Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim

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Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim

Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (born October 13, 1771 in Waldheim , Electorate Saxony ; † October 18, 1853 in Moscow , Russian Empire ) was a German zoologist , anatomist , entomologist , paleontologist , geologist and librarian .

Live and act

Fischer was born the son of a linen weaver , attended school in Mainz and studied medicine in Leipzig . He completed his studies in 1798 with a PhD. med. from. Fischer then returned to Mainz, where he became a teacher of natural history and a librarian at the Central School . He was also a councilor in Mainz local politics.

From 1797–98 he traveled to Vienna and Paris with his friend Alexander von Humboldt and studied under Georges Cuvier , the founder of scientific paleontology.

From 1795 his scientific interest was mainly zoology. Several treatises on a wide range of subjects from the swim bladder of fish to the anatomy of lemurs . He also dealt with the art of printing and handwriting and published research on Johannes Gutenberg , among other things .

His zoological work brought him a call to the chair of natural history in Moscow in 1804 , where he also became director of the natural history cabinet of the academy and was appointed to the Imperial Russian State Council. In August 1805 he founded the Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou , whose vice-president he remained for a long time.

In Russia, he extended his research to paleontology and geology . He was the first to conduct large-scale scientific studies on the geology of Russia and described many paleontological finds. After the great fire of 1812 , which destroyed large parts of Moscow and also all natural science collections, Fischer was able to re-establish and expand the museum.

His son Alexander Grigoryevich Fischer von Waldheim (born April 24, 1803 in Mainz, † July 13, 1884 in Stepankowo near Moscow) was known as a botanist . His grandson Alexander Alexandrowitsch Fischer von Waldheim (1839–1920) was also a botanist.

Honors

Because of his services to the scientific exploration of Russia, Fischer was appointed to the State Council, with the nickname "von Waldheim" raised to the nobility and awarded the Commander 's Cross of the Order of St. Vladimir . Carl Samuel Hermann named the mineral Al 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (OH) 3 × 5H 2 O in his honor as fischerite (today mostly known as wavellite ).

In 1802 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences , 1807 a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , 1812 in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1815 a member of the Leopoldina . In 1832 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1852 he was made an honorary member of the Nassau Association for Natural History . When La Société Cuvierienne was founded in 1838 , he was one of the 140 founding members of the society.

Fonts (selection)

Oryctographie du gouvernement de Moscou , 1830–1837
  • Experiment on the swim bladder of the fish , Leipzig 1795
  • Mémoire pour servir d'introduction à un ouvrage sur la respiration des animaux , Paris 1798
  • J. Ingenhousz on nutrition of plants and fertility of the soil translated from English and annotated by Gotthelf Fischer. In addition to an introduction to some subjects of plant physiology by FA von Humboldt , Leipzig 1798
  • About the different forms of the intermaxillary bone in different animals , Leipzig 1800
  • Description of some typographical rarities. In addition to contributions to the history of the invention of printing , Mainz and Nuremberg 1800
  • Natural history fragments , Frankfurt am Main 1801 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.96890
  • Description of typographical rarities and strange manuscripts along with additions to the history of the invention of the art of printing , Mainz around 1801
  • Essai sur les monuments typographiques de Jean Gutenberg, Mayençais, inventeur de l'imprimerie , Mainz 1801/1802
  • The National Museum of Natural History in Paris , 1802 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.101282
  • Lectures on comparative anatomy , German translation of Georges Cuvier's lectures , Braunschweig 1801–1802
  • Lettre au citoyen E. Geoffroy… sur une nouvelle espèce de Loris: accompagnée de la description d'un craniomètre de nouvelle invention , Mainz 1804
  • Anatomy of the Maki and their related animals , Frankfurt am Main 1804
  • Tableaux synoptiques de zoognosie , 1805
  • Museum Demidoff, ou catalog systématique et raisonné des curiosités etc. donnés a l'université de Moscou par Paul de Demidoff , Moscow 1806
  • Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de l'université impériale de Moscou , 1806
  • Notices sur les fossiles de Moscou , 1809-1811
  • Notices d'un animal fossile de Sibérie , 1811
  • Onomasticon du Système d'Oryctognoise , 1811
  • Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata, in usum prlectionum Academiae Imperialis Medico-Chirurgicae Mosquentis edita , Moscow 1813 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.42225
  • Observations sur quelques Diptères de Russie , 1813
  • Adversaria zoologica , 1817-1823
  • Entomographie de la Russie , Moscow 1820–1851
  • Prodromus Petromatognosiae animalium systematicae, continens bibliographiam animalium fossilium , Moscow 1829–1832
  • Oryctographie du gouvernement de Moscou , 1830–1837
  • Bibliographia Palaeonthologica Animalium Systematica , Moscow 1834 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.78473
  • A few words to the people of Mainz at the ceremony of the monument to be erected in Mainz for the inventor of book printing, Johann Gutenberg , Moscow 1836
  • Recherches sur les ossements fossiles de la Russie , Moscow 1836–1839 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.5522
  • Spicilegium entomographiae Rossicae , Moscow 1844 doi : 10.5962 / bhl.title.9529

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ilse Jahn and Fritz G. Lange (eds.): The youth letters of Alexander von Humboldt 1787-1799 . Akademie-Verlag, 1973, p. 592 et passim .
  2. ^ Rudolph Zaunick:  Fischer von Waldheim, Alexander. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 212 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 81.
  4. ↑ Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim's membership entry at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on May 22, 2016.
  5. ^ Members of the previous academies. Johann Gottheld Fischer von Waldheim. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 23, 2015 .
  6. ^ Société Cuvierienne, p. 190.
personal data
SURNAME Fischer from Waldheim, Gotthelf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fischer von Waldheim, Johann Gotthelf; Fischer de Waldheim, Gotthelf; Готтгельф Фишер; Григорий Иванович Фишер фон Вальдгейм; Fischer von Waldheim, Grigori Iwanowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naturalist
DATE OF BIRTH October 13, 1771
PLACE OF BIRTH Waldheim
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1853
Place of death Moscow