Isovaleraldehyde

Structural formula
General
Surname	Isovaleraldehyde
other names	3-methylbutanal Isopentanal
Molecular formula	C 5 H 10 O
Brief description	colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 590-86-3 EC number 209-691-5 ECHA InfoCard 100.008.811 PubChem 11552 Wikidata Q409554
properties
Molar mass	86.13 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.80 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	−51 ° C
boiling point	92 ° C
Vapor pressure	61 hPa (20 ° C)
solubility	poor in water (20 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.3902 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 225-317-319-335-411 P: 210-280-305 + 351 + 338-370 + 378-403 + 235
Toxicological data	5600 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Isovaleraldehyde is a chemical compound from the group of aldehydes . With its isomeric compounds valeraldehyde ( n- pentanal), 2-methylbutyraldehyde and pivalaldehyde , it forms the substance group of pentanals .

Occurrence

Isovaleraldehyde occurs as a component of the alarm pheromone in the wasp Vespula vulgaris .

Extraction and presentation

Isovaleraldehyde is produced by the hydroformylation of isobutene .

In 2000 several thousand tons were produced in Germany. This makes it one of the chemical substances that are produced in large quantities (" High Production Volume Chemical ", HPVC) and for which the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) collects data on possible dangers (" Screening Information Dataset ", SIDS).

properties

Isovaleraldehyde is sensitive to light and air and has a viscosity of 0.58 mPas at 20 ° C.

use

Isovaleraldehyde is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of drugs, vitamins , pesticides , solvents and plasticizers .

safety instructions

The vapors of isovaleraldehyde can form an explosive mixture with air ( flash point −3 ° C, ignition temperature 210 ° C).

proof

Isovaleraldehyde can be detected by absorption with a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated glass fiber filter, subsequent desorption with acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic determination by HPLC with a UV detector (365 nm).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Entry on isovaleraldehyde in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 9, 2019(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-342.
3. ↑ Cosmetic products / alarm pheromones from hornets and wasps. (PDF; 87 kB) Cantonal Laboratory Basel, September 21, 2004, accessed on August 22, 2017 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b} Justification on isovaleraldehyde in TRGS 900
5. ^ Fischer-Tropsch.org: Ammoniaklaboratorium Oppau, report no. 2001, 2.1.1946 by Dr. Nienburg, Oxo-Arbeit 1940-1944 ( Memento from August 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.6 MB).
6. ↑ ^{a b} OECD : Screening Information Dataset (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report (SIAR) for butanal, 3-methyl- , accessed on November 4, 2014.