Potash Works Union of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst
| Potash Works Union of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Oldisleben potash plant | ||
| Mining technology | Chamber construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst | ||
| Employees | up to 250 | ||
| Start of operation | 1908 | ||
| End of operation | 1920 | ||
| Successor use | no | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Carnallitite and hard salt | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 18 '43 " N , 11 ° 8' 27" E | ||
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| Location | Oldis life | ||
| local community | On the jewelry | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Kyffhäuserkreis | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | South Harz district | ||
The two disused shafts of the Potash Works Union of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach) are located immediately west of Oldisleben , a district of An der Schmücke in the Thuringian Kyffhäuserkreis (see map below). You are in the former area of the "Exclave Oldisleben".
On December 9, 1905, the sinking of the Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst I shaft (also known as the Möllendorf shaft) began; its final depth of 595 m was reached after three years. The second shaft, the Großherzog Wilhelm Ernst II shaft (also known as the Hainthal shaft), is located approx. 1325 m west of the shaft I. It was only sunk seven years later, on November 6, 1912. Its final depth of 621 m was reached in early 1914 . the recovery of carnallite and hard salt was made from 1908. the mining mining method was the room and pillar method. The extracted salts were processed in the union's own potash factory, to which a cable car led. In 1922, the Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst mine was decommissioned in accordance with Section 83a of the Decommissioning Ordinance (for more information on the relevant legal provisions: see section “Decommissioning of the potash plant”). Both shafts were closed with a concrete cover in 1923 .
Search and exploration work
In 1861, chemical factories in the Staßfurt area, which were described as “unclean”, succeeded in sinking the vd Heydt / v shafts, which were originally only sunk for the extraction of rock salt to enrich the weak brine of the Staßfurt salt works. Manteuffel to make carnallitic salts available for technical use. It had become possible to dissolve the potassium chloride (KCl) contained in these salts and ultimately to market it as a fertilizer in agriculture . And the discovery of these potash salts - the “Staßfurter Berggeschrey ” - encouraged Unstrut and Finne to search for such salt deposits .
The Hallesche Tiefbohrgesellschaft Thumann drilled a rock salt deposit " near Oldislebe n" ranging from 309 m to 690.5 m, but without encountering the potash deposit. Another borehole, deep borehole II in the " Eselsgasse in the entrance valley to Möllendorf ", developed potash salts from 502.45 to 522.75 m. The starting points of these boreholes can no longer be precisely proven today.
The geological and hydrogeological reservoir conditions
The mining field of the Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst union is located on the southwest flank of the Heldrunger saddle. This strikes parallel to the Roßlebener Sattel, which is included in the northeastern part of the Hermandurian plaice. Immediately to the south-east are the pit fields of the Irmgard, Walter and Heldrungen II unions . Shaft I (Möllendorf) reached the Staßfurt potash seam at 515.0 m depth, shaft II (Hainthal) at 528.8 m (see adjacent layer profiles).
Hydrogeologically, the entire area of the potash shafts on the Unstrut and Finne is characterized by the strong water flow of the Buntsandstein , especially the Rogenstein zones of the Lower Buntsandstein. Inflows of up to 4 m³ / min when sinking the shafts were not uncommon.
The operation of the potash plant
The financial and business situation
Establishment: Statute of July 31, August 1, 1905 and July 16, 1906, commercial court registration October 1905.
Kuxe of the former union: 1000, of which 501 were owned by Deutsche Kaliwerke. In1921 the majority was in the hands of the Alexandershall union and was then taken over by the Deutsche Kaliwerke.
Object of the company: installation and operation of a salt resp. Potash salt mine in the area of the Grand Ducal Saxon Exclave Oldisleben, as well as the production and operation of all facilities, the exploitation of that mine and the utilization of its products in raw or processed form, as well as participation in mines, drilling companies or chemical factories.
Justice: For the exclave of Oldisleben, the contract of February 12, 1901 transfers the sole right to prospect for potash salts, as well as the possible subsequent exploitation of the potash fields that may have been developed by the Grand Ducal Weimar government, Amtsrat Hühne im Schackental with the stipulation that within one year from Days of the actual awarding of the rights , which took place in September 1905, with the construction of the shaft, and that mining begins in 1908 at the latest. The Gerechtsame covers 2150 hectares equal to approx. 10 normal fields and is burdened with an annual mine field tax of 6550.80 M. In addition, the Weimar government receives 10% of the net profit. The Gerechtsame encompasses the entire Oldisleben exclave and borders on the Günthershall fields to the west and those of Heldrungen I and II to the east.
Shaft: On December 9th, 1905, the first groundbreaking took place for the shaft, named “Wilhelm Ernst”, which has a clear width of 5½ m. It has been completed to the final depth of 595 m. The shaft is walled from 0 - 6½ m. The waters were finally closed at 150 m. The upper level was set at 540 m below the potash store in the older rock salt, the lower level at 580 m. The outcrops on the soles showed good carnallites, as well as hard salts. The new shaft of the Hainthal mine was started in autumn 1912. It is in masonry from 0 to 12.6 m, from 12.6 to 177 m in segments, from 177 to 621 m in masonry (final depth). The shaft reached the potash deposit in December 1913. From February 1, 1914, the Hainthal mine received the provisional participation figure. This was issued with validity from February 1, 1916. The two shafts were closed with a concrete cover in 1923 after the plant was closed.
Wastewater concession: Available for daily processing of 10,000 quintals. Participation figure: The quotas were sold by the end of 1953 due to the closure of the shafts. As of October 1, 1932, the quotas for shaft I are 4.4237 thousandths and for shaft II 3.9971 thousandths.
Liquidation and transfer of ownership to the potash industry (later Wintershall) A.-G. : The trade union meeting on September 20, 1926 decided to liquidate the union and sell its entire assets to Kali-Industrie A.-G. In exchange, Kali-Industrie Aktiengesellschaft offered the trades pro Kux nom. 1000 RM potash industry shares. The exchange offer came into effect on May 4, 1927. The transaction was preceded by the conclusion of an interest group agreement in which Kali-Industrie A.-G. the trades pro Kux offered the dividend of two and a half potash industry shares (400 RM each). [from MOSSNER , 1936]
Here are some statistical figures from 1907 to 1914:
1907: Owner: “Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst” union in Weimar. Administration: Dr. JH Sachse, Chairman of the Mine Board , in Hanover. Number of Kuxe: 1000. Name of the facility: "Schacht Wilhelm Ernst" in Oldisleben. The plant is not yet in production, the shaft is currently approx. 240 m deep. The potassium chlorine factory and salt mill are under construction at processing plants. The other buildings above ground are almost completely finished. Operational managers: Wilhelm Lichte and Arthur Sachse in Oldisleben.
1908: Owner, management and kuxe as in 1907. The work begins on October 15 of this year, the extraction. The shaft has been completed to the final depth of 595 m. The potassium chlorine factory has been completed to such an extent that the salts that are left out of the digestion work can be processed. Work is underway to further expand the factory. The other operating facilities above ground have been completed. Technical management: operator Wilhelm Lichte, operator Arthur Sachse and Dr. Karl Koelichen, all in Oldisleben. Additional fees: 1905 250 Marks, 1906 1450 Marks, 1907 822.22 Marks per Kux with 900 Kuxes subject to a fine. The union owns 100 exempt kuxes. The Grand-Ducal Saxon Government has the option of assuming the same against reimbursement of the share of the costs incurred by these expenses.
1909: Owner, management and kuxe as in 1907. The plant started mining in May 1908. The shaft and factory as well as the daytime facilities are completed. Technical management: Operations manager Wilhelm Lichte, operations engineer Arthur Sachse and factory manager Dr. Karl Koelichen, all in Oldisleben. Number of workers: 221 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate.
1910: like 1909.
1911: Owner, administration and kuxe as in 1907. Technical management: Operations manager Wilhelm Lichte, operations engineer Robert Meyer in Oldisleben. Average number of workers: 88 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate, share of ownership sold to Alexandershall union .
1912: Owner, administration and kuxe as in 1907. Installation and exploration work is carried out on a small scale. Technical management: Operations manager Klaube, operations engineer Robert Meyer in Oldisleben. Average number of workers: 88 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate.
1913: like 1912.
1914: owner: as before. Mine Board: Chairman: W. Piepmeyer, Kassel; deputy Chairman: Dr. W. Mayer, Munich; Members: Kommerzienrat Isenstein, Hanover, Bergrat G. Kost, Hanover, General Director M. Tathke, Berka ad Werra, a delegate of the Grand Ducal Saxon State Ministry. Administration: Dr. JH Sachse, Oldisleben, director; F. Mönkemeyer and R. Meyer, both from Oldisleben, authorized signatories . Average number of workers: 250 men. Member of the Kali Syndicate.
The shaft construction
Shaft I (called "Möllendorf" or "Wilhelm Ernst I"):
Height of the hanging lawn bench : + 170.97 m above sea level . Total depth : 595.0 m. 1. sole : - 359.02 m NN = 540 m-sole (sole weather). 2nd level: - 408.72 m above sea level = 580 m level (conveying level). Shaft diameter: 5.5 m clear width. Shaft lining: O-6.5 m masonry; 6.5-173 m tubbings; 173- 595 m masonry.
Shaft II (called "Hainthal" or "Wilhelm Ernst II"):
Height of the hanging lawn bench : + 203.78 m above sea level . Total depth : 621.0 m. 1. sole : - 401.11 m NN = 580 m-sole (sole conveyor). Shaft diameter: 4.5 m clear width. Shaft lining: 0 - 12.6 m in masonry, 12.6 - 177 m tubbing, 177 - 621 m masonry.
The distance between the shafts is approx. 1325 m as the crow flies .
Removal and installation, dismantling and relocation processes
The north-west-south-east trending potash store was aligned in the direction of strike by driving double lines . These cut-through sections connected at regular intervals of around 30 m to 50 m. These route connections were useful both for weather management and as escape routes, as the shafts were more than 1.6 km away from the face (here in the south-east of shaft I). The ground plan of these shafts from 1913 shows that at that time the potash store was only dismantled south of shaft I. As degradation process of the ridges was room and pillar applied. The length of these excavations corresponded to the thickness of the deposits and reached up to about 40 m with a width of the safety pillars between the individual extraction chambers of about 10 m.
On the other hand, BONK (1970) provides the following information in his mining damage analysis: mining width 15 m, mining length 100 - 130 m, pier width 10 m, piers 8 m, mining heights 6 - 14 m, cuts 3 - 4 m wide at a distance of 20 - 25 m , Construction field size of mine I 2500 m, construction field size of mine II 340 m.
The author of this article does not know which mining plan was available with which supplement date to BONK .
As Versatzgut served mill residues and rock salt from Roadway drivages . The detailed information on this is missing, so that the ultimately unmoved pit void volume cannot be shown.
Manufacturing processing
Outside the village of Oldisleben, on the road to Frankenhausen, the construction of the factory for processing the crude salts began in 1906. The capacity and the wastewater concession were designed for the processing of 10,000 quintals of crude salt per day. The following are the sales statistics for the years 1911 to 1920 [from MOSSNER , 1936]:
| product | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carnallite | 9075 | 683 | 587 | 409 | 275 | 407 | 816 | 83 | - | -
|
| Cainite and Sylvinite | 46898 | 43334 | 41075 | 29989 | 2132 | 11 | - | - | - | -
|
| Potash fertilizer salt 20% | 3112 | 3334 | 3821 | 2837 | - | 1496 | 10138 | 12153 | 1574 | 4828
|
| Potash fertilizer salt 30% | 1720 | 1927 | 1541 | 1186 | - | 1534 | 4783 | 160 | 783 | - |
| Potash fertilizer salt 40% | 16190 | 19602 | 20263 | 21900 | 54042 | 60573 | 42136 | 23812 | 26404 | 32247 |
| Potassium chloride u. Potash fertilizer | 23004 | 24734 | 21484 | 17634 | 5905 | 3262 | 8019 | 28304 | 6499 | 24082
|
| Potash sulfuric acid | 5655 | 5547 | 4412 | 3177 | 550 | 149 | 249 | - | - | 982
|
| Potassium magnesia sulfuric acid | 1375 | 1455 | 2271 | 1209 | 3229 | 2053 | 740 | - | - | 243
|
| Kieserite | 3106 | 4719 | 3117 | 1689 | 4400 | 600 | 600 | - | - | - |
The closure of the potash works
At the beginning of the 20th century, drilling activities in Germany to search for potash salt and hard coal experienced a real boom . In order to prevent the proliferation of new potash works (as well as coal mines) and thus overproduction, the Prussian state parliament decided at the request of MP Karl von Gamp-Massaunen u. a. the " Law, regarding the amendment of the General Mining Act of June 24, 1865/1892, of July 5, 1905 (GBS 265) ", referred to as Lex Gamp .
It initially led to a temporary ban on speculation of potash salts and hard coal for two years . This meant that only the state could acquire mining property. The latter was able to transfer it to third parties in the form of a time-limited real extraction right.
The Lex Gamp was the beginning of further state interventions to avoid the formation of monopoly up to the regulation of prices and the overproduction caused by the excessive increase of potash mines. The latter was also served by the so-called decommissioning ordinance of October 22, 1921 (" Ordinance on the amendment of the regulations for the implementation of the law on regulating the potash industry of July 18, 1919", (Reichs-Gesetzbl. P. 663) ).
In § 83a of this ordinance it says: “ A change in the conditions relevant for the assessment remains without influence until December 31, 1953 on the continuation and the amount of the participation figure of those plants which are voluntarily shut down up to this point in time. An irrevocable declaration to this effect must be submitted to the potash inspection office by April 1, 1923 (extended to December 31, 1926). Taking into account the economic circumstances, in particular the salt reserves, this determines the point in time by which the shutdown must be carried out; an extension of this period beyond April 1, 1924 is not permitted. A shutdown within the meaning of this paragraph requires that any extraction of usable minerals from the shutdown shaft ceases. Exceptions can only be granted by the Reich Minister of Economics after hearing the Reichskalirat and the potash testing office ”.
Condition of the mine after its closure
After the decommissioning declaration was issued and effective, both manholes were closed with a concrete cover. After 1945 the mine was declared property of the people ; In 1953 it was taken over by VEB Kaliwerk " Heinrich Rau " Roßleben in legal ownership. With the issue of the GDR's safekeeping order of October 10, 1971 (GDR GBl. II No. 73), the Halle District Council was responsible for a large number of old potash pits, so-called “pits of old mining without legal successors ”; thus also for the mine works of the union Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst.
In 1978/79, investigations were carried out on both shafts at the instigation of the former Geology Department of the Halle District Council (see picture gallery below).
Investigation work on shaft I in 1978
dito
Former porter's office
Shaft area of shaft II
Investigation work on shaft II in 1978
dito
The bottom of the shaft in shaft I was plumbed at −349.77 m above sea level, in shaft II at only 179.80 m.
The chemical analysis of the salt solutions found in the shaft tubes from a depth of shaft I of 516.82 m at the in situ temperature of +32 degrees revealed the following content of individual salts (all in g / l): CaSO 4 2.72; MgSO 4 23.30; MgCl 2 343.90; KCl 20.30; NaCl 4.00; Density 1.289 g / ml. This solution, which can be assigned to the chloride type, was in chemical equilibrium with the developed saline. The chemical analysis from a depth of shaft II of 317.60 m showed the following content of individual salts (all in g / l): CaSO 4 1.36; MgSO 4 32.19; MgCl 2 92.64; KCl 21.00; NaCl 127.40; Density 1.201 g / ml. This solution was also in chemical equilibrium to the developed geological sequence in the sampling area. Soil samples from the bottom of the manhole, which had been plumbed, indicated signs of cracking in the masonry.
With the accession of the GDR to the scope of the Basic Law , these disused shafts were also regarded as " disused facilities of a mining operation for which a legal successor does not exist or can no longer be determined ". Instead of the councils of the districts, the respective state governments acted until the relevant regulatory authority regulations were issued (" Thuringian law on ensuring public safety and order in objects of old mining and in underground cavities (Thuringian Old Mining and Underground Cavities Act - ThürABbUHG " from 23. May 2001 (published in ThürGVBl No. 4 of May 31, 2001, p. 41) as amended by the " Amendment by the Thuringian Law on the Adaptation of Authorities in the Mining Administration of December 3, 2002 (GVBl p. 430, 431))) Thus, up to now these disused manholes are legally regulated with regard to the duty of care for the purpose of hazard prevention in the responsibility of the Thuringian State Mining Authority (see also “Guide for safekeeping day shafts”). To ensure public safety , both manholes have been re- sealed (see adjacent photos) Access is by means of a chain link fence to prevent unauthorized entry n secured.
Bibliography
- J. Mossner (Ed.): "Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies" . Finanz-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Pinzke, G .: "Reference files regarding the investigation of closed potash mines in the Halle district ". Council of the Schwerin District, Geology Department, 1978, unpublished. So also notes from: Bonk: " Analysis of mining damage for the disused potash plant" Grand Duke Wilhelm-Ernst " ." Sondershausen, March 25, 1970.
- Pinzke, G .: Expertise on the assessment of the mining and public safety of selected potash pits without legal successors on the territory of the Halle district . Expert opinion, Council of the District of Schwerin, Department of Geology 1979, archive of the LAGB Saxony-Anhalt.
- oV: "Yearbooks of the German Brown Coal, Hard Coal and Potash Industry" . Wilhelm Knapp publisher in Halle / Saale.
- N / A : " Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies 1924-25 ". Finanz-Verlag, Berlin.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oldisleben. In: hgisg-ekompendium.ieg-mainz.de. Retrieved January 14, 2015 .
- ↑ Eckart Frischmuth, Lothar Rudolph: Excursion in the catchment area of the Middle Saale with the tributaries Ilm and Unstrut
- ^ Klaus Walter Ketelaer: On the development of mining law in the western part of the Prussian state. In: rheinkamp.com. 2018, accessed January 14, 2015 .
- ^ Arndt, Adolf 284. In: dlib-pr.mpier.mpg.de. Retrieved January 14, 2015 .
- ^ Harm Peter Westermann: Property law. Hüthig Jehle Rehm, 2011, ISBN 978-3-811-47810-7 , p. 76 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- ^ Gerhard Leibholz: Yearbook of the Public Law of the Present. New episode. Mohr Siebeck, 1965, ISBN 978-3-166-15942-3 , p. 207 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Order on the safekeeping of underground mining facilities (safekeeping order) VerwAnO Date of issue: October 19, 1971 (PDF file)
- ↑ Thuringian law on the guarantee of public safety and order in objects of the old mining and in underground cavities (Thuringian old mining and underground cavities law - ThürABbUHG) ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated May 23, 2001
- ↑ Guide for the safekeeping of day shafts in Thuringia ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated August 8, 2008, (PDF file)
literature
- E. Loock: Disused shafts - a problem for the potash industry . Freiberg research books, A 136 series, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- J. Löffler: The potash and rock salt deposits of the Zechstein in the GDR. Part III: Saxony-Anhalt . Freiberg research books C 97 / III, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962.
