Johann Dzierzon

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Johann Dzierzon (1901)
Johann Dzierzon

Johann Dzierzon (Polish Jan Dzierżoń ) (born January 16, 1811 in Lowkowitz (now Łowkowice ), Upper Silesia ; †  October 26, 1906 there ) was a Silesian priest . He became known as a bee researcher ; as early as 1857 he was called the "Silesian father of bees".

Origin and education

Johann Dzierzon came from an Upper Silesian farming family. His parents were Maria Dzierzon geb. Jantos (1781–1841) and Simon Dzierzon (1774–1850), son of Maria Dzierzon geb. Kaluza and Johann Dzierzon (* 1750). The youngest son of his brother Joseph Dzierzon (1812-1884), Franz Dzierzon (1853-1935), was a farmer and also a beekeeper in Lowkowitz, on whose estate Johann Dzierzon spent the last years of his life. The descendants of the family of the nephew Franz came to West Germany in the flight and expulsion of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe from 1945 to 1950 .

After attending the Breslauer Gymnasium, which Johann Dzierzon left in 1830 as Primus Omnium , he studied Catholic theology at the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Breslau and was ordained priest for the Diocese of Breslau in 1834 .

Dzierzon is said to have formulated his position regarding his nationality as follows:

“As far as my nationality is concerned, however, as my name suggests, I am Polish by birth, as Polish is spoken in Upper Silesia. But since I came to Breslau at the age of 10 and went through my studies there, I am a German by upbringing. But science knows no borders, no nationality. - Katowice 29/9 1872. - Joh. Dzierzon Dr. “

The quote was abbreviated in a Polish book from 1960:

"Regarding my nationality, however, as my name suggests, I am a Pole ... - Katowice 29/9 1872. - Joh. Dzierżon dr."

His own curriculum vitae from 1885, written in German, contains no such quote.

theologian

After ordination, Dzierzon became chaplain in Schalkendorf ( Siolkowice ), in 1835 parish administrator and in 1838 pastor in Karlsmarkt (today Karłowice ) near Brieg . After a dispute with the Karlsmarkt tenant, who had accused him of neglecting his official duties at the Ordinariate in Breslau, Dzierzon renounced the office of pastor in 1869 and professed Old Catholicism from 1873 . In 1884 he returned to Lowkowitz. After talks with the Lowkowitz pastor Scholtyssek, he reconciled on April 6, 1905 with the Roman Catholic Church .

Bee researcher

Twin beehives designed by Dzierzon in Nordisk familjebok , 1906

Even during his studies, Dzierzon was interested in the life of bees. The subsequent chaplain and pastor activity allowed him to work as a practical farmer and beekeeper. He was the first beekeeper to build movable wooden strips into his beehives, which made it possible to harvest honey without destroying the hive and to directly observe the inside of the hive. So he could realize a higher honey yield; He also succeeded in discovering unisexual reproduction ( parthenogenesis ) in bees in 1853 by holding the semen containers of fertilized and unfertilized queens up to the light and comparing their appearance and content with the naked eye. This discovery was scientifically confirmed in 1855 by Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold and Rudolf Leuckart - after long arguments between the pastor and his church, which classified the thesis of the virgin generation (of the drones) as a heretical blasphemy, whereupon he found the leading contemporary beekeeper at the time , August von Berlepsch , asked for help. The Augustinian monk and natural scientist Gregor Mendel , who was also an enthusiastic bee researcher, also sought scientific exchange with Dzierzon.

In the main time of his beekeeping activity, Dzierzon looked after over 400 bee colonies. Dzierzon passed on his experiences through lectures, exhibitions and publications and founded beekeeping associations and societies. His apiaries in Karlsmarkt and Lowkowitz could be visited by eager beekeepers and, according to articles in the bee newspaper, they could be bought from his nephew Franz Dzierzon († 1935).

Johann Dzierzon is mentioned in Maja Lunde's 2017 novel The Story of Bees . It also describes the structure of the beehives he designed.

Honors

The Grazer Landwirtsgesellschaft awarded Dzierzon an honorary diploma, which was presented to him by Archduke Johann . In 1903 Dzierzon was presented to the Austrian emperor . His birthplace Lowkowitz (now Łowkowice ) in the Kreuzburg OS district was renamed Bienendorf in 1936 in memory of his work . The town of Reichenbach in the Owl Mountains was renamed Rychbach in 1945 and Dzierżoniów in his honor . On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death, the Polish postal administration issued a special stamp in 1956. An important modern award for beekeepers is the Dr. Johannes Dzierzon Medal . On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of his death, a tombstone with a Polish inscription was added to his grave:

Here in God rests
the venerated old master
of beekeeping,
Pastor
Dr. Johann Dzierzon
Ritter pp
* January 16, 1811
† October 26, 1906
Rest gently!
Truth, truth about everything!

Tu spoczywa wielki uczony twórca nowoczesnego pszczelarstwa
żarliwy patriota i obrońca polskiego ludu na Śląsku, Ks.Dr
Jan Dzierżon
Płytę ta ufundowało w 60 days rocznice śmierci
Zborskień
1966 Zborskień

Translation:
Here rests the great scholar, founder of modern beekeeping,
ardent patriot and defender of the Polish people in Silesia,

Pastor Dr. Jan Dzierżon

This plate was donated to the 60th anniversary of the death of the
people of Kreuzburger Land
on October 26, 1966

Works

Dzierzon published several journals:

  • 1848–1852: Practice of the new bee friend
  • 1854–1856: The bee friend from Silesia
  • 1861–1878: Rational beekeeping
  • By his own admission Dzierzon published most of his article to beekeeping in the Beck-Verlag in Nördlingen laid Bienenzeitung , the official organ of beekeepers
  • The Dzierzon articles contained in the Frauendörfer Blätter were collected by Rentmeister Bruckisch from Grottkau and published under the titles:
    • New improved beekeeping by Johann Dzierzon, Brieg 1849
    • New improved beekeeping by the pastor Dzierzon zu Carlsmarkt in Silesia, 1861
  • Biography of himself, dated August 4, 1885 ( printed in the local calendar of the Kreuzburg district / OS 1931, pp. 32–28 )
  • The twin stick, 1890
  • Translations into Polish:
    • Nowe udoskonalenie pszczelnictwa ks. plebana Dzierżona. Leszno 1851 and 1859 ( Translator: Lompa)
    • Najnowsze pszelnictwo. Lwów 1853 ( Translator : Wisocki)

Catalog raisonné

  • A catalog of works can be found in: W. Horn u. S. Schenkling, Index litteraturae entomologicae , 1928/29, pp. 307-310. This volume contains the world literature on the entire entomology up to 1863. For Dzierzon up to this period ( under the consecutive numbers 89 to 184 ) 95 exclusively German-language publications are listed.

literature

  • Martin Müllerott:  Dzierzon, Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 214 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Norbert Willisch: Truth, truth about everything! In the footsteps of the "Silesian bee father" Dr. Johannes Dzierzon in Silesia and Bavaria.
    • Translation by Maria Elisabeth Froitzheim: Prawda, prawda nade wszystko. Śladami 'śląskiego ojca pszczelarstwa' dr. Jana Dzierżona na Śląsku iw Bawarii . In: Konwersatorium im. Josepha von Eichendorffa / Joseph von Eichendorff Konversatorium. Zeszyty Edukacji Kulturalnej No. 39, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2003, ISSN  1232-5694
  • R. Gärtner: Johann Dzierzon . In: Schlesische Lebensbilder , Vol. IV, 1931, pp. 396–402
  • Victor Kaluza : The trip to Lowkowitz. A report about the bee father Dzierzon . 1931.
  • Karl Fleischer: Dr. Joh. Dzierzon, the old master of German beekeepers . In: Series of publications by the Association for Upper Silesian Local Studies , Oppeln 1932, Issue 4, pp. 9-14
  • Karl Fleischer: Dr. Johannes Dzierzon . 1956
  • Upper Silesian Bibliography . Leipzig 1938, p. 425f.
  • JF Gaertner: The latest beekeeping according to the principles of Pastor Dzierzon zu Carlsmarkt in Silesia . 1854
  • C. Th. Arnold: The golden rules of beekeeping according to Dr. Dzierzon, von Berlepsch and other masters . 1885
  • Johann Adamek: Old Master Dr. Dzierzon in the light of Polish bee magazines . In: Series of publications by the Association for Upper Silesian Local Studies , Oppeln 1932, Issue 4, pp. 14-17
  • Jacek Koraszewski: Ks. Jan Dzierżon . In: Zaranie Śląskie Vol. 7, 1931, pp. 168–170

Individual evidence

  1. The inscription "43rd Wander-Versammlung" on the far left refers to the 1898 meeting in Salzburg. In a 1936 painting by Stefan Dylewski (1881–1966), the German-language inscription was painted over with the Polish national colors red and white.
  2. Dzierzon Silesian bee father in the book of 1857
  3. Martin Müllerott:  Dzierzon, Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 214 f. ( Digitized version ).
  4. Včela moravská : organ Zemských ústředi spolkù včelařských per Moravu a Slezko, Volume 66, 1932 page 31 , with reference to an output of the Bartnik postepowy .
  5. Przegląd zoologiczny, Vol. 4–5, Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe, 1960 p. 202 .
  6. ^ V. Scholtyssek: The return of Dr. Dzierzons to the Catholic Church. In: Dr. Johannes Dzierzon - the old master of the Upper Silesian and German beekeepers. Series of publications by the Association for Upper Silesian Local Studies, Oppeln 1932, Issue 4, pp. 18-20.
  7. Bee newspapers: Franz Dzierzon, nephew of Johann Dzierzon, farmer and beekeeper, worked together with his uncle .
  8. Maja Lunde: The story of the bees . btb Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3442756841
  9. Member entry of Johannes Dzierzon at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 26, 2015.
  10. Honors of the Rhineland Beekeeping Association ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 94 kB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.imkerverbandrheinland.de
  11. ^ Photo of the grave of Johann Dzierzon

Web links

Commons : Johann Dzierzon  - collection of images, videos and audio files