Karel Havlíček Borovský

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Karel Havlíček Borovský
Borovsky monument in Duchcov (Dux)
Memorial plaque in Sedmihorky
Medal from 1971 for the 150th birthday

Karel Havlíček Borovský ( also Havel, birth name Karel Havlíček ) (born October 31, 1821 in Borová near Přibyslav ; † July 29, 1856 Prague ) was a Czech poet, prose writer, literary critic, translator, politician and journalist. He gave himself his surname after his place of birth Borová , today "Havlíčkova Borová" .

Life

He is often seen as the founder of Bohemian journalism and satire. In literary terms he can be assigned to realism , politically he belonged to the so-called second generation of the Czech national movement .

From 1832 he attended high school in Deutschbrod (today Havlíčkův Brod ), from 1838 he studied philosophy in Prague , then entered the archbishop's seminary , from which he was excluded in 1841. In 1842 he stayed to relax in the newly founded spa town Bad Wartenberg in Northern Bohemia, where he coined the term Český ráj (Bohemian Paradise).

He was the first to join the Russophile (cf. Slavophile ) of the first generation, who were beginning at that time, and decided to explore the status and kinship of the Slavs . In 1843 he therefore went to Moscow and became an educator in a noble house. In 1844 he returned with the conviction that the Slavic relationship was impossible. In 1846 he became editor of Pražské noviny (Prague newspaper) and Česká Včela (Czech bee). In 1848 he left the Prague newspaper and founded his own daily newspaper Národní noviny (national newspaper ), which became very popular.

He took part in the organization of the All-Slavic Meeting , visited Poland and Croatia, and convinced writers there of the need for the meeting. In 1848 he was elected as a member of the Vienna Imperial Parliament and the Bohemian National Committee. He was very active in the National Committee in Prague, while in Vienna he was more of a journalist than a representative of the people.

He took a radical stand against the government, whereupon the national newspaper was banned in June, the ban was only withdrawn when he promised his moderation. Havliček continued to fight by means of legal resistance, inspired by the Irishman Daniel O'Connell . The second ban followed in January 1850, Havliček was placed under police supervision and he was banned from staying in Prague. He went to Kuttenberg and published the magazine Slovan (The Slav) there with modest means . But he also had to stop this in 1851. However, the result of the Slovan magazine was that the Viennese government launched the Viennese daily newspaper , in which some of its editors worked, as a counterpart . In November 1851 he won the legal proceedings, but was still transferred to Brixen on December 16, 1851 . But he didn't think much of the South Tyrolean city of Brixen and described it as follows:

“[...] Brixen and its surroundings are sincere and, in short, a miserable nest full of fools and hypocrites, spoiled by abuse of religion, with a few exceptions, of which I have not yet met any after a stay of 13 months. [...] And in this respect Brixen is, according to the general judgment, even the Tyrolean the worst area! "

- Karel Havlíček Borovský : letter of February 1, 1853 to Emilie Zöldnerová in Prague

Havliček remained in exile in Tyrol, where he was exiled , for four years before he was allowed to return home on May 6, 1855.

He died in Prague in 1856 as a result of consumption . He is buried in the Olšany Cemetery in Prague. The writer Božena Němcová placed a crown of thorns on the grave in his honor in front of the police .

The asteroid of the main outer belt (2706) Borovský is named after him.

Works

He wrote about 78 epigrams and several books.

  • Epištoly kutnohorské (Epistle from Kuttenberg)
  • Obrazy z Rus (pictures from Russia)
  • Tyrolské elegie ( German Tyrolean elegies ). Satirical description of the exile in Brixen and criticism of the police and the political system in 9 elegies . The book did not appear in print until after Havlíček's death.
  • Král Lávra (King Lavra) is an Irish folk tale about a donkey-eared king. The royal hairdresser is not allowed to reveal the secret. But he whispers it to a willow tree from whose branches someone carves a pipe and uses it to spread the secret throughout the kingdom.
  • Křest svatého Vladimíra (The Baptism of Saint Vladimir ) is the fate of the god Perun (Slavic god of thunder). The tsar ordered Perun to let it thunder on his name day. However, Perun refused. The tsar had him captured and drowned.
  • Epigramy (epigrams) are short compositions written in verse, the first part of which suggests an idea and the second part of which ends with a punch line. It is mostly criticism, parody or satire.
current edition (in German translation)

literature

Web links

Commons : Karel Havlíček Borovský  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Hieronymus Riedl: "Brixen in the letters of Karl Havliček." In: New contributions to the historical regional studies of Tyrol. Part 2. = Tyrolean economic studies 26. Innsbruck-Munich: Universitätsverlag Wagner, 1969. P. 374
  2. ^ Hans Karl Peterlini : Dissident reports from Tyrol . In: Hannes Obermair et al. (Ed.): Regional civil society in motion. Festschrift for Hans Heiss (=  Cittadini innanzi tutto ). Folio Verlag, Vienna-Bozen 2012, ISBN 978-3-85256-618-4 , p. 424–442, here: p. 425 .
  3. ^ Lutz D. Schmadel : Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition. Ed .: Lutz D. Schmadel. 5th edition. Springer Verlag , Berlin , Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7 , pp.  186 (English, 992 pp., Link.springer.com [ONLINE; accessed on September 8, 2019] Original title: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . First edition: Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1992): “1980 VW. Discovered 1980 Nov. 11 by Z. Vávrová at Kleť. ”
  4. ↑ Riedl, Franz Hier [onymus]: "Karl Havliček as an exile in Brixen." In: Der Schlern : Illustrated monthly books for local history and folklore. Volume 41, Sept. 1967, issue 9, p. 24.
personal data
SURNAME Borovský, Karel Havlíček
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Havel; Karel Havlíček (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech poet, prose writer, literary critic, translator, politician and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH October 31, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Havlíčkova Borová near Přibyslav
DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1856
Place of death Prague