Jakob Lichius

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Jakob Lichius , also called Jakobus Leichius , (* around 1527 in Cochem ; † September 15, 1584 in Cologne ) was a German humanist , university professor and from 1551 to 1556 rector of the Bursa Cucana in Cologne.

Life

Jakob Lichius came, like his older brother Johannes (1515–1594,) from Cochem on the Moselle . On May 7, 1543 he was entered in the register of the artist faculty of the University of Cologne , but with the misspelled name “Jac. [Obus] de Vlisch”. However, the misspelling of his name is easy to explain. His real name was Jakob von Lisch and with some probability he came from the Lischer- or Lescherhof on the Cochemer Berg, which was first mentioned in a document on July 22, 1294. Assuming that he was around 15 to 16 years old when he enrolled in the artist faculty, he was born around 1527. It is not known where he received his preparatory training for higher studies, but we do know that during the last year he was a scholar of a Cologne Burse, probably the Cucanum . Lichius passed the baccalaureate examination, after two years of philosophical and rhetorical courses and disputations , on Ascension Day 1544, and on May 30 of the same year he was awarded the title of baccalaureus (admissus ad baccalaureatum).

Lichius continued his philosophical studies for about two years until, according to the records of the deanery book, he received the rank of licensed in 1546 . After he started teaching at the Cucanum, he acquired his master's degree in 1548 through the so-called Inceptio and applied on December 22, 1548 to be admitted to the council of the faculty . However, this was only granted conditionally on April 11, 1549. The reason for this was that the reception was bound by the payment of fees and the taking of an oath on the faculty statutes and only became legally valid after the fees had been paid. Since Lichius was among the poor at the time of the baccalaureate examination (Latin pauperes), this led to a source of greater annoyance in connection with other entanglements. Lichius' scientific and pedagogical skills as a master's degree at the Kukanerburse soon attracted so much attention that “people of judgment” believed that he was the right man to actively participate in the reform of the deeply sunken university. In the course of the reform policy, Jakob Lichius received a professorship at the artist faculty from the Cologne city council in 1550; in 1551 he took over the management of the Bursa Cucana.

After taking over the management of the Burse , which was founded by Johannes von Kuyck in 1450 but has since fallen into serious disrepair , he undertook to restructure the Burse in line with the city's ideas. In particular, his teaching programs should combine a linguistic high school education in the humanistic sense with the common, philosophically oriented teaching of the bursa. In 1552 the Cologne Council acquired to accommodate the new college one the Vorkindern of Johann von Holtz belonging house in the Maxi street and then left it structurally for its intended purpose, new remodel. In return for a rent of 30 gold guilders a year , the academic institution was handed over to Rector Lichius and the Burse was named “Nova Tricoronata” based on the Cologne city coat of arms with the three crowns attached to it.

In a protocol of April 4, 1552, the “provisors with the advice of legal scholars were ordered to put in good order what and what form the lectiones should be kept” . Lichius was entrusted with this task, who then developed a newly developed study program in several posters and had them posted on the neighboring churches at Easter 1552 and also sent abroad. However, he could not fail to take the opportunity to criticize the previous course of studies at the artistic faculty with violent failures. Lichius' harsh criticism of the faculty was disapproved, but after the advocacy of his patron Wilich, who knew how to interpret the content of the attacks as favorably as possible, he was informed that his reception would be accepted under one condition. "He should adapt to the other high schools in all respects, carefully observe the statutes of his ancestors and never appeal to the council in a dispute between himself and a faculty member, but always submit to the judgment of the faculty or at least the university" . Lichius made the statement and remarked that "he was far from insulting the faculty and that he did not want to deviate a finger's breadth from its statutes" . Afterwards he swore a new oath in front of the entire faculty, but not without being threatened with the loss of all benefits and income if he did not keep his promise.

According to its name, the new grammar school was opened at Easter 1552, but in reality this did not happen until Pentecost of the same year and classes did not begin until the following Trinity Sunday. In accordance with the will of the Cologne Council, the teaching, in contrast to that of the sister institutions, should not only consist of teaching the so-called studia maiora, i.e. H. Dialectics , rhetoric and physics are satisfied, but also teach the studia minora, i.e. Latin and Greek grammar . To the St. John's in 1554 Lichius, who now followers who had Lutheran had become doctrine, married and therefore a shock to its position as holder of a university stipend of St. Maria ad Gradus , as well, to which he consequently abandoned as rain triggered the Kukanerburse. In the latter, the number of pupils consequently decreased, partly because the citizens got mad about him, partly because his old envious people, namely the rulers of the two other grammar schools, used the opportunity to fish in the murky. It was not until 1556 that the council and the university provisional authorities considered whether or not Lichius could remain in office. The situation became acute when a member of the Domus Cucana was to be elected dean at the election of the deanery in March 1556, according to the usual order. The faculty refused to do so as long as a married man was at the head of the grammar school and asked Lichius to follow his promise that he should give up in favor of his brother Johannes or another unmarried person. Lichius replied,

“His marriage is far better than the immoral bachelor life of others, and he is no less worthy of the leadership of the reign than people who have sullied themselves with greed , simony and other vices; he will defend his right by all means and will not leave the Burse until he is forced to do so by the council. "

- Jakob Lichius :

Lichius spoke these words on the very day when his friend Justus Velsius was expelled from Cologne due to his rejection of Eucharistic adoration and celibacy and brought by boat across the Rhine to the Duchy of Berg on the night of March 26th to 27th, 1556 has been. Lichius stood up for the exile by posting on the cathedral that he wanted to publicly defend his actions, which some regarded as a sign of mental disorder. Thereupon the Cologne council arranged on June 16, 1556 to enter into negotiations with Lichius so that he could vacate the Burse , leaving behind a debt of 100 thalers and several years of rent. After receiving another four months' leave of absence on October 4, 1556, shortly afterwards he handed over all Burse files to the newly elected dean of the arts faculty with the simultaneous waiver of all rights to them and looked for a new apartment. Lichius left the house on January 28, 1557 and lived as a private teacher with a good reputation in Cologne until his death. Nevertheless, he was continually harassed by the council, which did not want to tolerate that Catholicism is endangered by teachers of the Protestant direction, with measures and expulsion orders. On the other hand, too much respect was paid to the merits of the former director of the Kukanerburse to venture to take the ultimate step. After his death in 1594 he was on the Geusenfriedhof buried in front of the pond gate in Cologne.

Complementary

Lichius was a recognized Latin , which he proved in 1551 by publishing a collection of speeches from the work of Titus Livius , and he also spoke Greek and Hebrew .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h The Marzellen Gymnasium in Cologne 1450–1911: Pictures from its history: Festschrift, The Gymnasium on the occasion of its relocation, Dedicated by the former students, edited by Professor Dr. Jos. Klinkenberg, 1911, In: Archive.org
  2. ↑ Jacobus Cochemensis, Bibliotheca Coloniensis In Qua, Josephus Hartz Home, Anno MDCCXLVIL in the Google Book Search
  3. ^ Publication of the Society for Rhenish History VIII, The Cologne University Matriculation, Volume Three, Supplements 1389–1559, Register Volumes I and II, Bonn Verlag by P. Hanstein 1931, Alphabetical Main Register, p. 600
  4. ↑ Other sources call it “Iacobus Cochemensis de lisch” (pauper, German poor), In: 50 Jahre Cochem-Brauheck, 1961–2011, by Günter Bretz, p. 10 f. or “Jacobus Cochemensis de Vlisch ad artes iuravit et solvit”, In: Das Marzellen Gymnasium in Cologne 1450–1911, pictures from its history, p. 22.
  5. ↑ Jacobus Leichius, the old University of Cologne and the later scholars schools of this city for archival and other reliable sources of Franz Joseph Bianco, Part I, first division: the old University of Cologne. Printed by Chr. Sehln, Cologne 1855 in the Google book search
  6. ^ The Bursa and the old university, Laura Valentini, In: University of Cologne
  7. ^ Leich, Jakob, In: Cerl Thesaurus
  8. ↑ Jacobus Leichius: T. Livii Patavini secundi dicendi magistri ... conciones, Cologne: Heinrich Mameramus 1551 (detected only in Xanten, probably the only specimen preserved this Livy-pressure), p 1, In: Stiftsmuseum Xanten (PDF)
personal data
SURNAME Lichius, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leichius, James
BRIEF DESCRIPTION dean
DATE OF BIRTH around 1527
PLACE OF BIRTH Cochem
DATE OF DEATH September 15, 1584
Place of death Cologne