Jean-Paul-Égide Martini

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JPE Martini

Jean-Paul-Égide Martini (born August 31, 1741 in Freystadt , Upper Palatinate , Electorate of Bavaria ; † February 14, 1816 (according to other information: February 10, 1816) in Paris ; born Johann Paul Aegidius Martin ; also called Johann Paul Aegidius Schwarzendorf and Martini il Tedesco ) was a Franco-German composer .

Life

Martini's parents were the school teacher and organist Andreas Martin and his wife Barbara, who died when Johann was six years old. Martini first came to the Jesuit seminar in Neuburg an der Donau , where he was already active as an organist at the age of eleven. He then moved to Freiburg im Breisgau to study philosophy, but he soon broke off this course because he felt more connected to music. On the following wandering he took the code name Schwarzendorf . In 1760 he came to Nancy in Lorraine , where he returned to his family name in the Italianized form Martini and in 1764 married Marguerite Camelot, who also came from a family of organists. From 1768 to 1772 he was Sous-lieutenant à la Suite (surplus) in the Régiment de Chamborant Houzards . Martini achieved his greatest successes after moving to Paris , where he mainly composed operas and marching music. To distinguish it, his works were published by the Italian composer Giovanni Battista Martini under the name Martini il Tedesco ("the German"). In 1788, for an additional payment of 16,000  livres, he was appointed surintendant de la musique du roi as court musician with responsibility for church music and at the same time director of the most important Parisian theaters and was to take up these offices after the death of his predecessor.

The outbreak of the French Revolution prevented this, Martini lost his offices with the fall of the monarchy in 1792 and fled the unrest to Lyon . In 1796 the Directory gave him another job at the Conservatoire de Musique , but the operas composed there were not very successful, so that in 1802 he was dismissed again during the consulate . Subsequently, he devoted himself to church music and wrote a three-volume organ school. By the time he was past 70, he saw the Restoration and the return of the Bourbons . In 1814 he was by King Louis XVIII. finally appointed to the position of surintendant de la musique du Roi , which had already been promised in 1788 . Finally, he composed a requiem in honor of the executed King Louis XVI. , which premiered three weeks before his own death in Saint-Denis Cathedral . Martini himself was given a splendid burial in the Père Lachaise cemetery . The honorary grave is no longer preserved, however, as the concession was no longer paid.

meaning

Matini's works found varying recognition among his contemporaries. Some of his operas, including L'Amoureux de quinze ans (1771) and Le Droit du Seigneur (1783) were very successful and remained popular for a long time. Other operas, especially from the Revolutionary era, failed the audience. He earned services for the reform of French military music, which he enriched with German elements. His songs, which are characterized by soulful melodies and independent accompaniment, and his church music were also valued. François-Joseph Fétis judged that he had significant talent, but the lack of systematic training prevented him from completing elaborate works of art.

Modern performances of his works, for example at the Martini - Schwarzendorf 1957 Festival in Nancy, at the Martini Festivals 2002 and 2016 in Freystadt or by the Neuburg Chamber Opera in 2005, remained singular and so far have not led to a sustainable establishment of Martini's works on the stages or concert podiums. There are almost no recordings of his works on sound carriers. Thus, for the time being, Martini's fame will be based on a single song: the immortal Plaisir d'amour .

Works (selection)

The international online source directory for music RISM contains 329 numbers with compositions and titles of martinis, some with incipits , including operas and numerous opera arrangements, some of which were created by the composer himself. These are piano reductions, excerpts for voice and piano, voice and guitar, voice and harp. Compositions are displayed under titles such as Duo , Chanson , Romances , Air or Ariette . There are also quite a few sacred works such as a Mass Solemnelle for large choir and orchestra, 4- and 5-part sacred chants, chorales , hymns and educational works for organ or voice. Martini's works are held internationally in numerous libraries and locations from America to Russia, Italy to Sweden, France and Germany and others. RISM records locations and more.

Operas

  • La Convalescence de Thémire (Gaultier), diveritssement in 1 act (February 20, 1765 Fléville)
  • L'Amoureux de quinze ans ( La double fête ) op.7, Opera comique in 3 acts, first performance April 18, 1771 ( Score  - Internet Archive ; libretto in Germanhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DfBxYAAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3DLibretto%20in%20deutscher%20Ssprach~PUR%3D )
  • Le Nouveau-né ( Pierre Laujon ), comédie mêlée d'ariettes in 3 acts (1772 Chantilly)
  • Le Fermier cru sourd ou Les Méfiances (Pierre Laujon), comédie mêlée d'ariettes in 3 acts (7 December 1772 Paris, Comédie-Italienne, Bourgogne)
  • Le Rendez-vous bien employé ( Louis Anseaume ), comédie-parade in 1 act (10 February 1774 Paris, Comédie-Italienne, Bourgogne)
  • Henry IV , Drame Lyrique in 3 acts, November 14, 1774
  • Le Droit du Seigneur , Opera in 3 acts, 1783
  • L'Amant Sylphe ou La Féerie de l'amour (Antoine-François Quétant), comédie mêlée d'ariettes in 3 acts (October 24, 1783 Fontainebleau)
  • Annette et Lubin , Opera comique in 1 act, text: Charles-Simon Favart , February 6, 1789 ( Score  - Internet Archive )
  • Sapho , tragedy in 3 acts, text: Constance-Marie Pipelet de Leury , Paris December 12, 1794
  • Sophie de Pierrefeu ou Le Sésastre de Messine (Jacques-Antoine de Révéroni Saint-Cyr), drame lyrique / fait historique in 3 acts (1797/98, not listed)
  • Ziméo (Jean-Baptiste Lourdet de Santerre), Opera in 3 acts (October 16, 1800 Paris, Feydeau)
  • La Maison louée ou La Maison à deux maîtres (François-Georges Desfontaines-Lavallée), comédie mêlée d'ariettes in 3 acts (August 30, 1806 Paris, Opéra-comique, Feydeau)

Church music

  • Mass Solemnelle for large choir and large orchestra
  • Mass des morts à grand orchester 1815
  • 8 Masses No. 1–8

Psalms

  • Te Deum Concert spirituel 1790 (lost)
  • Te Deum 1809
  • Domine salvum fac Imperatore Napoleonem 1809
  • 6 psaumes 1805
  • Salutaris hostia 1809
  • 6 salutaris hostia 1815
  • Deus Deus meus 1815
  • Domine in virtute tua 1815
  • Domine salvum fa regem 1815
  • Ecce sacerdos magnus 1815
  • Laudate Dominum 1815
  • Laudate pueri Dominum 1815

Orchestral works

  • Symphony in D major - 2 Ob, 2 Hr, Str (1768)
  • 6 symphonies for strings (1768)
  • 6 trios à grand orchester (1770)
  • Suite d'airs (1773)
  • Symphony, perf. (1775)
  • Allegretto in: François-Charlemagne Lefebvre, Héro et Leander (1799)
  • Danse militaire et villageois (1807)

Works for wind band (Orchester d'Harmonie)

  • Hymn pour le Republique - Text: Marie-Joseph Chénier
  • Hymn pour le festival le 22nd semptembre - Text: Leclerc

Chamber music

  • 6 quartets op. 1 for strings (alternatively flute / oboe)
  • 4 Divertimenti op. 3 for harpsichord and strings
  • 6 trios for harpsichord obligato, violin and violoncello (1766)
  • 6 Notturni (1768)

Political songs and hymns

  • Prière pour le roi (1793)
  • Chant funèbre (1794)
  • Hymn à l'agriculture (1796)
  • Anniversaire de la fondation de la République (1798)
  • Chant trimphal (1798)
  • Chant d'allégresse (1801)

Songs and Romances (arrangements for voice and piano)

  • Airs du Droit du seigneur, 3 romances nouvelles (1784), including Plaisir d'amour
  • Petites airs de chant (1785)
  • Rondes, ariettes & romances (1792)
  • 4e recueil de petits airs de chant (1794)
  • Arcabone magicienne
  • Scène héroique, ou Cantate sur le mariage de Sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoleon avec SA (1810)
  • Hymn to Apollon (1811)
  • Cantata (1815)
  • Plaintes de Maria Stuart

Educational works

  • Mélopée modern, or L'art du chant réduit en principes
  • Plan d'institution d'une musique et éducation nationale
  • Ecole d'orgue
  • Traité élémentaire d'harmonie et de composition

Honors

The Impasse Martini , a small side street in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, was named in his honor.

Martini's birth town, Freystadt, marked the 200th anniversary of his death in 2016 as the Martini year.

reception

The writer Hans Regensburger published the historical-biographical novel Plaisir d'amour about the life of Martinis in 2016 .

literature

  • Antoine-Vincent Arnault: Biography nouvelle des contemporains. Volume 13: Marm – Monn. Librairie Historique, Paris 1824, pp. 45–47 ( digitized version ).
  • Francis Claudon: Schwarzendorff-Martini en séjour à la cour de Stanislas (1760-1764). In: Yves Ferraton (Ed.): Musique en Lorraine. Contribution à l'histoire de la musique à Nancy XVIIe - XXe siècles. Colloque de Nancy, October 6 and 7, 1992. Klincksieck, Paris 1994, ISBN 2-252-02973-0 , pp. 163-168.
  • Robert Eitner: Biographical-bibliographical source lexicon of musicians and music scholars of the Christian era up to the middle of the 19th century. 6th volume. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1902, pp. 359–361, Eitner digital (PDF; 6.9 MB) University of Zurich.
  • Elisabeth Faust: Jean Paul Egide Martini and his time 1741–1816. A man from Upper Palatinate achieved world fame. Exhibition catalog for the Martini Festival in Neumarkt. Katholisches Bildungswerk, Neumarkt 2002, OCLC 163889558 .
  • François-Joseph Fétis: Biography universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique. 2nd Edition. 6th volume. Firmin Didot Frères, Paris 1864, pp. 7–9 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • SL:  Martini, Martini il Tedesco. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 11 (Lesage - Menuhin). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7 , Sp. 1202–1204 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  • Hermann Mendel, August Reissmann: Musical Conversations Lexicon. Volume 7: M-Paisiello. Oppenheim, Berlin 1877, pp. 91-92 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Arthur Pougin: Musiciens français du XVIIIe siècle: Martini. N. Chaix, Paris 1864, OCLC 4564460 . Reprint from Revue et gazette musicale de Paris 1864 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • François Sabatier: L'Ecole d'orgue de Martini: son influence sur la technique des maîtres français du XIXe siècle. In: L'orgue: histoire - technique - esthétique - musique, No. 237 (1996), ISSN  0030-5170 , pp. 9-21.
  • Georg Widenbauer : A forgotten Upper Palatinate sound poet: Johann Paul Aegid Martini. In: Unser Bayern , 3rd year (1954), No. 10, ZDB -ID 125717-1 , p. 76 f.

Web links

Commons : Jean-Paul-Égide Martini  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Most reference works, following Fétis ' Biographie universelle des musiciens (1840; digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D-j7MCuKwrR8C~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D303~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ), indicate February 10th. In contrast, the grave site document of the Père Lachaise cemetery ( online ( memento of the original dated February 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) set February 14th as the day of death. Older reference works such as the biography universelle et portative des contemporains (1826; digitized version ) also state February 14th. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / schule-freystadt.dehttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dp98vAAAAYAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D493~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D
  2. ^ Uwe Mitsching: Jean Paul Egide Martini: Renaissance for the 200th anniversary of death? In: Neumarkter Nachrichten , January 8, 2016, accessed on January 19, 2016
  3. ↑ Historique complet fin 69e. ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Association Lorraine de Musique de Chambre, accessed on September 6, 2017 (PDF; 561 KB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.almc.fr
  4. ↑ Freystadt Martini year 2016  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.martini.freystadt.de  
  5. ^ Wolfgang Fellner: A year for Freystadt's most famous son. In: Neumarkter Nachrichten , January 11, 2016, accessed on January 18, 2016.
  6. ^ Hans Regensburger: Plaisir d'amour - The composer Jean Paul Egide Martini tells . Spielberg Verlag, Regensburg-Neumarkt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95452-690-1 ( reading sample ).
personal data
SURNAME Martini, Jean-Paul-Égide
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Martin, Johann Paul Aegidius (maiden name); Schwarzendorf, Johann Paul Aegidius; Tedesco, Martini il
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-French composer
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1741
PLACE OF BIRTH Freystadt
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 1816 or February 14, 1816
Place of death Paris