Julius Wiesner

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Julius Wiesner, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1870
Julius Wiesner, 1895
Julius Wiesner, bust in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna

Julius von Wiesner (born January 20, 1838 in Czechs , Moravia , † October 9, 1916 in Vienna ) was a botanist . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Wiesner ".

Live and act

Wiesner studied in Vienna and Jena , where he received his Dr. phil. received his doctorate. In 1861 he became a private lecturer and in 1868 an associate professor at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna . In 1870 he became a full professor at the Mariabrunn Forest Academy . From 1873 to 1909 he was a full professor of anatomy and physiology of plants at the University of Vienna and at the same time held a teaching post at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna until 1880. In 1883 he made a trip to Java ( Buitenzorg ). Further trips led to Lapland , Spitsbergen , the Yellowstone area , India and Egypt . In 1898/99 he was rector of the University of Vienna. Wiesner did research in the fields of plant physiology (light and vegetation processes, chlorophyll, growth and movement), plant anatomy (organization of the cell wall) and plant raw materials.

Houston Stewart Chamberlain dedicated his major work, published in 1899, to Wiesner, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century . In 1902 Wiesner was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and in 1903 of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . He was made a member of the manor house in 1905 and knighted in 1909. From 1909 he was a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris and from 1912 of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

Honors

  • According to him, the plant genus is Wiesneria Micheli from the family of alismataceae named (Alismataceae).
  • In 1953, Wiesnergasse in Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) was named after him.

In the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna - the university's hall of fame - there has been a bust of Wiesner since 1891. As part of “purges” by the National Socialists in early November 1938, ten sculptures by Jewish or supposedly Jewish professors in the arcade courtyard were overturned or smeared with paint in connection with the “ Langemarck Celebration ”. At this point in time, the acting rector Fritz Knoll had the Arkadenhof sculptures checked; on his instructions, fifteen monuments were removed and placed in a depot, including that of Julius Wiesner. After the end of the war, all damaged and removed monuments were put back in the arcade courtyard in 1947.

Works

  • The laws of groove division on plant axes (1860)
  • Introduction to technical microscopy (1867)
  • The types of rubber, resins and balms used technically: a contribution to the scientific justification of technical commodity science (1869)
  • Investigations into the influence which supply and withdrawal of water express on the vital activity of yeast cells (1869)
  • The raw materials of the plant kingdom (1873)
  • The formation of chlorophyll in the plant: a physiological study (1877)
  • The heliotropic phenomena in the plant kingdom (1878–80)
  • The movement of plants. A critical study of the work of the same name by Charles Darwin together with new investigations (1881) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.41435
  • Elements of Scientific Botany Volume 1: Anatomy and Physiology of Plants (1881)
  • Elements of scientific botany Volume 2: Organography and systematics of plants (1884)
  • Elements of scientific botany Volume 3: Biology of plants. With an appendix: The historical development of botany (1889)
  • Studies on the wilting of flowers and leaf shoots (1883)
  • Investigations into the growth movements of the roots. Darwinian and geotropic root curvatures (1884)
  • Investigations into the organization of the vegetable cell membrane (1886)
  • The microscopic examination of the paper with special reference to the oldest oriental and European papers (1887)
  • The elementary structure and the growth of living substance (1892) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.1309
  • Plant physiological reports from Buitenzorg (1894)
  • The Necessity of Natural History Lessons in Medical Studies (1896)
  • Investigations into the mechanical effect of rain on the plant. Along with observations and remarks on secondary rain effects (1897)
  • The Relationship of Plant Physiology to the Other Sciences. Inauguration speech (1898)
  • On a new form of the false dichotomy in tree shoots of woody plants (1898)
  • with Max Bamberger : The raw materials of the plant kingdom . 2., reworked. and exp. Ed., W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1900-03. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.25143 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.26206
  • Studies of the influence of gravity on the direction of plant organs (1902)
  • The development of plant physiology under the influence of other sciences (1904)
  • Philosophy of Botany (1905)
  • Jan Ingen-Housz. His life and work as a natural scientist and doctor. Under participation. v. Th. Escherich, E. Mach, R. v. Töply and R. Wegscheider (1905) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.21032
  • Elements of scientific botany . 5th, verb. and verm. ed., A. Hölder, Vienna 1906 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.46424
  • Plants' enjoyment of light. photometric and physiological investigations with special consideration for the way of life, geographical distribution and culture of plants (1907) doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.13042
  • Nature, mind, technology. Selected speeches, lectures and essays (1910)
  • Creation, emergence, development and beyond the justification of the idea of ​​development (1916)

literature

Wikisource: Julius Wiesner  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ p. VII
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 259.
  3. ^ List of former members since 1666: Letter W. Académie des sciences, accessed on March 15, 2020 (French).
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Julius Wiesner, Ritter von. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 11, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
  6. ^ Mitchell G. Ash, Josef Ehmer: University - Politics - Society . Vienna University Press, June 17, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8470-0413-4 , p. 118.


personal data
SURNAME Wiesner, Julius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wiesner, Julius von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian botanist
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Czechs , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1916
Place of death Vienna