Johann Crüger
Johann Crüger ( Sorbian Jan Krygaŕ , born April 9th July / April 19, 1598 greg. In Groß Breesen ; † February 23rd July / March 5, 1662 greg. In Berlin ) was a composer of well-known Protestant hymns .
Life
Johann Crüger was born near Guben in Niederlausitz , a mixed area of the Sorbian and German language and culture. It is therefore assumed that Crüger had Sorbian roots, but this has not yet been confirmed. His father Georg Crüger was an innkeeper, his mother Ulrike geb. Kohlheim pastor's daughter. Until 1613 he attended the Latin school in Guben.
On his subsequent wanderings via Sorau and Breslau , he came to Regensburg , where he received his first musical training from Paulus Homberger (1560–1634). On the other walk he came in 1615 to Berlin, where Crüger at Berlinische school to the Gray Abbey to the study of theology prepared. From 1620 he studied theology at the University of Wittenberg and continued his musical education in self-tuition. From 1622 until his death he was a teacher at the Gymnasium Zum Grauen Kloster for 40 years and at the same time cantor of the St. Nicolai Church in Berlin.
One of his stepdaughters, Anna Maria Helena Aschenbrenner (* 1625) married the court painter Michael Conrad Hirt , who also portrayed him.
plant
Johann Crüger is the creator of numerous concert works and music pedagogical writings. In 1643 he met the famous hymn poet Paul Gerhardt , for whom he set various sacred songs to music. In 1640 he published the collection of Newes Vollkömliches hymns . From the second edition of 1647 it appeared under the title Praxis Pietatis Melica (Exercise of Piety in Chants), which became the most important Protestant hymn book of the 17th century in German-speaking countries. During Crüger's lifetime alone, this work appeared - many times changed and expanded - in ten editions, of which not all versions have survived.
In the Geistliche Kirchen-Melodien published in 1649 , conceived as a book to accompany the third edition of Praxis Pietatis Melica published a year earlier and now lost , there are 161 chorales in mostly four-part cantional movements; In 108 numbers, Crüger added two concerting upper parts (violins or tines) ad libitum. This collection alone contains more than 20 chorale melodies by Crüger's compositions, including eight poems by his compatriot Johann Franck . The church music importance of clergy churches melodies lies in the fact that Crüger created here a new, instrumental supported type of polyphonic community chorale, he 1657/58 in which the reformed Brandenburg courtyard designed double hymnal Psalmodia Sacra / Sacred Songs and Psalms again and partly in an expanded form (4–5 trombones instead of 2 violins) and received a broad response from the hymn composers of subsequent generations.
In the current Protestant hymnal can be found, depending on the regional edition, at least 18 of his melodies and choruses, including How should I receive you , Praise the Lord all those who honor him , Cheerful should my heart jump and Deck thyself, O dear soul .
Work editions
- Emanuel Christian Gottlob Langbecker (Ed.): Johann Crüger's Choral-Melodien: communicated from the best sources strictly according to the original, and accompanied by a brief outline of the life and work of this sacred song composer. Eichler, Berlin 1835 ( digitized version in the German Digital Library ).
- Holger Eichhorn, Martin Lubenow (Ed.): Johann Crüger - Critical Edition of Selected Works . Musiche Varie, Germersheim 2014.
- Volume I: Spiritual Church Melodies 1649 . ISBN 978-3-9816780-1-7 .
- Volume II: Spiritual songs and psalms 1657. ISBN 978-3-9816780-2-4 .
- Volume III: Psalmodia Sacra 1658. ISBN 978-3-9816780-3-1 .
- Burkard Rosenberger (Ed.): Johann Crügers 'Geistliche Kirchen-Melodien' (1649): Text-critical edition (= Scientific writings of the WWU Münster: Series XVIII; Vol. 3). Monsenstein and Vannerdat, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-8405-0111-1 ( digital full text via the university publication server of the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster).
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Crüger, Johann. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1172-1174.
- Christian Bunners : Johann Crüger (1598–1662): Berlin musician and cantor, Lutheran song and hymn book creator. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86596-371-0 .
- Arrey von Dommer : Crüger, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 623 f.
- Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht : Crüger (Krüger), Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 428 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Wolfgang Herbst: Who is who in the hymnal? Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-50323-7 , p. 66 ff. ( Limited preview in the Google book search)
- Lothar Noack, Jürgen Splett: Bio-bibliographies: Brandenburg scholars of the early modern times. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-05-002840-8 , pp. 103–117 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- Dietrich Nummert : At the age of 24 already music director - cantor and teacher Johann Crüger . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 4, 1998, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 64-68 ( luise-berlin.de ).
Web links
- Publications by and about Johann Crüger in VD 17 .
- Works by and about Johann Crüger in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Works by and about Johann Crüger in the German Digital Library
- Johann Crüger in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)
- Crüger, Johann . Entry in the database of the Oberpfälzer Kulturbund (currently not available)
- Sheet music and audio files by Johann Crüger in the International Music Score Library Project
- Sheet music in the public domain by Johann Crüger in the Choral Public Domain Library - ChoralWiki (English)
- Consortium of European Research Libraries : Johann Crüger Catalog of Works
- www.johann-crueger.de : Detailed information on the sources of Crüger's hymn books (bibliographical information, tables of contents, registers, scoring lists) as well as text-critical or practical, freely available editions of the hymns contained therein.
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian Bunners: Johann Crüger (1598–1662) - Berlin musician and cantor, Lutheran song and hymn book creator : essays, portraits, text documents (= art, music and theater studies. ISSN 1862-6114 . Volume 11). Frank & Timme, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86596-371-0 , p. 179 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Ekhart Berckenhagen: Hirt, Michael Conrad. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 236 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ 547: 718285M in VD 17 .
- ↑ Burkard Rosenberger (Ed.): Johann Crügers "Spiritual Church Melodies". Critical Edition ( Introduction ), accessed May 30, 2020.
- ↑ Music publisher MVSICHE VARIE
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Crüger, Johann |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Crüger, Johannes; Crügerus, Johannes; Krüger, Johann; Krüger, Johannes; Krygaŕ, Jan |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German composer of hymns |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 19, 1598 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Great Breesen near Guben |
DATE OF DEATH | March 5, 1662 |
Place of death | Berlin |