Stone House (Wuppertal)
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Stone house
City of Wuppertal
Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′ 45 ″ N , 7 ° 17 ′ 28 ″ E
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| Height : | 250 m above sea level NHN | |
| Postal code : | 42399 | |
| Area code : | 0202 | |
Location of Steinhaus in Wuppertal |
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Steinhaus is a location in the Beyenburg district of Wuppertal above a meander of the Wupper River . It emerges from a fortified manor from the 12th century.
history
The earliest known owners of the Steinhaus farm were the noble lords of Walebrecken , but at some point it passed into the possession of the Bergisch counts . The manor was in 1189 in a pledge of the Bergisch Count Adolf III. mentioned. According to the document, Adolf III. a credit of 200 silver pieces to the Count von Hückeswagen , which he did not pay out in cash, but in the form of a right of use at the manor.
The name Steinhaus ( Steinhus, Steinhuys or Latin domus lapidae , Steinwerk '), which is repeatedly confirmed in documents, indicates that the courtyard was built from stones in contrast to the usual rural wood / clay construction. Numerous other contemporary in German Reich finished stone houses , one can assume that the farm a stone main building in the form of a fortified tower owned and can therefore be classified as a lightly fortified castle. As is customary with such complexes, the court had its own chapel , which, as the count's property, was not subject to the Lüttringhausen parish responsible for this area . A small settlement core formed around the courtyard, the oldest in today's Beyenburg district.
The manor was of great importance, as the surrounding taxable farms were subordinate to it. The main task, however, was to secure the Wupper crossing (a Wupper bridge has been in use since 1339) on the Cologne – Dortmund Heerweg , an important medieval trade, pilgrimage and military route between the Rhine and Westphalia . The Wupper was at the same time the border between the Grafschaft Berg and the Electorate of Cologne (later owned by the Grafschaft Mark ) and the Herrenhof therefore also had customs and control functions.
Before his death in 1296, Count Adolf V von Berg donated the manor house with its chapel and the associated income to the Order of the Brothers of the Cross , in 1298 confirmed his brother Konrad I von Berg , formerly cathedral propon and archdeacon in Cologne , with the consent of his mother Margarete von Hochstaden received the gift of his deceased brother. This confirmation certificate is the first written mention of the process. The founding of the Steinhaus monastery can also be dated in 1298. Since the farm on the Fernstrasse was not very suitable for monastic life, the counts extended their donation in 1303/04 to include the nearby Beyenberg in the Wuppermäander, where the monks built the new Steinhaus monastery from 1307 . The farm itself was leased from the convent.
In contrast to the Beyenberg, on which the Beyenburg Castle was later built next to the monastery as the official seat of the Bergisches Amt Beyenburg and at the foot of which the Freedom Beyenburg was established, the area around the old courtyard was not settled on a large scale until relatively late in the 18th century. A closed residential development around the courtyard was not built until the second half of the 20th century.
After the Reformation , which mainly led to a change of denomination of the population to the Reformed or Lutheran faith in the Beyenburg office, the Beyenburg monastery of the Brothers of the Cross remained one of the few Catholic bases in the area. The Steinhauser chapel was rededicated to the Catholic parish church of Beyenburg, whose pastor usually came from the convent of the monastery. The close personal connection between the convent and the parish office occasionally resulted in disputes over the delimitation of monastery and parish property. A small Catholic cemetery was laid out at the courtyard, the walls of which were renewed after being damaged by stones from the castle ruins of Beyenburg Castle. The chapel, which was converted into a parish church, was demolished a few years after the monastery was dissolved in 1809/1811. The courtyard buildings, which are now listed, date from the late 18th century.
In 1815/16 23 people lived in the village. In 1832 Steinhaus was still part of the Walbrecken Honschaft, which now belonged to the mayor's office in Lüttringhausen . Which according to the statistics and topography of the district of Dusseldorf as Ackergut designated place had at this time two houses, two farm buildings and two production facilities. At that time, 31 residents lived in the place, ten Catholic and 21 Protestant. In the municipality lexicon for the Rhineland province from 1888, three houses with 26 inhabitants are given.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Stock: Wuppertal street names. Their origin and meaning. Thales Verlag, Essen-Werden 2002, ISBN 3-88908-481-8
- ↑ Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836
- ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Prussia) (Ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Rhineland Province, based on the materials of the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources, (Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia, Volume XII), Berlin 1888.
literature
- Gerd Helbeck : Beyenburg. History of a place on the Bergisch-Mark border and its surrounding area. Volume 1: The Middle Ages. Basics and advancement. Association for local history, Schwelm 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811749-1-5 .
- Gerd Helbeck: Beyenburg. History of a place on the Bergisch-Mark border and its surrounding area. Volume 2: The Modern Age. Advances and setbacks. Association for local history, Schwelm 2011, ISBN 978-3-9811749-2-2 .