Junier

The Junier ( Latin Iunii ) were an important family ( gens Iunia ) in ancient Rome . They have been known as the plebeian sex since the middle republic , although this was traced back to the patrician Iunii at the beginning of the republic, the existence of which is questioned in modern research.

Origin and family branches

The name Junius is derived from the goddess Juno , possibly also from the month of Junius (June). The Iunii saw a companion of the same name of Aeneas as their mythical ancestor .

The most famous branch of the family were the Iunii Bruti. In addition, the Iunii Silani were important, whose epithet Silanus is probably derived from the mountain forest Sila on the southwestern peninsula of Lower Italy (today Calabria ) (perhaps this family originally came from this area), possibly also from the Greek Silenos . While the branch of the Iunii Bruti became extinct at the end of the republic, the Iunii Silani gained greater importance, especially under the Julian and Claudian emperors.

Important signs point to an early association of the Iunii with Christianity. In 49, Claudius expelled Jews and Christians from Rome. The only exiles Tacitus mentions for this year concern Iunia Calvina and Lollia. Also under Nero several members of the Junius family were charged with foreign superstition and / or incest, which perhaps only reflects the contemporary prejudices against the young religion. The relationship between the famous apostle Junia and the Roman gens, who is greeted by Paul in his letter to the Romans of 56, can no longer be determined due to the large number of namesake.

Well-known namesake

Iunii Bruti

Lucius Junius Brutus : legendary founder of the Roman Republic, (first consul, 509 BC)

Iunia (?), (In Eusebius "Sunia") vestal virgin, condemned in 472 for unchastity

Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva (consul 325 BC) , important plebeian

Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva (Consul 292 BC)

? Decimus Iunius Brutus Pera († 264 BC) The first gladiatorial festivals took place in his honor

Decimus Junius Pera , Roman consul 266 BC. And censor 253 BC Chr.

Marcus Junius Pera , Roman consul 230 BC. BC, censor 225 BC BC, dictator 216 BC Chr.

Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus (Consul 317, 313 and 311 BC)

Gaius Junius Brutus Bubulcus (Consul 291 and 277 BC)

? Publius Junius Brutus (Praetor 190 BC)

? Marcus Junius Brutus (Consul 178 BC)

Marcus Junius Brutus (praetor approx. 140 BC) , co-founder of Roman jurisprudence, father of

Marcus Junius Brutus , after 114 BC Became known as the accuser

? Marcus Junius Brutus (Praetor 88 BC) († 82 BC)

? Marcus Iunius Brutus (tribune of the people) († 77 BC) husband of Servilia , father of the Caesar murderer

Marcus Iunius Brutus : head of the conspiracy against Gaius Iulius Caesar

Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus (consul 138 BC), younger brother of Marcus Junius Brutus (praetor approx. 140 BC) , husband of Clodia, since 129 Augur at the latest, father of

Decimus Junius Brutus (consul 77 BC) , (* around 120; † after 63 BC) spouse of Sempronia
? Iunia, wife of Gaius Claudius Marcellus (praetor 80 BC) , mother of the consul of the same name 50 BC Chr.

? Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus (Praetor 82 BC)

? Decimus Iunius Brutus Albinus (* around 81; † 43), adopted by a Postumius Albinus. One of the conspirators against Caesar

? Iunia (* around 170; † 91)

Iunii Silani

Oldest namesake (filiation mostly unsecured)

Marcus Junius Silanus (Praetor 212 BC)

Marcus Junius Silanus (Praefectus socium) , † 196 BC Chr.

Marcus Junius (mint master) around 137-134 BC Chr., Possibly identical to
Marcus Junius Silanus (Consul 109 BC)

Marcus Junius Silanus (mint master) around 108/107 BC Chr.

Decimus Junius Silanus , Consul 62 BC BC, husband of Servilia

Iunia Prima , wife of procos. Asiae Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus
Iunia Secunda , wife of the later triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Iunia Tertia , * approx. 70 BC BC, † 22 AD, wife of the Caesar murderer Gaius Cassius

Younger namesake (filiation mostly secured)

Decimus Junius Silanus, called 146 BC Chr.

Decimus Junius Silanus (mint master) , approx. 90/89 BC BC, son of Lucius Junius Silanus,

Marcus Junius Silanus (Praetor 77 BC) , proconsular. Quaestor v. Asia

Marcus Junius Silanus (Consul 25 BC) (= PIR² I 830)

Marcus Junius Silanus (= PIR² I 831)

Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus (Consul 19) (= PIR² I 839)

Marcus Junius Silanus (Consul 46) (= PIR² I 833)

Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus (= PIR² I 838)

Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus (Consul 53) (= PIR² I 837)
Lucius Junius Silanus (Praetor 48) (fiance of Octavia ) (= PIR² I 829)
? Iunia Lepida (= PIR² I 861), wife of Gaius Cassius (suffect consul 30), or Iunia Silana (= PIR² I 864)
Iunia Calvina (= PIR² I 856)

Lucius Silanus (= PIR² I 827), son of Marcus Junius Silanus (praetor 77 BC)

? Lucius Silanus (= PIR² I 828)

? Gaius Silanus (= PIR² I 824), possibly son of Marcus Junius Silanus (Praetor 77 BC)

Gaius Junius Silanus (consul 10) AD (= PIR² I 825)

? Gaius Appius Junius Silanus (Consul 28) (= PIR² I 822)

Marcus Iunius Silanus (consul shortly before 56) (= PIR² I 834)

Decimus Silanus (= PIR² I 826)

Decimus Silanus Gaetulicus (= PIR² I 835)

Marcus Junius Silanus Lutatius Catulus (= PIR² I 836)

Marcus Iunius Silanus (suffect consul 15) , (= PIR² I 832)

Iunia Claudilla wife of Caligula (= PIR² I 857)
? Iunia Silana (= PIR² I 864)

Iunia Torquata (Vestal Virgin) (= PIR² I 866)

? Gaius Silanus, perhaps son of Decimus Junius Silanus (mint master) , father of

Gaius Junius Silanus (consul 17 BC) (= PIR² I 823)

Iunii Blaesi

Quintus Junius Blaesus (suffect consul 10)

Quintus Junius Blaesus (suffect consul 28)

Junius Blaesus, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, poisoned by Vitellius in 69 .

Iunii Penni

Marcus Junius Pennus , Roman city praetor 201 BC Chr.

Marcus Junius Pennus , Roman consul 167 BC. Chr.

Marcus Junius Pennus , Roman tribune of the people 126 BC Chr. And Aedile

More cognomina

Junius Gallio, Senator, adopted

L. Iunius Gallio Annaeanus , (suffect consul 56) a brother of Seneca , original name Lucius Annaeus Novatus.

L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (Consul 61)

L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (suffect consul 79)

(D.?) Iunius Paetus suffect consul 127

D. Junius Paetus suffect consul 145

Q. Junius Marullus suffect consul 62
L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus suffect consul II 74, III 83
D. Junius Novius Priscus Consul 78
T. Junius Montanus suffect consul 81
Q. Junius Arulenus Rusticus (suffect consul 92)
Marcus Junius Homullus (suffect consul 102)

* Q. Iunius Rusticus (suffect consul 133, consul 162)

D. Iunius Iuvenalis († n. 127) satirist
M. Junius Homullus (suffect consul 102)

* M. (Junius Homullus?) (Suffect consul 128)

M. Iunius Mettius Rufus (suffect consul 128)
C. Junius Serius Augurinus Consul 132
Canus Junius Niger Consul 138
Quintus Junius Calamus , suffect consul 143
A. Junius Rufinus Consul 153

M. Junius Rufinus Sabinianus Consul 155

T. Junius Severus (suffect consul 154)
A. Junius Pastor Consul 163
C. Junius Donatus Consul II 260
Junius Veldumnianus Consul 272
C. Junius Tiberianus Consul 281 a. 291
M. Junius Maximus Consul II 286
M. Junius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Faustus Paulinus Consul II 298
Junius Annius Bassus Consul 331
Fl. Junius Quartus Palladius Consul 416
Aulus Junius Rufinus , Roman consul 153
Gaius Junius Avitus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Gaius Junius Flavianus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Kanus Junius Niger , Roman suffect consul 138
Marcus Junius Claudianus , Roman officer (imperial era)
Quintus Junius Calamus , Consul 143
Tiberius Junius Iulianus , Roman suffect consul 142
Titus Junius Severus , Roman suffect consul 154
Decimus Junius Paetus , Roman suffect consul 145
Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus (consul 79) , Roman suffect consul 79
Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus (Consul 61) , Roman politician, Consul 61 AD

Other cognomina of the Iunii family are: Iunius Avitus; I. Cilo (chilo); I. Congus; I. (Moderatus) Columella; I. Crassus; I. Diophantus; I. (Caturicus) Faustinus; I. Mauricus; I. nipsus; I. Otho; I. Pennus; I. Philargyrius; I. Pullus; I. Saturninus; I. Seleucus; I. Septimius Verus; I. Serius Augurinus; I. Tadius; I. Valerius; I. vestinus; I. Vibius crispus; I. Victorinus, I. Vir ...; Etc.

literature

Friedrich Münzer : Iunius 1 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume X, 1, Stuttgart 1918, Col. 960 (there, Junius 2–208 , also entries on many Juneers).

Web links

Commons : Junier - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

^ Suetonius , Claudius 25 .; Acts 18.2 EU .
^ Tacitus, Annals 12, 8.
↑ Tacitus, Annalen 12, 22. Lollia was banished because of her association with Chaldeans and magicians.
↑ Because of his knowledge of the Punic language, he was supposed to translate the 28 books of Mago on agriculture into Latin, sh. Pliny Natural History 18.3. Perhaps identical with the adoptive father of the same name of D. Iunius Silanus Manlianus, praetor 142 BC. BC, a biological son of T. Manlius Torquatus, cos. 165 BC BC (Cic. De Fin. 1,7; Livius Epit. 54; Valerius Maximus 5,8,3)

[1] Suetonius , Claudius 25 .; Acts 18.2 EU .

[2] Tacitus, Annals 12, 8.

[3] Tacitus, Annalen 12, 22. Lollia was banished because of her association with Chaldeans and magicians.

[4] Because of his knowledge of the Punic language, he was supposed to translate the 28 books of Mago on agriculture into Latin, sh. Pliny Natural History 18.3. Perhaps identical with the adoptive father of the same name of D. Iunius Silanus Manlianus, praetor 142 BC. BC, a biological son of T. Manlius Torquatus, cos. 165 BC BC (Cic. De Fin. 1,7; Livius Epit. 54; Valerius Maximus 5,8,3)