Josef Stammel

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Josef Anton stammer , in many sources, Joseph Thaddeus stammer , (baptized 9. September 1695 in Graz , † 21st December 1765 in Admont ) was an Austrian sculptor of the Baroque .

Life

Josef Stammel, dwarf page Oswald Eyberger, betw. 1745–1752, Admont Abbey

Josef Stammel was the third of six children of the sculptor Johann Georg Stämbl, who immigrated to Graz from Bavaria, and his wife Catharina, the daughter of the Eggenberg court sculptor Andreas Marx. Only a few archival documents have been preserved on Stammel's life and work; research is therefore largely dependent on tradition and comparisons. The Graz sculptor Johann Zeilinger (or Zeiringer) the Elder and the court chamber sculptor Johann Jakob Schoy (1686–1733) who worked in Graz were named as possible teachers. Between 1718 and 1725 Stammel's study trip to Italy with the stops Venice , Bologna , Padua , Milan , Rome and Naples is accepted. From 1726 until his death, Stammel worked almost exclusively on behalf of the Benedictine monastery Admont for the monastery and its parishes. Stammel's oeuvre is characterized by a characteristic amalgamation of Alpine and Italian influences to form an independent style. The local influences are mainly based on the art tradition of today's Innviertel ( Thomas Schwanthaler , Meinrad Guggenbichler ). The Italian influences can be focused on certain artists such as Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598–1680) or Giuseppe Maria Mazza (1653–1741) and, on the other hand, show strong parallels to the baroque art of northern Italy, especially that of Veneto, and the Sicilian nativity scene. There are also many points of contact between German painting and graphics (including Albrecht Dürer ) and Italian painting of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The only documented artistic influence on Stammel came from the Augsburg painter and engraver Gottfried Bernhard Göz (1708–1774), who also worked for the Admont Abbey .

Jesus teaching in the temple (detail), relief, around 1750/55, Admont Abbey Library

Stammel mastered the handling of different materials such as wood, wax or stone just as virtuously as those with the most varied dimensions of his objects from statuettes to larger-than-life sculptures. Stammel's world of figures is characterized by strong emotional expression, heavy pathetics and speaking gestures . He portrays different characters and affects in a masterly manner. His preference for narrative, often humorous details is always subordinate to the overall expression and the clear composition of a figure or a group. He knew how to skillfully use the small parts as a characteristic of art north of the Alps without letting it dominate. Stammel's mastery of stage-like staging is particularly evident in his character scenarios. His works also testify to a rich treasure trove of forms and motifs, which he either varies a little throughout the oeuvre or repeats it in a consistent manner. Stammel was a grand master of the Austrian late baroque , whose work not only marks a regional, but also a size of European rank.

The sculptor Josef Stammel erroneously appears repeatedly in the literature under the nickname "Thaddäus". Fritz Popelka pointed out as early as 1926 that this could not be correct. The mistake probably first appeared in a text by Ignaz Kollmann in 1834. Today it is considered certain that the first name “Thaddäus” has no justification in connection with Josef Stammel. Its use to this day is due to a persistent tracking error.

Works

literature

  • Regina Ahlgrimm-Siess: Josef Stammel (1695–1765). Life and work. Graz 1999 (Graz, university, dissertation, 2000).
  • Regina Ahlgrimm-Siess, Winfried Schwab:  Stammel (Stämbl, Stämel, Stäml, Stämel), Josef Anton. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 22, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-133-2 , Sp. 1265-1274.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Gottfried Biedermann, Gabriele Gmeiner-Hübel, Christine Rabensteiner: Bildwerke. Renaissance - Mannerism - Baroque. Paintings and sculptures from the old gallery of the Styrian State Museum Joanneum in Graz. Kurt Woisetschläger on his 70th birthday. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 1995, ISBN 3-85378-442-9 .
  • Michael Braunsteiner (Ed.): Famosus statuarius Josef Stammel. 1695-1765. Baroque sculptor on behalf of the Admont Benedictine Abbey (= writings on the art and cultural history of the Admont Benedictine Abbey. Vol. 1, ISSN  2458-5920 ). Benedictine Abbey, Admont 1996.
  • Michael Braunsteiner (Ed.): Baroque sculptor Josef Stammel. 1695-1765. Search for traces (= writings on the art and cultural history of the Benedictine monastery Admont. Vol. 4). Benedictine Abbey, Admont 1997.
  • Christl Eger (Red.): Fascination in silk, gold and silver. Baroque sacral embroidery in the Art History Museum Benedictine Monastery Admont (= writings on the art and cultural history of the Benedictine Monastery Admont. Vol. 3). Benedictine Abbey, Admont 1996.
  • Franz Ilwof :  Stammel, Thaddäus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 434 f.
  • Heimo Kaindl (ed.): Angels, messengers of God - winged helpers - protectors of people. Episcopal Ordinariate of the Diocese of Graz-Seckau - Diocesan Museum, Graz-Seckau 1997, ISBN 3-901810-01-3 .
  • Michael Krapf (Ed.): Triumph of the imagination. Baroque models from Hildebrandt to Mollinarolo (= temporary exhibition of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, Vienna 218). Böhlau, Vienna et al. 1998, ISBN 3-205-98958-9 .
  • Gregor Martin Lechner OSB: On the iconography of the baroque monastery libraries in Austria and southern Germany. Summary of a slide show on the occasion of the 48th annual meeting of the Working Group on Catholic Theological Libraries. In: Bulletin of the Working Group on Catholic Theological Libraries. (AKThB). Vol. 43, 1996, ISSN  0177-8358 , pp. 73-84.
  • Horst Schweigert : Schloßkirche St. Martin, Graz (= Christian art places of Austria. Vol. 131, ZDB -ID 2182605-5 ). 2nd, revised edition. Publishing house St. Peter, Salzburg 1998.
  • Horst Schweigert: The baroque sculptors Johannes Georg and Josef Stammel. A style-critical and historical reception study (= contributions to the history of art in Styria. NF Vol. 2). Leykam, Graz 2004, ISBN 3-7011-7428-8 .
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Stammel (sculptor) . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 37th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1878, p. 114 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Anton Mayr (ed.): The works of the sculptor Josef Thaddäus Stammel in Admont and other places (d. 1765). Vienna, Schroll, 1912

Web links

Commons : Josef Stammel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ cf. on Josef Thaddäus Stammel the section lit. in: Regina Ahlgrimm-Siess, Winfried Schwab:  Stammel (Stämbl, Stämel, Stäml, Stämel), Josef Anton. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 22, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-133-2 , Sp. 1265-1274.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
personal data
SURNAME Stammel, Josef
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stammel, Josef Anton; Stammel, Josef Thaddäus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH baptized November 9, 1695
PLACE OF BIRTH Graz
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1765
Place of death Admont