Helmlings

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Helmlings
Pink Radish Helmling (Mycena rosea)

Pink Radish Helmling ( Mycena rosea )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae)
Genre : Helmlings
Scientific name
Mycena
( Pers. ) Roussel

The helmlings ( Mycena ) are a genus of fungi with small fruiting bodies from the helmling relatives family . The genus contains over 100 species in Europe alone. Usually they are small to tiny, tender-skinned mushrooms. They live saprotrophically on the ground or on dead wood. Some Mycena have beautifully colored hats, others stand out for their colored fins cutting, because the person sitting on them Zystiden pigments. There are also helmets which, when injured, secrete a white or colored milky sap and species show bioluminescence .

features

Macroscopic features

The appearance of the fruiting bodies is like a helmeting or nabling and in rare cases also like a carrot. Helmet-like means that the fruiting bodies are small and delicate and have a bell-shaped to conical hat and a long, slender stem. The hat is thin and grooved in most species. The surface of the hat is bare, flaky, fluffy, grainy or frosted. Sometimes the hat is covered with a gelatinous, peelable membrane. The lamellas are usually ascending, horizontal or arched and almost freely or narrowly attached to the stem or slightly sloping down. The spore powder is whitish. The stem can be fragile, cartilaginous or elastic-hard. The stem surface is partially or completely frosted, fluffy or bare. Sometimes the base of the stalk is enlarged to a disc or it is hairy and hairy. When injured, a milky juice emerges from the fruit bodies of some species, the presence and color of which are important determinants.

Microscopic features

The basidia have two or four pores. The spores are usually apple seed or teardrop-shaped, more rarely almost cylindrical or spherical and mostly amyloid . Few species of helmet ring have inamyloid spores. They are smooth and have no germ pore .

A microscopically important feature is the shape of the cheilocystid , which, in contrast to the pleurocystid, is almost always present. They can be club-shaped, upside-down pear-shaped, spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped or, less often, cylindrical. They are smooth, simply spindle-shaped or branched or they have differently shaped, simple or branched outgrowths, so that they can look "hedgehog-brushy" or "antler-like branched". The pleurocystids can be numerous, rare or absent.

The hyphae of the hat skin (Pileipellis) are mostly branched and rarely smooth. The hyphae of the pedunculate cortex are smooth or sagging and sometimes have specially shaped end cells or caulocystids . The Lamellen trama is colored purple-brown with Melzer reagent (iodine solution), only in a few cases it is not colored.

species

The genus is very species-rich, well over 300 species are known. About 100 species are common in Germany.

Helmlinge ( Mycena ) in Germany
German name Scientific name
Algerian helmling Mycena algeriensis
Ash gray helmling Mycena cinerella
Bitter Helmling Mycena erubescens
Blue-footed Helmling Mycena cyanorrhiza
Bow-leaved helmling Mycena speirea
Brown-edged meadow helmling Mycena olivaceomarginata
Broad-leaved helmling Mycena latifolia
Beech Helmling Mycena fagetorum
Beech leaf helmling Mycena capillaris
Colorful helmling Mycena inclinata
Fragrant radish helmling Mycena diosma
Thin-handled helmling Mycena urania
Oak Gall Helmling Mycena rhenana
Monochrome helmet Mycena concolor
Distant-leaved thread helmling Mycena lohwagii
False bark helmling Mycena pseudocorticola
Fern helmling Mycena pterigena
Almost adorned Helmling Mycena pseudopicta
Spruce cone helmling Mycena plumipes
Felt-handled helmet Mycena capillaripes
Flesh-colored radish helmling Mycena pearsoniana
Flesh-colored radish helmling Mycena pseudopura
Flaky bark helmling Mycena corynephora
Spring Helmling Mycena niveipes
Folded disc helmet liner Mycena mucor
Spotted Helmling Mycena maculata
Yellow-orange milked helmling Mycena crocata
Yellow-edged Helmling Mycena citrinomarginata
Yellow-edged Helmling Mycena olivaceobrunnea
Yellow-stemmed nitrate helmet Mycena renati
Common radish helmling Mycena pura
Grooved bark helmet Mycena mirata
Adorned Helmling Mycena amicta
Antler-cystid-hoop helmling Mycena lasiosperma
Yellowing Helmling Mycena flavescens
Gray-leaved soot helmling Mycena aetitis
Gray nitrate helmling Mycena leptocephala
Big Blood Helmling Mycena haematopus
Large Schleimfuß-Helmling Mycena clavicularis
Large spore helmling Mycena megaspora
Green-tailed Helmling Mycena viridimarginata
Conical helmling Mycena metata
Glutinous bark helmling Mycena pachyderma
Sticky Helmling Mycena vulgaris
Bulbous rush helmet Mycena bulbosa
Royal Fern Helmling Mycena alphitophora
Spheroidal disc helmling Mycena clavularis
Easily perishable helmling Mycena smithiana
Lovely bark helmet Mycena venustula
Purple-edged Helmling Mycena purpureofusca
Mycena atrochalybaea Mycena atrochalybaea
Mycena tenuispinosa Mycena tenuispinosa
Mycena tephrophylla Mycena tephrophylla
Mycena winterhoffii Mycena winterhoffii
Mycena xantholeuca Mycena xantholeuca
Nut Helmling Mycena nucicola
Olive yellow helmling Mycena arcangeliana
Orange-red helmling Mycena acicula
Orange-edged Helmling Mycena aurantiomarginata
Papilla Helmling Mycena atropapillata
Pedestal Helmling Mycena stylobates
Crimson-edged Blood Helmling Mycena sanguinolenta
Rancid bark helmling Mycena olida
Grooved helmling Mycena polygramma
Pink radish helmling Mycena rosea
Pink-leaved helmling Mycena galericulata
Pink-edged Helmling Mycena rosella
Pink and white helmet Mycena tubarioides
Rust-stained Helmling Mycena zephirus
Reddish bark helmling Mycena meliigena
Red-edged Helmling Mycena rubromarginata
Reed Helmling Mycena belliae
Stretchable helmet liner Mycena epipterygia
Slippery Helmling Mycena laevigata
Greasy Helmling Mycena epipterygia var. Viscosa
Snow flower helmling Mycena flos-nivium
Black-toothed radish helmling Mycena pelianthina
Ufer-Helmling Mycena riparia
Bent-handled Helmling Mycena supina
Four-pore nitrate helmling Mycena stipata var. Stipata
Leading Helmling Mycena abramsii
Cylindrical helmling Mycena picta
White bark helmling Mycena alba
White milk helmling Mycena galopus
Winter Helmling Mycena tintinnabulum
Winter bark helmling Mycena hiemalis
Tiny oak leaf helmling Mycena polyadelpha
Tender helmling Mycena adscendens
Fragile thread helmling Mycena filopes
Two-pore nitrate helmet Mycena silvae-nigra

Systematics

Some species with inamyloid spores and trama were separated due to phylogenetic studies and placed in the genus Atheniella , including the coral red ( A. adonis ) and the white-yellow helmling ( A. flavoalba ). The genus Atheniella is not in the family Mycenaceae but in the family Porotheleaceae .

literature

  • Giovanni Robich: Mycena d'Europa. AMB Fondazione Centro Studi Micologici, 2003.
  • RA Maas Geesteranus: Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere. 2 volumes, Sciences, The Netherlands, 1992, ISBN 0-444-85757-5 .
  • Alexander Hanchett Smith: North American species of mycena. University of Michigan Press, 1947 ( online version )

Web links

Commons : Helmlinge ( Mycena )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ PB Matheny et al .: Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol. 98, No. 6 , 2006, ISSN  0027-5514 (English, online [PDF]).
  2. Ewald Gerhart (Hrsg.): Pilze Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae (=  Spectrum of Nature BLV Intersivführer . Volume 1 ). BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 125 .
  3. Arne Aronsen: What is a Mycena? A key to the Mycenas of Norway. (No longer available online.) In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012 ; accessed on December 7, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / home.online.no
  4. Jerry Cooper: NZ species in Mycenella, Hemimycena, Atheniella and Mycena pp. (suborder Marasmineae incertae sedis). In: Mycological Notes. December 3, 2016, accessed June 20, 2020 .