Caraway (genus)

This article deals with the genus Carum and not with a single species of that genus. For more meanings, see Real Caraway and Caraway (disambiguation) .

Caraway seed
Real caraway ( Carum carvi )
Systematics
Asterids Euasterids II Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales) Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Subfamily : Apioideae Genre : Caraway seed
Scientific name
Carum
L.

Caraway ( Carum ) is a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The at least 20 species are common in the temperate areas of the Old World .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Carum species are often biennial or short-lived perennial , herbaceous plants . The basal leaves are divided into leaf sheath , petiole and blade. The leaves are double or triple pinnate.

Generative characteristics

The double-gold inflorescences can have shells and shells .

The five-fold flowers are hermaphroditic or partially purely male, with mostly a double flower envelope and they are often protandric . The sepals are inconspicuous or can be completely absent. The petals can be white, pink or red, they are rounded, obovate and deeply incised, they also have an inwardly curved lobe. The five stamens are mostly free. The stylopodium (stylus cushion ) on the lower ovary is cushion-shaped and has a flattened, wavy edge. The usually short, recurved stylus end in a small, capitate stigma .

The partial fruits (mericarpies) of the split fruits are elongated and slightly indented lengthways . Their longitudinal ribs are blunt and their valleys ( valleculae ) are wide and consist of one canal, towards the junction of two canals. The fruit holders ( Karpophor ) are divided in the upper part.

Real caraway ( Carum carvi )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Carum was established by Carl von Linné .

The genus Carum is common in the temperate areas of the Old World . There are four species in China, one of them only there.

There are at least 20 types:

• Carum appuanum (Viv.) Grande (Syn .: Carum rigidulum (Viv.) WDJKoch ex DC. ): It occurs in Italy , Serbia , Bulgaria , Albania , Macedonia and Greece .
• Carum atrosanguineum Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Russia and Xinjiang .
• Carum bretschneideri H.Wolff : It thrives in shady, moist locations at altitudes of 1500 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei and Shanxi .
• Carum buriaticum Turcz. (Syn .: Carum angustissimum Kitagawa , Carum curvatum C.B. Clarke ex H.Wolff , Carum furcatum H.Wolff , Carum pseudoburiaticum H.Wolff ): It occurs in Russia's Far East , in Tibet , in Mongolia , in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang.
• Real caraway ( Carum carvi L. )

• Carum caucasicum (M.Bieb.) Boiss. : It occurs in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and in the Caucasus region.
• Carum diversifolium (DC.) CBClarke
• Carum graecum Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in two subspecies in Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Greece and Bulgaria.
• Carum grossheimii Schischk. : It occurs in Georgia and in the Caucasus region.
• Carum heldreichii Boiss. (Syn .: Carum carvifolium (DC.) Arcang. , Carum flexuosum (Ten.) Nyman non (With.) Sweet ): It occurs in Italy, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania and Greece.
• Carum iminouakense Quézel : It occurs in Morocco.
• Carum jahandiezii Litard. & Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
• Carum komarovii Karjay : It occurs in Armenia and Azerbaijan.
• Carum lacuum Emb .: It occurs only in Morocco.
• Carum leucocoleon Boiss. & A.Huet : It occurs in Turkey.
• Carum lomatocarum Boiss.
• Carum meifolium Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey, Georgia and the Caucasus region.
• Carum meoides (Griseb.) Halácsy
• Carum montanum (Batt.) Arcang. : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia .
• Carum nothum C.B.Clarke (Syn .: Bunium nothum (Clarke) PKMukh. ): This rare species is only two localities in the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu known.
• Carum polyphyllum Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss. : It occurs in Syria and Lebanon.
• Carum porphyrocoleon (Freyn & Sint.) Woronow ex Schischk. : It only occurs in Georgia.
• Carum proliferum Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
• Carum rupicola Hartvig & Strid : It occurs in Turkey.
• Quirlblättriger Kümmel or Quirl-Kümmel ( Carum verticillatum (L.) WDJKoch )

The approximately three species of the genus Hellenocarum H.Wolff and the new genus Neomuretia Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova (it contains only two species) no longer belong to the genus Carum since 2016 :

• Hellenocarum depressum (Hartvig & Kit Tan) Kljuykov & Zakharova (Syn .: Carum depressum Hartvig & Kit Tan ): It occurs in Greece.
• Hellenocarum multiflorum (Sm.) H.Wolff (Syn .: Carum multiflorum (Sm.) Boiss. ): It occurs in southeastern Italy, southern Albania, Greece, Crete, western Anatolia (Izmir) and on islands of the eastern Aegean.
• Hellenocarum strictum (Griseb.) Kljuykov (Syn .: Carum strictum (Griseb.) Boiss. , Carum lumpeanum Dörfl. & Hayek , Carum scaligerioides Bornm. ): It occurs in Albania, Macedonia, in northern Greece and on islands in the northern Aegean.
• Neomuretia amplifolia (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova (Syn .: Hellenocarum amplifolium (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Kljuykov )
• Neomuretia pisidica (Kit Tan) Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova (Syn .: Hellenocarum pisidicum Kit Tan )

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

scientific work that proves the change?

• The species Carum bulbocastanum auct, which was formerly classified in the genus Carum . non (L.) WDJKoch is called Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. placed in the genus Bunium .
• Carum pachypodium Candargy → Oenanthe silaifolia M.Bieb.
• Carum saxicola Albov → Seseli saxicola (Albov) Pimenov

Web links

Commons : Caraway  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Pu Fading (溥 发 鼎 Pu Fa-ting), Mark F. Watson: Carum Linnaeus , p. 81 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven ( Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 14 - Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Genus 1006. Carum L. In: BK Shishkin (Ed.): Flora of the USSR (Flora SSSR). Volume 16-17, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad, 1950, translated from Russian, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 1973. pp. 277-285. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} R. Hand (2011): Apiaceae. Data sheet Carum - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
4. ^ ^{A b} Carum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Ekaterina A. Zakharova, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Galina V. Degtjareva, Tahir H. Samigullin, Uliana A. Ukrainskaya, Stephen R Downie: A taxonomic study of the genus Hellenocarum H. Wolff (Umbelliferae-apioideae ) based on morphology, fruit anatomy, and molecular data. In: Turkish Journal of Botany , Volume 40, Issue 2, 2016 pp. 176–193. doi : 10.3906 / bot-1504-40

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