Hendrik de Cock

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Hendrik de Cock around 1829

Hendrik de Cock (born April 12, 1801 in Wildervank ; † November 14, 1842 in Groningen ) was an originally Protestant Reformed pastor, who had been an Evangelical Reformed pastor since 1834. He played an essential role in the so-called "separation of 1834", the creation of the Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk as a spin-off from the Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk . “Gereformeerd” in the Netherlands corresponds to the German “old reformed”, “hohormd” to the German “reformed”.

Life

Hendrik de Cock was the son of the farmer Tjaarda de Cock and his wife Jantje, nee Kappen. Tjaarda was a son of Pastor Regnerus Tjaarda de Cock. Hendrik de Cock studied in Groningen. He married Frouwe Helenius Venema (1803-1889) in 1824. Seven children were born from the marriage. The eldest son also became a pastor and in 1854 one of the four lecturers at the theological school founded in Kampen that year .

Hendrik de Cock was 1824 hervormder pastor in Eppenhuizen , 1827 in Noordlaren and 1829 in Ulrum . At the end of 1833 he was relieved of his office because of his first brochure in which he set out "the errors and deviations from the Reformed teaching" (cf. De Haas) and on May 29, 1834, he was completely deposed. He and his congregation separated from the existing church on October 13, 1834 (deed of deed under web links ). From November 28, 1834 to February 24, 1835, he was jailed for this "riot". De Cock's supporters grew to East Friesland and the county of Bentheim . He became the leader of the "Koksche" separation movement named after him in East Friesland and the county, which led to the formation of old Reformed communities in Uelsen in 1838 and in Bentheim in 1840. In addition to de Cock, there were four other pastors who left the Reformed Church: HP Scholte in the province of North Brabant , Anthony Brummelkamp from Hattem near Zwolle , in 1835 Simon van Velzen in Drogenham in the province of Friesland and in 1839 TF de Haan also in the province Friesland. The candidate Albertus van Raalte was not even admitted to the preaching office in the prominent church.

Van Raalte and Scholte both emigrated to the USA with many of their followers in 1847 . Many old reformers from the northern county of Bentheim joined the emigration train. The first elders of the old reformed parish of Uelsen were introduced to their office on January 1st, 1838 in Itterbeck near the Dutch border by the retired pastor Albertus van Raalte from Genemuiden and Mastenbroek . He emigrated to the USA in 1847 and founded the city of Holland in the state of Michigan . Many of the old Reformed Lower Counties followed him.

The first elders of today's old reformed community of Bad Bentheim were introduced to their office by Hendrik de Cock at the farmer Sandfort in Waldseite near Gildehaus on May 7, 1840. A new church is considered to have been established when elders (and deacons) are appointed. A few days earlier, on April 28, 1840, de Cock had baptized a child by the name of Dirk Sandfort in the Sandfort house.

The later pastor of this Bentheim congregation, Jan Berend Sundag (1810-1893) from Samern , was one of the first to study theology with Hendrik de Cock in Groningen in 1839 and 1840. From April 1839 until his death in November 1842, 27 of his students had already been appointed pastors, and another 35 were "teaching him".

On May 9, 1840, Hendrik de Cock in Itterbeck baptized the six children of the congregation, who had not been baptized until then, who were born between March 1838 and March 1840, in a sheepfold in Itterbeck. Von, über, and gegen de Cock published over 25 brochures in 1833 and 1834 alone. Another 15 followed from 1835 to 1838. Up to our time, new literature about him and his separation continues to appear in the Netherlands. For the German-speaking area there is often something about him in the literature on the Evangelical Old Reformed Church in Lower Saxony. The oldest German illustration, "The unrest in the Dutch Reformed Church during the years 1833 to 1839" from the pen of Dr. JCL Gieseler dates back to 1840.

In 1837/38, Hendrik de Cock also preached in Wolthusen at the gates of Emden and probably also in Veenhusen near Leer . The office of Emden reported to the consistory in Aurich on April 22, 1843 that the participants in certain meetings were called Kocsians. In East Friesland, five old reformed communities were finally founded: Campen 1854, Emden 1856, Bunde 1858, Ihrhove 1860 and Neermoor 1861.

In the Netherlands, the "Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk", founded by de Cock in 1834, united in 1892 with a new movement, the so-called Doleantie, which emerged from the prominent Kerk in 1886. Its well-known leader was the future Prime Minister of the Netherlands and the founder of the Free University of Amsterdam , Abraham Kuyper . The new community created in 1892 was called "Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland". It numbered about 750,000 parishioners; In 2004, the so-called " Samen op weg (Together on the way)" process was concluded for the reunification with the Dutch Reformed Church to form the Protestant Church in the Netherlands .

Works

39 brochures and writings by Hendrik de Cock were reissued in 1984 in two edited volumes:

  • D. Deddens et al. a .: Hendrik de Cock, Verzamelde Geschriften, voorzien van inleidingen en aantekeningen , Houten 1984 and 1986, two volumes

Literature (selection)

  • Gerrit Jan Beuker, Art. Cock, Hendrik de, in: Studiengesellschaft für Emsländische Regionalgeschichte (Ed.): Emsländische Geschichte 6, Meppen, 1997, pp. 141–145 (This article is a revised version of this released publication).
  • Gerrit Jan Beuker: Congregation on the way, The Evangelical Old Reformed Church Congregation Uelsen since 1838 , Bad Bentheim 1984
  • Gerrit Jan Beuker: Reversal and Renewal. From the history of the Evangelical Old Reformed Church in Lower Saxony 1838–1988 , Bad Bentheim 1988.
  • J. C .L. Gieseler: The unrest in the Dutch Reformed Church during the years 1833 to 1839 , Hamburg 1840, pp. 54–82
  • PL de Jong: The Bentheimer Church in the 18th and 19th centuries , in: Heinrich Voort (editor-in-chief), Reformed Confession in the County of Bentheim 1588–1988 (= Das Bentheimer Land vol. 114), Gildehaus / Bad Bentheim 1988, p. 113-162, especially pp. 151-153
  • Hel. de Cock, Hendrik de Cock: First afgescheiden predikant in Nederland. Beschouwd in Leven en Werkzsaamheid. Een Bijdrage tot right understanding van de kerkelijke Afscheiding , Delfzijl, 1886 (Dutch)
  • JA Wormser: Een schat in aarden vaten, first series III. “Werken zoolang het dag is”. Het leven van Hendrik de Cock , Nijverdal 1915 (Dutch)
  • Joh. De Haas: Gedenkt uw voorgangers, Deel 1 , Haarlem 1984, p. 70 (Dutch, with further references)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Menno Smid: Ostfriesische Kirchengeschichte , Leer 1974, p. 536.
  2. ↑ Beuker, Umkehr und Renewal , p. 163.
personal data
SURNAME Cock, Hendrik de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION reformed theologian
DATE OF BIRTH April 12, 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH Wildervank
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1842
Place of death Groningen