Johann Fichard
Johann Fichard , since 1541: von Fichard (born June 23, 1512 in Frankfurt am Main ; † June 7, 1581 ibid) was a leading German lawyer of the 16th century.
Life
Johann Fichard was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1512. His father was the rector of the collegiate school of the Liebfrauenstift , Johann Fichard the Elder, who came to Frankfurt from Gemünden in the Hunsrück in 1502. (1470–1530), who acquired Frankfurt citizenship in 1509, his mother whose wife Margarete geb. Kratzenberger .
He attended the Frankfurt Latin School founded in 1520 under Rector Jakob Micyllus and studied law , first from 1528 in Heidelberg , from 1530 in Freiburg , in between for a short time in Basel . In 1531 he received his doctorate under Ulrich Zasius in Freiburg.
In 1536 he made a trip to Italy . In Asti he was introduced to the work of the imperial chancellery and studied for nine months at the University of Padua . In autumn 1537 he returned to Frankfurt, where he worked as a lawyer and legal advisor to the city, but also for other cities and surrounding territorial lords. At the same time he worked as a legal writer.
In 1539 Fichard married the patrician daughter Elisabeth Grünberger and was accepted into the Noble Society of Alten Limpurg . On January 26, 1541, Emperor Charles V raised him to the nobility. His descendants, the von Fichard family , include u. a. the Imperial Councilor and multiple Frankfurt mayor Johann Karl von Fichard (1695–1771) and the historian Johann Karl von Fichard called Baur von Eysseneck . The last descendant fell in World War II . Fichardstrasse in the north end of Frankfurt is named after the Fichard family.
Between 1537 and 1542 Johann Fichard wrote an autobiography with the title Descriptio brevis cursus vitae meae J. Fichard jud et patris mei . The autobiography describes his life up to the age of 30 and brings us personally close to a man whose versatility and cosmopolitanism are characteristic of the educational opportunities of the best of his time ( Franz Wieacker ). Another biography of Fichard comes from the pen of his contemporary Heinrich Petreus and is printed in Christian Gottlieb Buder's Vitae clarissimorum iure consultorum .
Legal activity
He began his professional career as a lawyer , later procurator , at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer . In 1533 he became Syndicus in his hometown Frankfurt.
At the beginning of his term of office in Frankfurt, the Reformation was introduced in Frankfurt and the Roman Catholic mass was abolished on April 21, 1533. The Archbishop of Mainz , diocesan bishop for Frankfurt, sued the city for breach of the peace and convinced Emperor Karl V . to appear as a joint plaintiff against Frankfurt. To counter the impending condemnation, the city sought a settlement and tried to make alliances with other Protestant imperial estates. Fichard represented the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt on a diplomatic mission at several royal courts as well as the Imperial cities of Nuremberg and Augsburg .
After his return from the trip to Italy, Fichard represented the city on several diets.
Works
Johann Fichard worked as a lawyer in an environment whose law had not yet been written down in part and otherwise only recorded in individual ordinances, records or collections, often on a case-by-case basis. The systematic access to the entire legal matter, which came from Roman law , represented a major change in legal culture. From the 15th century, this form of dealing with law became increasingly widespread. In terms of content, it was also permeated by Roman law in this process, since the editors were trained in precisely this Roman law in the universities. This process is commonly referred to as reception .
Johann Fichard's fame is based primarily on his significant editorial work in the preparation and systematic presentation of the applicable law of Frankfurt and in the Wetterau . The most important achievements of Johann Fichard were:
- the Solmser Landrecht of 1571 ( whose Gravenschafften Solms and rule Mintzenberg court order and land law ) and
- The city of Frankfurt renewed the Reformation of 1578.
Both works exerted an influence that went far beyond their original scope, not least because they were scientifically, linguistically and didactically very successful and outperformed similar works by other authors in this respect. Both rights remained, as particular law, to a considerable extent until the BGB came into force on January 1, 1900.
In addition, he wrote a. a. the following works:
- Juris consultorum vitae (1557), biographies of important jurists
- Exegeses summariae omnium titulorum institutionum (1573)
- Ars Notariatus
- Consilia (posthumously 1590) published
- Various poems, reports and translations etc. a. from Galen and Chrysostom .
literature
- Heinz F. Friederichs: Fichard, Johann von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 120 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Andreas Karg: Fichard, Johann (1512–1581). In: Albrecht Cordes , Heiner Lück , Dieter Werkmüller (Eds.): Concise dictionary on German legal history . Volume I: Aachen-Geistliche Bank. 2nd, completely revised and enlarged edition. Erich Schmidt Verlag , Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-503-07912-4 , Sp. 1570-1572.
- Hans-Otto Schembs : Fichard, Johann (von) in the Frankfurter Personenlexikon , as well as in: Wolfgang Klötzer (Hrsg.): Frankfurter Biographie . Personal history lexicon . First volume. A – L (= publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XIX , no. 1 ). Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-7829-0444-3 , p. 203 .
- Roderich von Stintzing : Fichard, Johann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 757-759.
- Esther Sophia Sünderhauf: From perception to description. Johann Fichard's 'Italia' (1536/37). In: Hartmut Böhme, Christof Rapp, Wolfgang Rösler (eds.): Translation and Transformation. (Transformations of Antiquity, Volume 1). Berlin 2007, pp. 425-453.
- Esther Sophia Sünderhauf: Knowledge transfer between Germany and Italy using the example of Johann Fichard (1512–1581), a Frankfurt traveler to Italy. In: Kathrin Schade, Detlef Rößler, Alfred Schäfer (eds.): Centers and spheres of activity for the reception of antiquities. Münster 2007, pp. 99-109, plates 25-28
- Esther Sophia Sünderhauf: See Italy with your own eyes. It is the 500th birthday of the Frankfurt humanist Johann Fichard. His "Italia" documents the first educational trip in 1536. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. No. 141, June 20, 2012, p. N4 (Humanities section)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Printed in 1812 in the Frankfurt Archive for Older German Literature and History (Volume 2)
- ^ Franz Wieacker: History of private law in the modern age. 2nd Edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996, ISBN 3-525-18108-6 , p. 157.
- ^ Christian Gottlieb Buder: Vitae clarissimorum iure consultorum. Pp. 241-305.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Fichard, Johann |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German lawyer |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 23, 1512 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Frankfurt am Main |
DATE OF DEATH | June 7, 1581 |
Place of death | Frankfurt am Main |