Joseph Schreieder

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Joseph Schreieder (Leeuwarden Court, 1949)

Joseph Schreieder (born August 15, 1904 in Munich ; died unknown) was a German police officer. During the Second World War he was next to Hermann J. Giskes the most important figure in the so-called " England game ".

Life

Until 1939

Schreieder was a student at the Luitpold-Oberrealschule in Munich , began as a paralegal and in 1923 became a civil servant candidate for the police in the simple service . In 1932 he switched to the political police , at which time he had just been promoted to criminal secretary. In 1933 he was subordinate to the deputy leader of the Bavarian police Reinhard Heydrich . On July 12, 1933, together with Heydrich, he signed a report to the Reich Governor Franz Ritter von Epp , in which the protective custody in Dachau and the confiscation of Thomas Mann 's property were justified. Mann had already gone abroad on February 11, 1933 and could no longer return.

In 1934 Schreieder became a member of the SS , in which he achieved the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer (Major) in 1943 , and in 1937 he became a member of the NSDAP . In the police service he reached the rank of criminal director in 1944 .

In 1938 he became head of the border police station , first in Lindau , then after the annexation of Austria in Feldkirch and Bregenz . On the Swiss side, Paul Grüninger tried to keep the border open for refugees from Austria, Schreieder did not hinder that, as the Jews in the German Reich were forced to emigrate until October 1941 . Schreieder offered Grüninger a high position in the SS police after his suspension as St. Gallen police commander in spring 1939.

On March 24, 1939 there was an attempted coup by members of the Vorarlberg SA and Hitler Youth and Liechtenstein National Socialists with the aim of an annexation of Liechtenstein , which Schreieder thwarted.

1940 to 1949

Memorial plaque on Schreieder's former office in the Binnenhof in The Hague for the victims of the “England game”.
A memorial for the 47 SOE agents liquidated there by the SS has been located behind the detention building of the Mauthausen concentration camp since 1968 .
Joseph Schreieder (Leeuwarden Court, 1949).

From August 15, 1940 he was head of Department IV E, which was concerned with counter-espionage, at the Commander of the Security Police and SD Wilhelm Harster in the occupied Netherlands . Together with Major Hermann J. Giskes , the head of the military defense III F in the Netherlands, he was responsible for the so-called " England game ". By misleading the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) between March 1942 and May 1943, more than fifty Dutch SOE agents trained in England for espionage and sabotage operations fell into the hands of the Germans during their parachute landing, as well as tons of explosives, weapons and ammunition. Almost all of these parachute agents were liquidated by the SS in Mauthausen concentration camp in September 1944 , where a memorial was erected for them in 1968 .

On May 16, 1945, Schreieder was arrested in Rotterdam, initially interned in the British zone in Germany and interrogated at length by the British counterintelligence on the "England game".

In March 1947 Schreieder was handed over to the Dutch. A case against him on suspicion of counter-espionage offenses was dropped in The Hague. When the public prosecutor's office in Leeuwarden brought charges against Schreieder for the same offenses, this second case was also discontinued due to the lack of new grounds for suspicion.

A third case in Leeuwarden involved retaliation for an attack on a railway. Schreieder was acquitted because of the shooting towards the end of the war in Dronrijp.

During the trial of 1950 was executed Dutchman Anton van der Waals , who during the occupation as an undercover agent for the German SD had worked, he was interrogated as a witness. Schreieder was deported to Germany on March 17, 1949.

From 1949

Nothing is known about its denazification . Schreieder published a book about the "Englandspiel" in the Netherlands in 1949 and in Germany in 1950. The Brown Book names him as one of the exonerating witnesses who were active in the defense of the Nazi criminals charged with war crimes. He also worked for Radio Free Europe in Munich, where he worked with his former opponent Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema .

Schreieder worked for the CIA under the code name Cabolt . He worked for the Gehlen organization and from 1955 worked for the Bavarian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution in the field of combating espionage.

Nothing is known about his further life. During his research on Paul Grüninger, the Swiss historian Stefan Keller had contact with Schreieder's wife, at the time Joseph Schreieder was no longer alive, the book was published in 1993.

Works

  • Het Englandspiel , van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam 1949.
  • That was the England game , Walter Stutz, Munich 1950.

literature

  • Hermann J. Giskes : Spies cover up spies . Hansa Verlag Josef Toth, Hamburg 1951. - New edition: London calls North Pole. The successful radio game of the German military defense . Bastei Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1982, ISBN 3-404-65046-8 .
  • Hans Schafranek : Company 'North Pole'. The England game of the German military defense in the years 1942–1944. In: Hans Schafranek / Johannes Tuchel (ed.): War in the ether. Resistance and espionage in World War II. Picus-Verlag: Vienna 2004, ISBN 978-3-85452-470-0 , pp. 247-291.
  • Grace Stoddard: No cloak no dagger , Wheatmark, Tuscon 2008, ISBN 978-1-60494-144-9 , digitized: google books (Chapter 9 reports on Joseph Schreieder).
  • Guus Meershoek: Development of Power and Failure. Security Police and SD in the Netherlands , in: Gerhard Paul / Klaus-Michael Mallmann (eds.): The Gestapo in World War II , Darmstadt 2000, ISBN 978-3-534-14477-8 , p. 383 ff., Englandspiel p. 391 f.

Trivia

There are several audience-oriented representations and also spy novels in which the person Schreieder also appears on the espionage topic "Englandspiel" . Grace Stoddard also made a contribution:

After Operation Market Garden , the captured British officer and agent Keith Armstrong meets "Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Schreider" in the Gestapo quarters in Arnhem . "Schreider" interrogates Armstrong, abuses him and tries to blackmail him. Armstrong and his fellow prisoners are then deported to Buchenwald concentration camp .

In 1955, Duilio Coletti shot the Italian feature film “Londra chiama Polo Nord” (German: London calls North Pole ), freely designed for spies Overwhelming spies by Hermann J. Giskes. Joseph Schreieder was played as "Hermann" by René Deltgen and Giskes as "Bernes" by Curd Jürgens .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paul Egon Hübinger , Thomas Mann and Reinhard Heydrich in the files of the Reichsstatthalters v. Epp , in: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte , 1/1980, p. 111ff ( PDF )
  2. ^ Directory of SS members (Numery członków SS, Polish) there as Joseph Schreider (!): SS # 107 184, NSDAP # 3 970 994
  3. ↑ Stefan Keller , Grüninger's case. Stories of escape and help . Rotpunktverlag, Zurich 1993
  4. ↑ Switzerland 05-09-2004
  5. ↑ Schreieder does not appear in Bickenbach. In 1939, Grüninger was approached by a "customs agent Suss" to get a job in the Reich as a political officer in the East. Wulff Bickenbach: Justice for Paul Grüninger. Conviction and rehabilitation of a Swiss escape worker (1938–1998) . Böhlau Verlag Cologne 2009, p 201, n. 177. "Captain Süss" was in 1942 in the Munich Abwehr office VII and in the arrest of Wilhelm Schmidhuber's called
  6. ↑ a b Joseph Schreieder describes the connection coup in retrospect on e-archiv.li.
  7. ↑ The Dutch text is translated: “You jumped to your death for our freedom. England game 1942–1944. In grateful memories of the 54 Dutch agents and the many on the news network. Many of them were taken prisoner into this building. "
  8. ↑ Schafranek (2004), p. 248.
  9. ↑ a b c d Procedure Ser. No. NL068 against Schreieder, Joseph ( memento from August 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on jur.uva.nl. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  10. ↑ In Dronrijp a memorial commemorates the Fusillade bij Dronrijp .
  11. ↑ See Dutch Wikipedia nl: Anton van der Waals , there is a photograph of Schreieder during the trial on the Internet
  12. ↑ Braunbuch, section: ANKLAGE VON NÜRNBERG ( Memento from November 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ For Roelfzema see Dutch Wikipedia nl: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema . For information on the collaboration, see NETHERLANDS NET and here are the two quotes about their collaboration as anti-communists: [1]
  14. ↑ Study: The Brown Roots of the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution spiegel.de, July 22, 2013 , accessed on July 22, 2013
  15. ↑ Switzerland 05-09-2004
  16. ↑ Stoddard (2008), p. 52. Armstrong describes how Major General Friedrich Kussin was shot in his Citroën by his people.
  17. ↑ Stoddard (2008), pp. 58 to 63. Different spelling of the name.
  18. ↑ London calls North Pole / Londra chiama Polo Nord in the Internet Movie Database (English) Italy 1955, world premiere in Germany 1957, directed by Duilio Coletti , with Curd Jürgens , Dawn Addams , René Deltgen , Albert Lieven , Giacomo Rossi-Stuart and others. a.
personal data
SURNAME Schreieder, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schreider, Joseph (misspelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German police officer of the Gestapo
DATE OF BIRTH August 15, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH before 1993