Johann Fichard

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Johann Fichard

Johann Fichard , since 1541: von Fichard (born June 23, 1512 in Frankfurt am Main ; † June 7, 1581 ibid) was a leading German lawyer of the 16th century.

Life

Johann Fichard was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1512. His father was the rector of the collegiate school of the Liebfrauenstift , Johann Fichard the Elder, who came to Frankfurt from Gemünden in the Hunsrück in 1502. (1470–1530), who acquired Frankfurt citizenship in 1509, his mother whose wife Margarete geb. Kratzenberger .

He attended the Frankfurt Latin School founded in 1520 under Rector Jakob Micyllus and studied law , first from 1528 in Heidelberg , from 1530 in Freiburg , in between for a short time in Basel . In 1531 he received his doctorate under Ulrich Zasius in Freiburg.

In 1536 he made a trip to Italy . In Asti he was introduced to the work of the imperial chancellery and studied for nine months at the University of Padua . In autumn 1537 he returned to Frankfurt, where he worked as a lawyer and legal advisor to the city, but also for other cities and surrounding territorial lords. At the same time he worked as a legal writer.

Elisabeth von Fichard (1547)
Johann von Fichard (1547)

In 1539 Fichard married the patrician daughter Elisabeth Grünberger and was accepted into the Noble Society of Alten Limpurg . On January 26, 1541, Emperor Charles V raised him to the nobility. His descendants, the von Fichard family , include u. a. the Imperial Councilor and multiple Frankfurt mayor Johann Karl von Fichard (1695–1771) and the historian Johann Karl von Fichard called Baur von Eysseneck . The last descendant fell in World War II . Fichardstrasse in the north end of Frankfurt is named after the Fichard family.

Between 1537 and 1542 Johann Fichard wrote an autobiography with the title Descriptio brevis cursus vitae meae J. Fichard jud et patris mei . The autobiography describes his life up to the age of 30 and brings us personally close to a man whose versatility and cosmopolitanism are characteristic of the educational opportunities of the best of his time ( Franz Wieacker ). Another biography of Fichard comes from the pen of his contemporary Heinrich Petreus and is printed in Christian Gottlieb Buder's Vitae clarissimorum iure consultorum .

Legal activity

He began his professional career as a lawyer , later procurator , at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer . In 1533 he became Syndicus in his hometown Frankfurt.

At the beginning of his term of office in Frankfurt, the Reformation was introduced in Frankfurt and the Roman Catholic mass was abolished on April 21, 1533. The Archbishop of Mainz , diocesan bishop for Frankfurt, sued the city for breach of the peace and convinced Emperor Karl V . to appear as a joint plaintiff against Frankfurt. To counter the impending condemnation, the city sought a settlement and tried to make alliances with other Protestant imperial estates. Fichard represented the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt on a diplomatic mission at several royal courts as well as the Imperial cities of Nuremberg and Augsburg .

After his return from the trip to Italy, Fichard represented the city on several diets.

Works

Title page “The Reformation, which was renewed instead of Franckenfurt. M. D- LXXVIII. "

Johann Fichard worked as a lawyer in an environment whose law had not yet been written down in part and otherwise only recorded in individual ordinances, records or collections, often on a case-by-case basis. The systematic access to the entire legal matter, which came from Roman law , represented a major change in legal culture. From the 15th century, this form of dealing with law became increasingly widespread. In terms of content, it was also permeated by Roman law in this process, since the editors were trained in precisely this Roman law in the universities. This process is commonly referred to as reception .

Johann Fichard's fame is based primarily on his significant editorial work in the preparation and systematic presentation of the applicable law of Frankfurt and in the Wetterau . The most important achievements of Johann Fichard were:

Both works exerted an influence that went far beyond their original scope, not least because they were scientifically, linguistically and didactically very successful and outperformed similar works by other authors in this respect. Both rights remained, as particular law, to a considerable extent until the BGB came into force on January 1, 1900.

In addition, he wrote a. a. the following works:

  • Juris consultorum vitae (1557), biographies of important jurists
  • Exegeses summariae omnium titulorum institutionum (1573)
  • Ars Notariatus
  • Consilia (posthumously 1590) published
  • Various poems, reports and translations etc. a. from Galen and Chrysostom .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Printed in 1812 in the Frankfurt Archive for Older German Literature and History (Volume 2)
  2. ^ Franz Wieacker: History of private law in the modern age. 2nd Edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996, ISBN 3-525-18108-6 , p. 157.
  3. ^ Christian Gottlieb Buder: Vitae clarissimorum iure consultorum. Pp. 241-305.
personal data
SURNAME Fichard, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH June 23, 1512
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1581
Place of death Frankfurt am Main