Johann von Geyso
Johann Geyso , from 1653 (Baron) von Geyso (born January 29, 1593 in Borken (Hesse) ; † May 1, 1661 in Kassel ) was a lieutenant general in Hesse-Kassel during the Thirty Years War , Privy Council of War and from 1653 landlord in Mansbach , Glaam , Völkershausen and on the Gilserhof .
Family and property
Geyso was a son of Peter Geyse (Geysa) (1555-1613), landgrave-Hessian rent master in Borken, and his wife Elisabeth Ungefugk. He himself married Christina Krug on July 21, 1628. The marriage resulted in the son Johann Christoph von Geyso (* December 2, 1633 in Kassel, † 1669 in Völkershausen ) and the daughter Elisabeth von Geyso, who married Johann Friedrich von Boyneburg zu Lengsfeld († 1647) on the Altenburg near Felsberg .
After acquiring the manors' estates in Mansbach and Glaam , he belonged to the Frankish imperial knighthood from 1653 and since then has used the title of baron , which at least was not objected to. He officially received the imperial nobility confirmation as "Geyso zu Völkershausen und Mansbach" and an improvement in the coat of arms only on August 3, 1658 in Frankfurt am Main .
Military background
At an early stage, Landgrave Moritz the Scholar sent him to Moritz von Oranien's war school, where he received military training and basic military knowledge. He served as a soldier first in the Netherlands for Swedish troops. He was then again in Swedish service and then he switched to Polish and Russian . Under Count Matias von Thun, he was used as a captain in the battle of the White Mountain west of Prague on November 8, 1620. Afterwards he was active in the Thirty Years' War under Mansfeld and the Duke of Saxe-Weimar as a cavalry master in armed forces. Under the leadership of King Christian IV of Denmark he fought as a colonel at Lutter am Barenberge near Goslar on August 27, 1626. Christian IV suffered a decisive defeat here against Tilly's and Wallenstein's troops.
In 1628, Landgravine Juliane von Hessen-Rotenburg appointed him as a bailiff in Eschwege . After Landgrave Wilhelm had sided with the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf , he appointed the military trained and war experienced Johann von Geyso as quartermaster general in the leadership of his general staff . Johann von Geyso advised Landgrave Wilhelm on his East Frisian campaign to Oldersum.
As a troop leader in 1636 he made an outstanding contribution to the defense of Paderborn against Geleen and Götz . He fought energetically with his troops from August 5 to August 15, 1636, but was then captured on August 15.
After the death of Landgrave Wilhelm on September 21, 1637, Landgrave Amalie Elisabeth, as regent, also made use of Geyso's military intelligence and his strategic advice in military matters. He also continued to take part in numerous combat operations. In 1641 he commanded the Hessian troops at the siege of Dorsten and surrendered the city on honorable terms . In 1644 Torstenson called him from the East Frisian border with 2,300 soldiers to Magdeburg, where he had enclosed Gallas . Johann von Geyso was still a witness of Gallas' flight and the defeat of his army in December 1644.
He then besieged the Feste Heldrungen and forced the defenders to surrender. On July 25, 1645, he decided the battle of Allersheim through his vigorous intervention and the bravery of his troops . In January 1646 he took Marburg despite strong resistance from the Pomeranian commander Christian Willich . He was not trusted to command the landgrave's troops due to a lack of personal aptitude, "since he had more courage of heart than spirit and was not suited to be in command in such difficult times".
For his services he became a commandant and sergeant-general in Kassel. When Landgravine Amalie was looking for a new general in 1648, this time the choice fell on Johann von Geyso. He was supposed to wage war in Westphalia and on the Rhine. His opponent was General Guillaume de Lamboy . He was trapped in Geseke by this , and he was responsible for the capture of Landgrave Ernst von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg . On June 4th jul. / June 14, 1648 greg. he defeated Lamboy in the battle of Grevenbroich , but did not take advantage of the victory and offered him another battle. Johann took the city of Düren under the eyes of Lamboy and made himself ruler of the Oberstift Cologne . Lamboy again thwarted the attack on Paderborn planned by Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen-Eschwege , major general in the Swedish service.
literature
- August von Baumbach: Johann Geyse, Landgrave Hesse-Kassel Lieutenant General, Privy Council of War and Governor of Kassel. In: Hessenland, Journal for Hessian History and Literature , No. 17, Kassel, September 1, 1887, pp. 234–235
- Ch. Von Rommel: New history of Hessen-Kassel 1843
- Genealogical manual of the nobility . Adelslexikon Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1978, ISSN 0435-2408 .
- Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the noble houses. Part B. Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1933, p. 178.
- Bernhard von Poten : Geyso, Johann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 138 f.
- Winfried Becher: Profiteers of the 30 Years War: Johann Geyso. In: Pulheimer Contributions to History. Volume 34, 2009
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ gedbas.genealogy.net
- ↑ Actual illustration of this in Anno 1648. The tough meeting that took place on the 14th / 4th day of June at Greuenbruch in Gülicher Landt . Map and description of the Battle of Grevenbroich ( Wikisource )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Geyso, Johann von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Geyso, Johann |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Lieutenant General in the Thirty Years' War, Privy Council of War and landlord |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 29, 1593 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Borken (Hesse) |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 1, 1661 |
| Place of death | kassel |