Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria
The Chamber of Industry and Commerce for Munich and Upper Bavaria ( IHK Munich ) is a chamber of industry and commerce based in Munich .
history
prehistory
Already in the time of mercantilism there were first attempts to politically integrate trade and industry. In Bavaria, Albrecht V (1550–1579) created a "Hofkammerrat" in which not only court officials but also merchants were represented. On August 23, 1613, a "Kommerzien-Kollegium" was created to represent the trade with its seat in Munich. This committee, to which the councilors S. von Sauerzopf, Schobinger, Chr. Von Schrenkh and Jocker belonged, was supposed to meet regularly and discuss problems in the trade. The court chamber council should decide difficult cases. The last time there is a report by the Schobinge College is from 1631. The work of the Commerce College (formed on May 22, 1679), the Commerce Deputation (formed on May 22, 1690) and the Commerce College (formed on April 2, 1748) were just as unsustainable. The chairman of the Kommerzien-Kollegium was the president of the court chamber, Count Emanuel von Törring-Jettenbach , director of the court chancellor Aloisius von Kreittmayr . With the exception of two merchants and mayor Benno Ferdinand Reindl , the chamber consisted only of state officials. This chamber was also rebuilt several times (1759, 1765 and 1769) and could not achieve any significant effect.
After the French Revolution, chambers of commerce were formed for the first time in France and the Rhineland. In Bavaria, the institution of the "commercial manager" was created. It was a voluntary association of merchants without official character but under state approval. On April 27, 1815, the first commercial director of this type was sworn in in Munich. It consisted of Simon Spitzweg (chairman), Ignatz Sauer, Johann Georg Knöpler and Paul Gaudrille.
On October 2, 1829, the trade association decided to set up a “merchant's room” to represent the merchants. After approval by the Ministry of the Interior on July 14, 1830, the commercial director, expanded to become a merchant's parlor, met for its first meeting on September 13, 1830 in Munich City Hall. Franz Xaver Riezler, Christian August Erich, Friedrich Reichenbach and Ludwig Knorr became the board of directors. In addition, Anton Schindler, Joseph Anton von Maffei and Ludwig Negrioli were appointed assessors.
The most important measure of the merchant's room was the establishment of the Munich Stock Exchange on December 16, 1830.
The first Chamber of Commerce from 1843
For years there had been a political discussion in Bavaria about the introduction of chambers of commerce. In 1825 the Chamber of Deputies advised the institution, and in 1830 the subject came back on the agenda. In the state parliament approval of 1831, the government promised to devote the attention it deserved to the subject. However, the king was critical of the establishment of chambers of commerce and in 1840 had the government of the Palatinate's application for a chamber establishment rejected. However, Minister Karl von Abel managed to change the king's mind.
With the "Supreme ordinance concerning the introduction of chambers of commerce." On September 19, 1842, the legal basis for the establishment of the chambers of commerce was created in the Kingdom of Bavaria. On April 7, 1843, King Ludwig I of Bavaria approved the formation of the Munich Chamber of Commerce on this basis. The constituent meeting of the Chamber took place in the Old Town Hall on October 30th. The chamber consisted of twelve appointed members of the "trade, factory owners and trade class". Joseph Anton von Maffei was elected chairman of the chamber.
The members of the chamber were appointed by the king. To this end, the chamber submitted three proposals to the king, of which the king appointed one. Every two years, a third of the members of the Chamber should resign by drawing lots and be replaced by new members. Three groups were formed: the trading class, the factory owner class and the master craftsmen. The first chamber in Munich that was created in this way consisted of: Trading stand: Simon Freihher von Eichthal (banker) Franz Lindauer (businessman) Friedrich Reichenbach, called Lorcy (businessman) Philipp Diß Xaver Stießberger (businessman) Friedrich Buchner Factory owner: Joseph Ritter von Maffei Riemerschmid Sebastian Streicher Master craftsman: Wittenberger (wax light manufacturer) Strobelberger (sword sweep) Karl Weißhaupt (silver worker)
At the same time, the chambers of commerce for the Palatinate in Kaiserslautern, for the Upper Palatinate in Regensburg and for the Upper Franconian district in Bamberg were approved.
Restructuring from 1848 to 1863
After the March Revolution , there were also changes in industrial policy. With two ordinances of August 3, 1848, a nationwide Chamber of Commerce was established. The regional chambers of commerce remained and now consisted only of representatives of the merchants and manufacturers. Two representatives from each chamber should form a “trade council of the empire”. However, this was never convened.
Like many changes in 1848, this one was not long-lasting. With an ordinance of January 27, 1850, the separation of trade and commerce was reversed. The chambers of commerce were now "chambers of commerce and commerce". They were divided into three departments: the trade council, the factory council and the trade council.
With the trade instruction of December 17, 1853, the "District Chamber of Commerce and Commerce for Upper Bavaria" was created. It was composed of at least 25 members of the trade, factory and trade councils in Munich and Upper Bavaria. These met once a year from January 15th for a chamber meeting lasting several days.
With the trade instruction of April 21, 1862, the contribution financing of the councils was introduced. This met with criticism from the craftsmen in particular, as they also had to make compulsory contributions to the guilds.
On May 1, 1868, the freedom of trade was introduced. This was the reason to reorganize the chamber system. With the "Royal Highest Ordinance" of King Ludwig II of Bavaria of December 20, 1868, the following regulations were made: The chamber now consisted of 2 departments: The Chamber of Commerce for trade and factories and the Chamber of Commerce for the remaining companies, including crafts. The chairman should always come from the first department. The members of the chamber were elected. The election of the members took place for 6 years. Every three years half of the members resigned (who was determined by lot) and were re-elected.
| year | trade | Business | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eligible voters | Voters (abs. / In%) | Eligible voters | Voters (abs. / In%) | |
| 1866 | 669 | 54 (8.07%) | 7452 | 166 (2.22%) |
| 1875 | 491 | 44 (8.96%) | 9790 | 59 (0.6%) |
| 1879 | 1931 | 361 (18.69%) | 11903 | 569 (4.78%) |
Initially, 8 members were elected per department. In 1875 additional elections were made early as the Chamber was now expanded to 12 members per department. The turnout was very low.
In contrast to the previous Chamber, which only met in annual sessions, the Chamber was now a permanent institution. In 1869 the secretary Josef Landgraf was hired with a salary of 800 guilders. For the first time, the costs were covered by contributions from companies.
Only companies in Munich were entitled to vote for the Chamber. Outside of Munich, dependent district committees could be created. The district committees provide information for the chamber's annual reports. According to the law, the boards of the district committees were "always invited to attend the chamber with a decisive vote".
The district bodies were:
- Rosenheim: Created in 1869 as the successor to the Factory and Trade Council formed on July 3, 1865
- Laufen-Rosenheim: Formed on August 20, 1871. The trade and factory council Laufen was one of the predecessors and was formed on January 2, 1865. The district committee Laufen-Rosenheim was divided on February 20, 1876 into a district committee Laufen and a district committee Berchtesgaden-Reichenhall. The latter was dissolved on March 31, 1901.
- Traunstein-Trostberg: founded in 1872
- Ingolstadt: In 1854 a trade, trade and factory council was established, but it fell asleep. On September 28, 1900, the Ingolstadt district committee was re-established
On July 1, 1869, the "Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Upper Bavaria" was constituted.
The ordinance of October 25, 1889 changed the rules for voting rights in the election of the chamber. For the Chamber of Commerce, the entry in the commercial register (or the capacity as a board member of a trading company) was decisive, for the Chamber of Commerce the assessment of trade tax for a standing trade was decisive.
On August 3, 1896, the decision was made to join the German Trading Day .
In 1908 the Chamber of Commerce and the Chamber of Crafts parted ways. With the ordinance of February 25, 1908, the craftsmen were outsourced to the new Chamber of Crafts and the Munich Chamber of Commerce received the status of a legal person. The chamber was only responsible for trade, commerce (excluding craft), industry and mining companies and had 36 members of which 24 were elected in Munich and 12 in the province.
With the Chamber of Industry and Commerce Ordinance of February 5, 1927, the chamber officially received the name of a Chamber of Industry and Commerce, which it had had unofficially since 1926.
time of the nationalsocialism
With the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933 and the recent DC circuit of the chamber. Chamber President Joseph Pschorr and Chief Executive Edmund Simon were removed from their offices. Albert Pietzsch became the new chairman of the chamber. The self-government of the economy was ended and the chamber was organized according to the Führer principle . An advisory board appointed by Albert Pietzsch took the place of the elected general assembly. Hans Buchner, a member of the NSDAP and economic editor of the “Völkischer Beobachter”, became the managing director.
In 1937 the number of industrial and commercial bodies was increased. Five new bodies were added to the three existing bodies in Ingolstadt, Rosenheim and Traunstein: Berchtesgaden - Bad Reichenhall; Garmisch-Partenkirchen; Freising - Erding - Moosburg; Schongau - Weilhelm - Landsberg and Bad Tölz - Miesbach. The ordinance of the Bavarian state government of March 2, 1937 made small businesses liable to pay contributions and tied the chamber contributions to the trade tax.
In accordance with the ordinance of April 20, 1942, the chamber was transferred to the “ Gauwirtschaftskammer München-Oberbayern” on April 1, 1943 together with the Chamber of Commerce and the Chamber of Crafts .
After 1945
With the "Guidelines on Chambers of Commerce" of July 17, 1945 and above all the directive of August 1/14, 1945, the American military government laid down the principles of the organization of the chambers. The Gau economic chambers were, chambers of industry and commerce (and craft chambers) could be re-established. However, these were based on voluntary membership and only had an advisory function. In addition, there should be no restriction on the number of chambers. On this basis, the IHKs in Munich, Augsburg, Regensburg, Nuremberg, Bayreuth and Würzburg were re-established (those in Passau and Coburg followed in spring 1946). The chamber in Munich was called "Munich Chamber of Commerce and Industry".
In 1956, the chamber law was standardized by the "Act on the Provisional Regulation of the Law of Chambers of Industry and Commerce (IHKG)". This law reintroduced compulsory membership and restored the status of a public corporation to the chambers. In 1957, the Munich Chamber changed its statutes in accordance with the law and renamed itself to its current name. The regional and administrative reform of July 1, 1972 enlarged the chamber district considerably. The newly formed districts of Neuburg-Schrobenhausen and Eichstätt were added.
building
After the establishment of a permanent chamber in 1868, the magistrate made a restaurant "temporarily" available. The chamber later moved into rented rooms in the Royal Mint. At the turn of the century these became too small. The Chamber of Commerce and the Munich Stock Exchange therefore had the house for trade and commerce built by the architect Friedrich von Thiersch from 1899 to 1901 . Ignatius Taschner designed the interior . The building site at Maximiliansplatz 8 (previously the Gasthaus zum Achatz stood here) in Maxvorstadt was on areas outside the heaped-up, former moat. The headquarters of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria are now located in the building opened on April 25, 1901, and in the adjacent AS Drey office building at Max-Joseph-Straße 2.
The building complex at Max-Joseph-Strasse 2 was acquired by the Chamber in 1935 for more than one million Reichsmarks. The architect Gabriel von Seidl built it in 1911 as a private residential and commercial building for the Jewish antiques dealer Arnold S. Drey.
Educational institutions
In October 1977 the IHK training center Westerham was founded. The IHK Academy for Munich and Upper Bavaria organizes around 800 events with 10,000 participants every year. The old building was built in the 1920s as a children's home for the Reichsbahn. On September 18, 1992, the IHK Center for Further Education and Technology in Munich (today: IHK Academy) started its work. It offers in-company training for all companies in industry, trade and services. It is located in Haidhausen (Balanstr. 55–59).
Publications
On January 7, 1871, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry published the “Bayerische Handelszeitung” for the first time. Today she publishes the "IHK Magazin" monthly.
people
President
| Term of office | Surname |
|---|---|
| 1843–1850 / 51 (?) | Joseph Anton von Maffei , factory owner |
| 1852-1853 | Leo Haenle (?), Factory owner and chairman of the factory council since 1852 |
| 1853-1854 | Leo Haenle or Michael Rosipal , businessman and chairman of the trade council |
| 1854-1868 | Leo Haenle as chairman of the district Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which meets once a year, and also remained chairman of the factory council |
| 1869-1873 | Moritz Guggenheimer , partner in a banking business |
| 1873-1806 | Johann Carl Weidert , owner of the Gutleben & Weidert banking and freight forwarding business |
| 1906-1911 | Otto von Pfister , partner in the grain wholesaler Pfister, Mayr & Co. |
| 1912-1933 | Josef Pschorr , partner in Pschorrbräu |
| 1933-1944 | Albert Pietzsch , board member of Elektrotechnische Werke München AG |
| 1944-1945 | Georg Seebauer , board member of Bayernwerk AG |
| 1945–1952 | Reinhart Kloepfer , Klöpfer & Königer, sawmills and wood wholesalers |
| 1952-1961 | Hans Pfülf , CEO of Pschorrbräu AG |
| 1961-1963 | Werner Premauer , Bayerische Vereinsbank AG |
| 1963-1971 | Heinz Noris , Held & Francke Bau AG |
| 1971-1990 | Rolf Rodenstock , Optical Works G. Rodenstock |
| 1990-1998 | Dieter Soltmann , Spaten-Franziskaner-Bräu KGaA |
| 1998-2004 | Claus Hipp , Hipp group of companies |
| 2004-2013 | Erich Greipl , Otto Beisheim Betriebs GmbH |
| 2013-present | Eberhard Sasse , Dr. Sasse Aktiengesellschaft Munich |
Chief Executive
| Term of office | Surname |
|---|---|
| 1869-1873 | Joseph Landgrave |
| 1873-1881 | August Fläxl |
| 1881-1882 | Clamor Neuburg |
| 1882-1883 | Robert Dahlmann |
| 1884-1886 | Rudolf Schreiber |
| 1886-1922 | Julius Kahn |
| 1922-1933 | Edmund Simon |
| 1933-1945 | Hans Buchner |
| 1945-1947 | Edmund Simon |
| 1947-1952 | Ludwig Mellinger |
| 1952-1979 | Günter Bruns |
| 1980-1997 | Wilhelm Wimmer |
| 1997-2008 | Reinhard Dörfler |
| 2008-2018 | Peter Driessen |
| 2019 - today | Manfred Goessl |
Other
- Heinz Gumin , Vice President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria from 1975 to 1989 and honorary member of the IHK plenary assembly
- Anton Kathrein , until 2012 Vice President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria
literature
- Harald Winkel: Economy on the move: the economic area of Munich-Upper Bavaria and its Chamber of Commerce and Industry through the ages, 1990, ISBN 3-406-33903-4
- Arthur Cohen and Edmund Simon: History of the Munich Chamber of Commerce since its foundation in 1869, 1926
- 125 years of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria. Munich 1968
- 150 years of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria: for the 150th anniversary of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria on April 7, 1993
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Munich and Upper Bavaria: History of the IHK. Chronology of the IHK from 1900 to 1945. Retrieved on April 23, 2020 .