, and he was involved in eight.

In a treatise from 1869, Bach presented the spread of the glaciers in the Ice Age in Upper Swabia , distinguishing between two phases. He was one of the first to distinguish between several phases. After Bach's death there was a dispute about this: some pleaded for freezing ( Eugen Geinitz , Otto Martin Torell and others), others for two or more phases ( Albrecht Penck , Amund Helland , Felix Wahnschaffe , in southern Germany Josef Probst ). Bach's structure corresponds to the later distinction between the Riss and Würme Ice Age . According to Pfannenstiel, his maps showed exactly the course of the terminal moraines of the Worm Ice Age and the gravel deposits of the Rift Ice Age.

In 1870 his geographical map of Württemberg, Baden and Hohenzollern was published . Most recently he was working on geological mapping in Upper Swabia when he died unexpectedly of a heart attack.

In 1851 he received the great gold civil merit medal from Württemberg and the medal ben meriti from Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and in 1856 he was appointed captain.

Even as a young man, Bach frequented the royal court in Stuttgart, where he met the lady-in-waiting Sabine Ludovika von Stetten from the old South German nobility, whom he married. With her he had sons who inherited their father's talent for drawing and who devoted themselves to an artistic activity: Max Bach (1841–1914) and Hermann Bach (1842– before 1919). Ferdinand Sigismund Bach (1859–1939), who later called himself Bac , went to France via Austria. He was a well-known illustrator who also drew for the magazine "Vie Parisienne" and wrote for books and novel-like biographies. He also published his father's diaries.

Others

Of Napoleon's relatives, Lucien Bonaparte particularly had scientific inclinations (he researched the Etruscans and excavated ancient Roman art), and some of his descendants became naturalists: his son Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte and his grandsons Roland Bonaparte and Louis Lucien Napoleon Wyse , the son his daughter Letizia with Thomas Wyse , who explored the Isthmus of Panama. Louis Lucien Bonaparte first studied chemistry before becoming a well-known linguist.

Fonts

  • Theory of mountain drawing in connection with geognosy. With special consideration and information on the geognostic conditions of southwest Germany , Stuttgart: Schweizerbarth 1853. BSB digital
  • The ice age. A contribution to the knowledge of the geological conditions in Upper Swabia , In: “Annuals of the Verein für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg”, 25 (1869), pp. 113–128 Archive.org (reprinted several times in other journals such as “Isis” in Dresden 1870 and in the "negotiations of the Imperial Geological Institute", Vienna 1869)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Pfannenstiel: Philipp Heinrich Bach, a geologist from the Bonaparte family, historical sketch . In: “Reports Naturf. Ges. ”, Freiburg, Vol. 40, 1950, pp. 161-180, pdf
  2. ↑ According to Pfannenstiel, it was only made public in the 20th century by the descendants and by Friedrich Wencker-Wildberg in Das Haus Napoleon. History of a Sex published in 1939.
  3. ^ Bach, Geological Map of Central Europe near Gallica
  4. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth: History of Geology in Germany , Springer Spectrum 1999, p. 93; also Pfannenstiel, loc. cit.
  5. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth: History of Geology in Germany , p. 127

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Bach  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Bach, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bach, Karl Philipp Heinrich (full name); Bach, Carl Philipp Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German officer, cartographer and geologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 30, 1812
PLACE OF BIRTH Grossingersheim
DATE OF DEATH December 15, 1870
Place of death Stuttgart