Hermione Cloeter

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Gravestone at the Weißenkirchen cemetery

Hermine Cloeter (born January 31, 1879 in Munich , † February 22, 1970 in Weißenkirchen in der Wachau ) was an Austrian writer and cultural historian .

Life

Hermine Cloeter came from an old Huguenot family and belonged to the Evangelical Church HB in Austria . She founded an evangelical preaching office in her adopted home Weißenkirchen, but it only had a short life.

Her father, Samuel Gottfried Christoph Cloeter, was a Protestant pastor and an apocalyptic enthusiast who had instructed a sizeable group of supporters, the so-called “Cloeterans”, to emigrate to Warenburg in Siberia . The family moved to Vienna as early as 1880 . There she received lessons in foreign languages, art history, music and singing at various private schools and began her first literary attempts in 1902.

From 1907 to 1939 she published feuilletons in the Neue Freie Presse as its permanent collaborator, and also wrote articles for the Viennese history papers and various yearbooks. From 1910 to 1936 Cloeter dealt extensively with Goethe , and in 1927 she became a member of the board of the Vienna Goethe Association . She went on numerous study trips, u. a. to Rome, Florence, Naples, Paris, London and through Germany.

Around 1910 she visited the Wachau for the first time , where she was later regularly and from 1929 also owned a house. Her essays on the Wachau were published in 1922 in the book Donauromantik - Diary Leaves and Sketches from the Golden Wachau . This book was reprinted in an expanded form in 1962.

In addition to the Wachau, she dealt with art history and her hometown Vienna. It is thanks to her love for Mozart and her thirst for research that the records of the location of Mozart's grave in the St. Marxer Friedhof were found again. For her work on Grillparzer , she was appointed a board member of the Grillparzer Society in 1949.

She had a personal friendship with the painters Maximilian Suppantschitsch and Johann Nepomuk Geller.

Her estate was administered by her nephew and adopted son Christoph Cloeter until his death in 2000. Since then he has been with the Austrian Academy of Sciences .

Political attitude

The collapse of the Habsburg monarchy and the changes that followed led to deep frustration among Hermine Cloeter, and her letters and diaries from this period contain anti - Semitic accusations in this regard . The Dollfuss regime on Hermione found Cloeter as "bigoted and economically and politically ineffective." At first she hoped for a lot from the National Socialists . She became a member of the NSDAP and a member of the Association of German Writers in Austria , but she soon realized that little was to be expected from the National Socialists. “She became a fierce critic of the Gleichschaltung, the foreign infiltration of Austria, the occupation of all important positions by Germans”, and in her diary entries there are many critical passages on “Hitler speeches, the outbreak of war, news about the persecution of Jews, the murder of the mentally ill, atrocities of the concentration camps, executions in Poland ”and the like. After the end of the war it was subjected to denazification. Her full rehabilitation took place in 1948.

Diaries

An extensive historical source are her - unpublished - diaries for the years 1916–1968, which were transcribed by her nephew. Each of the three volumes, which together comprise almost 2000 pages, contains an index of persons and places:

Volume I: 1916-1939,

Volume II: 1940-1947,

Volume III: 1948-11. January 1968.

Cloeter et al. a. her impressions of events she attended in Vienna. For example, on December 8, 1941, she took part in an event organized by the Evangelical Alliance for the first time:

“In the afternoon I had a very big impression of a lecture in the so-called 'Alliance', a Christian group to which Martha introduced me, in the Baptist house in Mollardgasse. A Herr Köster , a fine philosophical head, spoke very meaningfully and profoundly about the prophet of the old covenant Obadja. ... He pointed out the typical in their utterances; God speaks here not only to the Israelite people of that time in their special situation through the prophets, but to every people in the same situation. ... And the parallel to us is easy to draw. "

- Cloeter : Diaries Volume. II, p. 153.

Work (selection)

Half-title houses and people of Vienna
  • Houses and people of Vienna . Schroll, Vienna 1915. (Several new editions until 1920).
  • Between yesterday and today. Hikes through Vienna and the Vienna Woods . Second edition. Schroll, Vienna 1911. - Full text online .
  • The distant violin . Second edition. Wiener Literarian Anstalt, Vienna (among others) 1919. - Full text online (PDF; 1.7 MB) .
  • Ghosts and ghosts from old Vienna. Images and shapes . Schroll, Vienna 1922. - Full text online (PDF; 8.0 MB) .
  • Danube romanticism. Diary sheets and sketches from the golden Wachau . Second edition. Schroll, Vienna 1923. - Full text online (PDF): Part 1/3 (PDF; 9.2 MB), Part 2/3 (PDF; 13.0 MB), Part 3/3 (PDF; 14.1 MB) . (Increased new edition: Faber, Krems an der Donau 1962).
  • At the grave of WA Mozart. A contribution to Mozart research . Deutscher Verlag für Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1931. (Several new editions).
  • Happy hiking . Rohrer, Vienna 1947.
  • Johann Thomas Trattner . A major entrepreneur in Theresian Vienna . Böhlau, Graz (among others) 1952.
  • Faded life. The story of a family in the mirror of the times . Library of Family History Works, Volume 28, ZDB -ID 504336-0 . Degener, Neustadt an der Aisch 1960. (New edition 1979).
  • Vienna commemorative sheets . Austrian Publishing House, Vienna 1966.
  • Maximilian Suppantschitsch . The painter Dürnstein, 1865–1953 . (Together with Rupert Feuchtmüller). Dürnstein 1978, OBV .
  • Ideals and realities. Aspects of Gender History. Correspondence between Hermine Cloeter, Emma Cloeter and Otto von Zwiedineck-Südhorst 1893–1957 . Edited by Margret Friedrich . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1995, ZDB -ID 211456-2 , ISBN 3-7001-2163-6 .

In addition, she has published many forewords, cultural-historical articles and essays, especially about Vienna and the Wachau.

Honors

Memorial plaque on the former residential building

literature

Lexica entries
  • Walter Kleindel: The great book of the Austrians. 4500 person representations in words and pictures. Names, dates, facts . With the collaboration of Hans Veigl . Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-218-00455-1 , p. 63.
  • Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 1: A – Da. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-218-00543-4 , p. 581.
Other sources
  • Wolfgang Krug: Wachau, pictures from the land of romanticism . Brandstätter, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85498-316-6 .
  • Margret Friedrich (Ed.): Ideals and Realities. Aspects of Gender History. Correspondence between Hermine Cloeter, Emma Cloeter and Otto von Zwiedineck-Südhorst 1893–1957 . In: Meeting reports of the Austrian Academy of Sciences of the phil.-hist. Class , volume 616, ZDB ID 30498-0 . Vienna 1995.
    Church history literature by and about Cloeter is cited in the review by Karl Schwarz, in: Yearbook for the History of Protestantism in Austria , Volume 115, ZDB -ID 340775-5 . Vienna 1999, pp. 248-250.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wolfgang Krug: Wachau. Pictures from the land of romance . Brandstätter, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85498-316-6 .
  2. ↑ Friedrich, Margret (Ed.) (1995). Ideals and realities. Aspects of Gender History. Correspondence between Hermine Cloeter, Emma Cloeter and Otto von Zwiedineck-Südhorst 1893–1957 . (Meeting reports of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-historical class. Volume 616). Vienna: Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. P. 15 f.
  3. ↑ Friedrich, Margret (Ed.) (1995). Ideals and realities. Aspects of Gender History. Correspondence between Hermine Cloeter, Emma Cloeter and Otto von Zwiedineck-Südhorst 1893–1957 . (Meeting reports of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-historical class. Volume 616). Vienna: Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. P. 16
  4. ↑ Blumesberger, Susanne (2014). Handbook of the Austrian authors of books for children and young people. Volume 1: AL . Vienna / Cologne / Weimar: Böhlau. P. 201.
  5. ^ Renner, Gerhard (1986). Austrian writers and National Socialism. The "Federation of German Writers Austria" and the establishment of the Reichsschrifttumskammer in the "Ostmark" . Frankfurt am Main: Booksellers Association. P. 293.
  6. ↑ Friedrich, Margret (Ed.) (1995). Ideals and realities. Aspects of Gender History. Correspondence between Hermine Cloeter, Emma Cloeter and Otto von Zwiedineck-Südhorst 1893–1957 . (Meeting reports of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-historical class. Volume 616). Vienna: Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. P. 16.
  7. ↑ See Martina Schmidt: The diary of Hermine Cloeter . In: Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences . Volume 127, Vienna 1990, pp. 103-124.
  8. ^ Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer (Ed.): Evangelical Alliance in Vienna from the First Republic to the Nazi era (1920-45). Edition of the meeting minutes and programs (studies on the history of Christian movements of the Reformation tradition in Austria; 2). VKW, Bonn 2010; a list of the alliance meetings attended by Cloeter in the register p. 244; Excerpts from her notes p. 234f.
  9. ^ Inscription Deutschordenshof, Singerstraße: Hermine Cloeter 1958 (accessed June 11, 2014)
personal data
SURNAME Cloeter, Hermione
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer and art historian
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 1970
Place of death Weißenkirchen in the Wachau