Johannisfeld

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Iohanisfeld
Johannisfeld
Jánosföld
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Iohanisfeld (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : Otelec
Coordinates : 45 ° 34 '  N , 20 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 34 '0 "  N , 20 ° 51' 48"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 73  m
Residents : 899 (2002)
Postal code : 307446
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type : Village
Mayor : Szabó Csaba-Zoltán ( UDMR )
Location of Iohanisfeld in Timis

Iohanisfeld (1924 Ionești , later Ionel , German  Johannisfeld , Hungarian Jánosföld ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Iohanisfeld belongs to the municipality of Otelec .

location

Iohanisfeld is located in the southwest of Romania, at an altitude of 73 meters, between the Bega and the Temesch , 4 km from the Serbian border, on the national road DN59B Cărpiniș - Deta . Iohanisfeld is the terminus of the Cărpiniș – Ionel railway line .

etymology

When it was founded, the village was named Johannisfeld after the local founder Johann Buttler . It carried this name until the Banat was divided into three as a result of the Trianon Treaty of June 4, 1920, when two thirds of the Banat were incorporated into Romania. In 1924 Johannisfeld was initially given the official name Ioneşti , which was soon renamed Ionel due to a lack of public acceptance . Today the village bears the official name Iohanisfeld . The station still bears the name Ionel .

Neighboring places

Hetin Otelec Sânmartinu Sârbesc
Novi Itebej Neighboring communities Ivanda
Međa Foieni Giulvăz

history

After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . Johannisfeld was founded as an inland settlement in 1806 on the basis of a contract concluded in March 1805, when people moved from the surrounding villages, and was the seat of the community for 75 years.

As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Johannisfeld also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Only after the territorial-administrative restructuring of Romania in 1967 was the municipal seat moved to Uivar . Today Iohanisfeld belongs to the municipality of Otelec .

Culture

church

The Johannisfeld settlers were of the Roman Catholic religion, in 1826 the Johannisfeld parish was founded. Construction of the church began a year later. After several years of construction interruption , it was inaugurated in November 1833 by the Archpriest August Classovits from Sarca . The organ building was completed in 1846. The organ is still functional today.

school

The first school building was built in 1807 on the site of today's school. The language of instruction was German until 1898, then Hungarian until World War I and German again after 1920. After the school reform of 1848, a Romanian department was also set up. Later, when the number of German students steadily decreased due to emigration, German-language teaching was restricted to primary school (1st – 4th grade) in order to lead to the dissolution of the German school in the 1990s.

Buildings

The important buildings in Johannisfeld include the school built in 1807, the church built between 1827 and 1833, the rectory from 1841, the parish hall built in 1863, the war memorial dedicated in 1937 in honor of those who fell in World War I, as well as the station building and the mill.

Demographics

Johannisfeld was a German municipality until after the Second World War . Of the 1753 inhabitants in 1941, 1717 were Germans, 24 Romanians, 10 Hungarians and two Serbs. In November 1993 only 26 people of German nationality lived in the village.

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 1766 - 12 1738 16
1910 1710 13 91 1572 34
1930 1730 23 30th 1654 23
1977 1056 401 16 635 4th
2002 899 886 6th 6th 1

See also

literature

  • Weinhardt: Johannisfeld Banat , hometown company Johannisfeld 1990.
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c banater-schwaben.org , Johannisfeld
  2. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Cities and Villages Munich 2011
  3. ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 to 2002