Ilya Issidorowitsch Fondaminsky

Ilya Issidorowitsch Fondaminski (Fundaminski) ( Russian Илья Исидорович Фондаминский (Фундаминский) ; born February 17 ^{. Jul} / 29. February  1880 ^greg. In Moscow ; † 19th November 1942 in the Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a Russian revolutionary and publisher . For his literary work he used the pseudonym Bunakow ( Russian Бунаков ).

Life

Fondaminski was the son of the Jewish first guild merchant Issidor Fundaminski and the younger brother of the revolutionary Matwei Issidorowitsch Fondaminski . Fondaminski attended the private Kreiman-Gymnasium in Moscow and then studied at the philosophical faculties of the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg (1900-1904). Together with Vladimir Michailowitsch Sensinow , Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Awksentjew , Abram Rafailowitsch Goz and others, Fondaminski belonged to the group of German socialist revolutionaries. In March 1902 he was arrested on the German-Russian border and sentenced by the Russian authorities to 2 months in prison for transporting revolutionary literature. He became a member of the Social Revolutionary Party (PSR). In 1903 he married Amalija Ossipowna Gawronska (1882–1935), granddaughter of the tea king Kalonymos Wissotzky .

In December 1904, Fondaminsky returned to Moscow. He became one of the leaders of the Moscow City Committee of the PSR, dealing with problems of propaganda . In 1905, after the beginning of the revolution , Fondaminski was co-opted into the Central Committee of the PSR . He and his wife were arrested in September 1905 and released after a month in Taganka Prison . He took part in the December uprising in Moscow, after whose suppression he fled to the Grand Duchy of Finland . He took part in the work of the 1st Congress of the PSR in Helsinki in January 1906. In May and June 1906 he was one of the sharpest critics of the First State Duma at many meetings in St. Petersburg . In July 1906, Fondaminski went in Reval with two agitators in a boat to the armored frigate Pamjat Asowa , on which the sailors had mutinied. However, the uprising had just been put down, so that Fondaminski, who called himself Arseni Alexandrovich Belsky, was arrested by non-rebel sailors. Since he had not yet been on the tank frigate, he was finally acquitted. Fearing further lawsuits , Fondaminski emigrated to France with his wife .

1907–1917 Fondaminski lived in Paris . In 1909 he took part in the 5th Congress of the PSR and was elected to the foreign delegation. He was in charge of Boris Viktorovich Savinkov's combat group , which was planning attacks against the top leadership of Russia. After Yevno Fischelewitsch Asef was exposed , Fondaminsky changed his political stance under the influence of his friends Sinaida Hippius and Dmitri Sergejewitsch Mereschkowski . In 1912 he published the magazine Potschin with ND Avksentjew . At the beginning of the First World War he was on the side of the defenders of Russia and edited with Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov the magazine Prisyw , which turned against defeatists .

For the February Revolution of 1917 returned Fondaminski with ND Avksentiev and Boris Savinkov to Petrograd back. In April 1917 he was elected vice chairman of the Executive Committee of the Peasant Soviet . In the summer of 1917 he became Commissioner of the Provisional Government for the Black Sea Fleet , which elected him to the Russian Constituent Assembly . After the October Revolution he was a member of the Union of the Renewal of Russia, which as a party alliance opposed the Council of People's Commissars .

In the summer of 1918, Fondaminski evaded to Odessa . In April 1919, he finally emigrated to France with his wife and settled again in Paris. 1919–1920 he was a member of a Parisian Masonic Lodge of the Grand Orient de France and 1920–1921 of another Masonic Lodge. 1920–1940 he was part of the editorial team of the leading émigré magazine Sovremennyje sapiski . Thanks to his collaboration, the magazine was open to authors from a wide variety of directions. The magazine published works by Leo Isaakowitsch Schestow , Simon Lyudwigowitsch Frank , Georgi Wassiljewitsch Florowski , Dmitri Sergejewitsch Mereschkowski, Iwan Alexejewitsch Bunin , Vladimir Nabokov , Alexei Michailowitsch Remisow and Mark Alexandrowitsch Aldanow . In 1937, Fondaminski was co-editor of the Russkije Sapiski. 1931-1939 he edited the Christian-democratic magazine Nowy Grad together with Georgi Petrowitsch Fedotow and Fedor Stepun . He participated in the Russian Student Christian Movement and in the Orthodoxy Association . After the death of his wife in 1935, he published a book with memories of her friend Teffi .

After the start of the Second World War and the armistice , Fondaminski left Paris in June 1940 and went to the Libre zone in the Pau arrondissement . Teffi wrote in her memoirs that Fondaminski had the opportunity to flee to the USA , where many of his friends lived, but that, following the example of Mother Maria, he did not want to flee and even returned to Paris. On June 22, 1941, Fondaminski was arrested by the German occupation authorities with a group of 120 Russian Freemasons. He was baptized Russian Orthodox on September 20, 1941 in the Compiègne camp . While most of the Russians were released, Fondaminsky remained in the camp as a Jew. In 1942 he was sent to the Drancy assembly camp and then to Auschwitz, where he was killed.

Fondaminski was the uncle of the physicist Vladimir Grigoryevich Galperin .

2004 Fondaminski was from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Opel together with Mother Mary canonized .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Orthodox Peace Fellowship: Who is St Ilya Fondaminsky? (accessed on March 25, 2018).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Chronos: Илья Исидорович Фондаминский (accessed March 25, 2018).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Фондаминский Илья (accessed March 25, 2018).
4. ↑ Оболенский В. А .: Моя жизнь. Мои современники . YMCA-PRESS, Paris 1988, p. 351 .
5. ↑ Военные восстания в Балтике в 1905—1906 гг . Партиздат, 1933.
6. ↑ ПАРИЖ. ЛОЖА БРАТСТВО (accessed March 25, 2018).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Илья Фондаминский: Моя летопись . Вагриус, 2004, p. 320-328 .
8. ↑ Нина Берберова: Люди и ложи. Русские масоны XX столетия .