Beyenburger Bridge
Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′ 59 ″ N , 7 ° 17 ′ 20 ″ E
| Beyenburger Bridge | ||
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| use | Road traffic | |
| Convicted | Curved road (L 411) | |
| Subjugated | Wupper | |
| place | Wuppertal - Beyenburg | |
| construction | Arch bridge | |
| overall length | 25.5 m | |
| width | 10.0 m | |
| location | ||
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| Above sea level | 200 m above sea level NHN | |
| Topography of the district of Beyenburg | ||
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The Beyenburger Brücke (also Beyenburger Wupperbrücke or Wupperbrücke curves road) is a road bridge over the Wupper on the city limits from Wuppertal to Schwelm . At the same time, the settlement on the bridge is also a part of Wuppertal. The first documented predecessor building was an important station and control point on the important old trade route from Cologne via Dortmund to Soest , the Heerweg Cologne – Dortmund , since the late Middle Ages (1336) . The path was also used as an important pilgrimage route ( Jakobsweg ) and military road. Only at the beginning of the modern era did the bridge lose its national importance.
topography
The bridge connects the Wuppertal district of Beyenburg in the district of Langerfeld-Beyenburg on the southern left side of the river with Schwelm on the northern side. The street curves over it and then meets Schwelmer Boden at the intersection of Wupperstrasse , Beyenburger Strasse and Porta Westfalica . The Wupperstraße leads west along the Wupper to Langerfeld . The Porta Westfalica leads east to the center of Beyenburg and also crosses the Wupper there. The Wupperstraße and Beyenburger road are part of the national road 527 . The curved road that merges into Windfoche road to the south is part of state road 411 . The bridge is located in the valley of the Wupper, which flows in an east-west direction.
To the mountain ranges to the north and south, the difference in altitude is more than 100 meters . Due to the increases are outgoing in north-south direction Beyenburger road and curve road curvy to avoid large slopes. This is also expressed in the name of the curved road . The medieval old road, slightly different from today's roads, had a straighter course, some of which still have ravines south of the Wupper.
At this point, the Wupper is the border between the cities of Wuppertal and Schwelm, between the administrative districts of Düsseldorf and Arnsberg , the Rhineland and Westphalia, and in the Middle Ages it was the border between the Franks and Saxony and later between Berg and Kurköln , and later between the Duchy of Jülich -Berg and the Prussian county of Mark . It was and is the border between Rhineland and Westphalia. Hence the name Porta Westfalica , the gateway to Westphalia , which was carried over to a breakthrough in Beyenburger Strasse through a small ridge near the bridge. In the Middle Ages, only riders and pedestrians used the direct route over this ridge. Karren used a less steep detour via Brambecke and Weuste to Vesterberg . To the north of Weuste, clear traces of ravines can be seen in the forest area.
history
The trade route from Cologne to Dortmund was built early on. In the Wuppertal, the oldest settlements were formed along the way. From the Carolingian era (8th to 9th century) the chapel and later church at Hofgut Steinhaus was a popular place of pilgrimage (demolished in 1811). The brothers of the Order of the Cross , who came here in 1298 at the invitation of Count von Berg, preferred not to settle on this busy highway, but on the nearby Beyenberg in the Wupper meander , where the monks built the new Steinhaus monastery .
The importance of this old road is expressed in the fact that there were only a few bridges in the Middle Ages. Numerous traces of this road can be found in the form of several ravines, especially on the crest of the mountain spur at the northern end of the bridge near Vesterberg. The narrow valley of the Wupper created a considerable obstacle for cross traffic. On both sides, accompanied by deeply torn side valleys, the foothills of the Remscheider and Radevormwalder plateaus push forward towards the Beyenburg valley of the Wupper and drop steeply towards the river. Only at the location of the Beyenburger bridge are the slopes less rugged.
The castle Beyenburg , which was mentioned in documents as early as 1336, including the protection of the Wupper bridge and served Beyenburger monastery . It was the property of Count von Berg and the official seat of the bailiff of the Beyenburg office . It is no longer preserved today and was destroyed in the Thirty Years War and was described as falling apart in 1729.
The Schwelm district of Beyenburgerbrücke appears in the treasure book of Grafschaft Mark as a street settlement for the first time in 1486 under the name “vor der Bruggen”. The bridge itself is first mentioned in 1336. It is mentioned several times as a negotiation and conference venue on the Bergisch-Märkische border between the Grafschaft Mark and the Duchy of Berg in several sources from the 14th and 15th centuries. For example, the bergische hit Landdrost on it for 11 August 1470 settlement of a dispute between his country Prince and the Duke of Cleves ago.
Through incidental communications it can be seen that the bridge belonged to the Steinhausen Chapel and that the church master raised the bridge toll and had the task of repairing or restoring the building. In 1811 , the driver had to pay two hours for a one- horse wagon, three and four hours for a two- or three-horse wagon . In 1550, the church master complained about the building obligation as "extremely difficult" and mourned a period of pilgrimages . During this time, 120 times more inches could be achieved. In the Middle Ages, floods and ice often caused damage to bridges and other structures on the rivers. The exact time from when the bridge came under the care of the Brothers of the Order of the Cross is not documented. Like the chapel and the building site of the later monastery, it was probably given away to them by the Bergisch ducal family. Presumably the change of ownership did not take place until the 15th century, as the Bergisch Drost Johann Quade still listed expenses for the bridge construction on his bill in 1438.
An inn, which was known under the name "Porta Westfalica", had existed on the Schwelmer side near the bridge for at least the 15th century. The hotel was stopped in 1980 and the inn was closed in 1991, since then the building has been used as a residential building and meeting place. On the opposite side of the settlement “vor der Bruggen” (ie on today's Wuppertal side) two houses are occupied in 1547, “vur der Brucke” and further up on the slope “Bruggeberg”. Like the settlement on the northern side, they probably existed as early as 1486. An inn, later called "Bergischer Hof", directly on the bridge is documented fifty years later. In 1812 there were ten houses on both sides of the bridge whose residents lived off the street as carters, horse drivers, innkeepers, beer brewers and schnapps distillers. Since the bridge was a day's journey from Cologne and Dortmund, the Beyenburgerbrücke settlement became a rest area and hostel .
In 1563 the first stone bridge is reported, it existed until 1782. After that a wooden bridge was built again. The guild master Jakob Wylich depicted on the copper engraving by Müller lived in the houses directly behind the bridge next to the inn. With Bleicherpike and in festive costume, he leads the Schwelm bleachers who worked in Barmen to Schwelm to greet the King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm, who was there on June 9, 1788, and to advertise the subsidies for industrial development in Schwelm.
When the Duchy of Berg and the County of Mark fell under French rule in 1806/07, numerous paved roads were planned. Until then, the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld-Schwelm-Hagen-Unna road alone was the only paved thoroughfare in today's Wuppertal area. This is how the Lennep –Schwelm line was planned, which was completed in 1813 to the Beyenburger bridge. The northern section was completed by the Prussian administration after the collapse of French rule . The route was changed a little here and there compared to the old ravines. This made the curved road one of the first paved roads in the wider area. During the construction, a rocky mountain was broken through on the northern bank (i.e. in today's Schwelmer area). This created a rock gate, which was later given the appropriate name "Porta Westfalica". The gate was also popularly called "Napoleon's Gate", allegedly Napoléon had passed his troops through here. The rock gate was blown up in 1929 when a bus line was set up between Schwelm and Beyenburg.
In 1815/16 there were 60 people living in the village. 1832 Beyenburger bridge was still part of the Honschaft Walbrecken that now the mayoralty Luettringhausen belonged. According to the statistics and topography of the Düsseldorf administrative district , the place called a hamlet was called Beienburgerbrücke and at that time had five residential buildings, six agricultural buildings and two manufacturing facilities. At that time 59 people lived in the place, two Catholic and 57 Protestant faith.
A connection between Beyenburg and Barmen in the west with a paved road, today's Wupperstraße , did not take place until 1860. It was funded by the Erfurt und Sohn KG paper mill .
A successor to the first stone bridge was destroyed in World War II. In 1951 it was restored. State road 414 was laid out in 1967.
Remarks
- ↑ The Hofgut first time in 1189 mentioned
- ↑ The year 1472 is noted on the fireplace
- ↑ See copper engraving by Friedrich Christoph Müller (1788)
literature
- Cultural and historical soil monuments in the Wuppertal area (= contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Vol. 24, ISSN 0522-6678 ). Volume 1. Born-Verlag, Wuppertal 1976.
- Gerd Helbeck : Beyenburg. History of a place on the Bergisch-Mark border and its surrounding area. Volume 1: The Middle Ages. Basics and advancement. Association for local history, Schwelm 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811749-1-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Wolfgang Stock: Wuppertal street names . Thales Verlag, Essen-Werden 2002, ISBN 3-88908-481-8
- ↑ a b c d e f g Gerd Helbeck: Kulturgeschichtliche ground monuments in space Wuppertal I . Born-Verlag, Wuppertal 1976
- ↑ a b buergerverein-beyenburg.de, accessed March 2008
- ↑ Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836
- ↑ The history of "our" Wupperbahn . Bergische Bahnen Förderverein Wupperschiene e. V.