James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope

James Richard Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope

James Richard Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope, 13th Earl of Chesterfield KG MC DSO PC ( November 11, 1880 - August 15, 1967 ) was a British Conservative Party politician who inherited the title of 7th Earl Stanhope in 1905 and thereby was a member of the House of Lords for 62 years until his death . He also served as Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937, Minister of Education from 1937 to 1938, First Lord of the Admiralty from 1938 to 1939, and Lord President of the Council from 1939 to 1940 .

Life

Family origin

Stanhope was a descendant of James Stanhope , who in 1718 in the Peerage of Great Britain was awarded the hereditary title of nobility (Hereditary Peerage) of 1st Earl Stanhope .

His father was Arthur Philip Stanhope , who was a member of the House of Commons for several years and in 1875 inherited the title of 6th Earl Stanhope and the subordinate titles of nobility, making him a member of the House of Lords. He has also served between 1890 and his death in 1905 as Lord Lieutenant of the County of Kent . His mother Evelyn Henrietta Pennefather was the daughter of Richard Pennefather, who was temporarily Secretary of State in Ireland. His younger brother Richard Philip Stanhope took part in the First World War as captain of the Grenadier Guards and fell on September 15, 1916.

Military career and member of the House of Lords

Stanhope joined the Grenadier Guards in 1901, one of the regiments of the Guards Division , and took part in the Second Boer War in 1902 . In 1904 he was promoted to lieutenant .

After the death of his father on April 19, 1905, Stanhope inherited the title of 7th Earl Stanhope and the subordinate titles of nobility as 7th Viscount Stanhope of Mahon, in the island of Minorca and 7th Baron Stanhope of Elvaston, in the County of Derby . As a result, he became a member of the House of Lords and was a member for 62 years until his death on August 15, 1967.

He served from 1906 to 1908 as an aide-de-camp of the commander ( General Officer Commanding ) of the Military District of London and was established in 1908 initially to captain and in 1909 for Major transported. In 1910 he was elected a member of the London County Council , the county council of the then County of London , in which he represented the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham until 1913 .

First World War and junior minister

At the beginning of the First World War , Earl Stanhope returned as a captain to active military service in 1914 and was promoted to major and lieutenant colonel in 1916 . For his military merits he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) in 1916 and the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1917 .

After the war he took over in 1918 in the coalition government of Prime Minister David Lloyd George his first government post and held until 1919, the role as Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of War (Parliamentary Secretary to the War Office ) . During the tenure of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin , he held the position of Civil Lord of the Admiralty between November 6, 1924 and June 4, 1929, and was last appointed to the Privy Council in 1929 .

Earl Stanhope, the 1930 also a trustee of the National Portrait Gallery in London, took over that of Ramsay MacDonald formed on August 25, 1931 National Government (National Government) function as Under Secretary in the Ministry of War (Under-Secretary of State for War ) and was as such at the same time until 1934 Vice President of the Army Council (Vice President of the Army Council) . In 1934 he was inducted into the Order of the Garter , the most exclusive order of knights in the United Kingdom and one of the most prestigious in Europe.

He then held in the National Government MacDonald and his successor as prime minister, Stanley Baldwin , 1934-1936 function as Under Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs ) . At the same time he was between 1935 and 1937 a member of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster and thus belonged to the advisory staff of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster .

Minister in the Baldwin and Chamberlain Governments

Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin appointed Earl Stanhope for the first time on June 16, 1937, as the successor to William Ormsby-Gore as Minister for Public Works (First Commissioner of Works) .

After Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain took office on May 28, 1937, he took over the post of Minister of Education (President of the Board of Education) , which he held until his replacement by Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr on October 27, 1938. At the same time he acted between February 21, 1938 and May 14, 1940 as leader of the government majority (Leader of the House of Lords) . As part of a restructuring of the Chamberlain government, he took over from Duff Cooper on October 27, 1938, the post of First Lord of the Admiralty (First Lord of the Admiralty) , which he held until shortly after the start of the Second World War on September 3, 1939, as he was replaced by Winston Churchill .

Earl Stanhope then took over on September 3, 1939, from Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford , the function of Lord President of the Council , which he held until Winston Churchill took office as Prime Minister on May 10 1940 held.

marriage

On August 2, 1952 he inherited from his childless deceased relative Edward Henry Scudamore-Stanhope, 12th Earl of Chesterfield , the title of 13th Earl of Chesterfield, first awarded in the Peerage of England in 1616, and the associated title of 13th Baron Stanhope of Shelford, in the County of Nottingham .

Earl Stanhope was married to Lady Eileen Agatha Browne since April 16, 1921, daughter of George Ulick Browne, 6th Marquess of Sligo . Since this marriage remained childless, the nobility titles of the Earl of Stanhope , the Earl of Chesterfield and the Baron of Stanhope of Shelford , while the nobility titles of the Viscount Stanhope of Mahon and the Baron of Stanhope of Elvaston of his relative William Stanhope, 11th Earl of Harrington .

Web links

• James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope at Hansard (English)
• Entry in Cracroft's Peerage
• Entry in Leigh Rayment Peerage
• James Richard Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope on thepeerage.com , accessed August 19, 2015.
• Newspaper article about James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .

predecessor	Office	successor
Arthur Philip Stanhope	Earl Stanhope 1905-1967	Title expired
Arthur Philip Stanhope	Viscount Stanhope 1905-1967	William Stanhope
Edward Scudamore-Stanhope	Earl of Chesterfield 1952-1967	Title expired
Duff Cooper	First Lord of the Admiralty 1938–1939	Winston Churchill