Karl Járay

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Karl Jaray, around 1925

Karl Járay (born March 14, 1878 in Vienna , Austria , † November 29, 1947 in Buenos Aires , Argentina ) was an Austro-Hungarian architect , construction technician , university professor and patron . He was a representative of neoclassicism , open to the latest technologies, maintained a high degree of independence beyond contemporary architectural tendencies and was considered a leading specialist in reinforced concrete construction . He taught and worked mainly in Vienna and Bohemia, but recently also worked in Argentina.

family

He was the second child and son of the wine merchant and yeast producer Adolf Járay (1846-1939) and his wife Therese (1850-1934), née Schönberg, who came from the Hungarian Temesvár . After moving from his native Temesvár to Vienna in 1877, Adolf Járay had, like his two older brothers Sándor (Alexander, 1845–1916) and Sigmund (1838–1908), Hungarianized the family name in Járay. They dropped their original family name Jeitteles , which has been documented since the beginning of the 17th century, in order to take its Yiddish sound out of the public eye and in this way to protect themselves from anti-Semitic discrimination.

Karl Járay had four siblings, the older brother Rudolf (1876–1905) and the two younger brothers Felix (1880–1953) and Paul (1889–1974) and a sister Juliette (1891–1911). All were born in Vienna. In 1901 Karl Járay converted from the Mosaic to the Christian faith , here: to the Roman Catholic Church .

In 1905 he married Margarete (1875–1942), née Hirsch, who came from Vienna. She also converted to Catholicism before her marriage in Vienna's Schottenkirche . The marriage resulted in three children, Maria “Mariedl” (1907–1948), Rudolf (1909–2001) and Karl (1919–1941). From 1922 to 1929, the parents made it possible for their son Rudolf to visit the Free School Community of Wickersdorf , a reformed educational rural education home in the Thuringian Forest .

Education

After attending secondary school, Karl Járay studied architecture at the Vienna University of Technology from 1895 to 1901 . He completed the construction school with Karl Mayreder and Karl König and graduated with the 2nd state examination.

Professional development

Karl Járay, around 1910

From 1901 he worked as a construction assistant at the kk Staatsbahnen (kkStB) in Villach , but quickly gave up this position in favor of a teaching position at the German Technical University (DTH) in Prague , where he worked as an assistant from 1901 to 1904. From 1904 to 1908 he worked there in the field of reinforced concrete structural engineering as a lecturer and from 1908 as an associate professor. In 1902 he received his doctorate with distinction as Doctor technicae and was able to complete his habilitation in 1904 .

From 1903 to 1912 he was an editor for the periodical Technische Blätter. Journal of the German Polytechnic Association in Bohemia and was a member of the editor-in-chief from 1909 to 1912. From 1913 to 1918 he taught at the German Technical University in Prague as an associate professor for building economics, heating and ventilation, from 1918 to 1925 he researched and taught as a full professor at the chair for the Encyclopedia of Building Construction.

During this time he was able to plan and realize several buildings for banking institutes (Escompte Bank, Prague), factories, sanatoriums, but also residential buildings with rental apartments in Prague and Bohemia. It traded as “Járay, Dr. techn., Karl: Building customer B (bank and industrial buildings), building economics, heating and ventilation ”. In 1925 he retired in order to be able to work entirely as a freelance architect in Vienna. In this phase he devoted himself to the construction of industrial plants (Bunzl & Biach), but also private villas. For example, he worked repeatedly for his friend, the industrialist Hugo Bunzl (1883–1961).

In 1925 he planned for his family and himself in Vienna's XIX. District ( Döbling ) a house at Langackergasse 22, which was planned to be demolished in 2008. It is characterized by an idiosyncratic hipped roof . In 1929 he planned a house for his aunt in Vienna's Grinzinger Strasse 39, also in the 19th district. He built a summer house for his family in Spital am Pyhrn in the Traunviertel .

Autograph by Karl Járay, November 1928

Járay dealt intensively with literature and belonged to the circle of friends around the writers Karl Kraus and Adolf Loos . He admired the work of his friend Kraus and had a long and lively correspondence with him. For him he was also active as a propagandist and mediator in order to promote his reading evenings from Goethe's and Shakespeare's dramas. He compiled an extensive subject index for the satirical magazine Die Fackel published by Kraus , as he informed Germaine Goblot (1894–1948), Karl Kraus' biographer, in writing: “I assume that you are the reason why I really have two copies of the Magazine [Die Fackel] is unknown. It consists in the fact that I have been working on a work for almost five years now […], the register of the magazine that will only reveal the surprising immeasurable wealth of content […] ”. The register includes the Fackel years 1899 to 1932 on 7,504 index cards. The Buttinger Library of the University of Klagenfurt has digitized Járay’s register and added additional years.

Together with Bunzl, he financed the repurchase of the Innsbruck publishing house to Ludwig Ficker , in order to enable him to publish Loos' works.

Building of a bank in Prague that Karl Járay and Josef Sakař (1856–1936) helped to plan

In 1934 he played a key role in the organization of a meeting on the occasion of the 60th birthday of his friend Karl Kraus, at which the French writer Henri Barbusse , the Austrian composer Alban Berg , the German playwright and lyric poet Bertolt Brecht , and the Czech writer Karel Čapek , the German writer Mechtilde Lichnowsky , the Czech editor of the newspaper " České Slovo " and Karl Kraus translator Jan Münzer (1898–1950), the French journalist of the magazine "L'Europe Novelle", Marcel Ray , and the German poet Else Lasker students took part.

In 1936 Járay and Heinrich Fischer spoke the parting words at Kraus' grave. Járay had previously asked his cousin, the sculptor Alexander Járay (1870–1943), to remove Kraus' death mask.

After the occupation of Austria by the German Wehrmacht , Járay was able to escape in time and in 1938 emigrated to Prague, where he was housed in a guesthouse. When his residential building was confiscated by the Gestapo , numerous documents fell into the hands of his school friend Karl Kraus, who had died in 1936 and who had appointed Járay to be his administrator.

The private residential building in Vienna's 19th district at Langackergasse 22 and the family's property in Spital am Pyhrn were confiscated and expropriated. The Gestapo, based at Morzinplatz in Vienna , informed the Reich Governor in Greater Vienna , Josef Bürckel , in writing on July 15, 1940: “The property at Langackergasse 22, half of which belonged to Karl Jaray and his wife Margarethe Jaray, was decreed on 15. June 1938 drafted in favor of the NSDAP ”. On December 6, 1940, the Vienna Inner City East Tax Office, based at Riemergasse 2, also stated to the successor Baldur von Schirach : “Re: Dr. Karl Jaray [...] Reich flight tax . On November 28, 1940, the arrears costs of RM 2,968.04 were paid by the notary Herbert Wolff in Windischgarsten from the proceeds from the property in Spital am Pyhrn belonging to the Jews. The Reich flight tax account is therefore balanced ”.

Forewarned by the Sudeten crisis , Járay had to flee again quickly after the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia on March 15 and 16, 1939 and went to Great Britain, where he lived in London until 1943. In the luggage was a duplicate of the torch's index . A microfilm of it, which was later acquired by Joseph Buttinger , ended up in the Klagenfurt University Library with his estate in 1971.

In England his youngest son Karl died of a lung disease in an internment camp in 1941, as did his wife in 1942. From England Járay left Europe for good during the Second World War , moved to South America and settled in the Argentine capital Buenos Aires, where his daughter Maria was already staying with her husband Wolfgang Stein. According to family tradition, Maria, a doctor, is said to have committed suicide. Karl Járay probably married a second time, was able to work as an architect again for a few years and build several industrial buildings.

He died of an infectious disease at the age of 69.

Awards

Memberships

  • from 1902 - German polytechnic association in Bohemia
  • from 1907 - Wiener Bauhütte

Publications

  • Cell ceiling system Kulhánek. A contribution to the calculation of composite bodies . In: Technische Blätter , 34 (1902), Prague 1902, pp. 58–74.
  • On questions of the simple, direct and economical dimensioning of concrete structures . Prague 1906.
  • Theory and tasks of concrete iron construction . Prague 1907.
  • with Alfred Birk and L. Krombholz: Der Bahnmeister , Volume 1, Theoretical auxiliary teachings for the practice of the construction and maintenance service of the railways , H. 5, Construction apprenticeship, 2nd half, structural engineering. Knapp, Halle on the Saale, 1909.
  • ders .: Guideline for building construction, taking structural damage into account . Knapp, Halle on the Saale, 1909.
  • To the rental house question . In: Technische Blätter , 44 (1912), p. 63ff.
  • The suicide of mankind (from a lecture). Edited by Austrian Committee against the Impending War, Anzengruber, Vienna 1933.
  • with Heinrich Fischer: Farewell words on the grave , obituary for Karl Kraus, June 15, 1936, self-published, Vienna 1936.

literature

  • Franz Stark (Ed.): The Imperial and Royal German Technical University in Prague 1806–1906 (Festschrift for the centenary). Self-published, Prague 1906. OCLC 832665058
  • Alfred Birk (Hrsg.): The German Technical University in Prague 1806-1931 (Festschrift on behalf of the professors). Lark, Prague 1931. OCLC 162898371
  • Burkhard Rukschcio, Roland Schachel: Adolf Loos. Life and work . Salzburg 1982, ISBN 978-3-7017-0288-6 .
  • Ch. Wagenknecht: Karl Jaray. Circular 1928–1934 . In: Kraus-Hefte , 52, October 1989.
  • Rostislav Švácha: Od moderny k funkcionalismu . Victoria Publishing, Prague 1993, ISBN 80-85605-84-8 .
  • Zdeněk Lukeš: Splátka dluhu. Prague a její německy hovořící architekti 1900–1938 . Fraktály, Prague 2002, ISBN 80-86627-04-7 , pp. 72-74.
  • Iris Meder: Open Worlds. The Viennese school in single-family house construction 1910–1938 . Phil. Diss. University of Stuttgart 2004. doi : 10.18419 / opus-5239
  • Pavel Vlček: Encyklopedie architektů, stavitelů, zedníků a kamíků v Čechách . Academia, Prague 2004, ISBN 80-200-0969-8 , p. 277.
  • Eva Erbanova, Milan Šilhan, Rostislav Švácha (eds.): Slavné Vily. Jihočeského kraje . Foibos, Prague 2007, ISBN 978-80-87073-03-2 .
  • Georg Gaugusch : Who once was. The Jewish upper middle class of Vienna 1800–1938 , A – K, Amalthea Signum, Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-85002-750-2 .

Web links

Commons : Karl Jaray  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jaray, Karl . In: Deutsche Biographie, on: deutsche-biographie.de
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Karl Jaray . In: Architektenlexikon, Vienna 1770–1945, on: architektenlexikon.at
  3. ↑ a b Karl Jaray . In: Architecture in Northern Bohemia, on: usti-aussig.net
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q “And what will it be with the Jarays?” . In: David , on: david.juden.at
  5. ↑ Ruth Kestenberg-Gladstein: Modern history of the Jews in the Bohemian countries (= series of scientific treatises of the Leo Baeck Institute , 18). Volume 31. Mohr, Tübingen 1969. OCLC 1709438
  6. ↑ Peter Dudek : “Everything is a good average”? Impressions of the student body of the FSG Wickersdorf 1906–1945 . In: JHB 23rd Yearbook for Historical Educational Research 2017 . Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7815-2237-4 , pp. 234-279 (citation: p. 255).
  7. ↑ Student directory of the Free School Community Wickersdorf. In: Archives of the German youth movement , Ludwigstein Castle near Witzenhausen in Hesse.
  8. ^ Rudolf J. Járay: Memories of the country school home of the Free School Community Wickersdorf, in which I lived from 1922 to 1929 . In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte 41, H. 5/6 S. 144-146; H. 7/8 pp. 185-189.
  9. ↑ Jaray, Karl . In: Kalliope-Verbund, on: kalliope-verbund.info
  10. ↑ Minerva. Yearbook of the learned world . Volume 27 (1925), p. 1188.
  11. ^ Christian Mayr: Architectural jewel about to be demolished . In: Wiener Zeitung , July 23, 2008, at: wienerzeitung.at
  12. ^ Letter from Karl Járay to Karl Kraus . In: Vienna Library, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, call number HIN-168918, on: wienbibliothek.at
  13. ↑ machines Written Letter from Karl Járay to Germaine Goblot, ca. 1934-1937. In: Kraus Collection Maximilian Rubel. Quoted from: Catalog Karl Kraus . Antiquarian bookshop Die Silbergäule, Hanover 1994, p. 17.
  14. ^ Edition and supplement to the register on the "Fackel" by Karl Jaray (3.1). In: Robert Musil Institute for Literary Research / Carinthian Literature Archive in Klagenfurt, on: onb.ac.at
  15. ^ Brenner-Verlag (Innsbruck) . In: Österreichische Verlagsgeschichte, on: murrayhall.com
  16. ^ Karl Kraus approx. Verlag Melantrich . In: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, on: wienbibliothek.at
  17. ^ Alois Schumacher: France's security and Germany policy 1931-1935 in the conflict of the French public discussion . Phil. Diss., Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 1970, p. 100.
  18. ↑ Robert Sak, Zdeněk Bezecný: Dáma for rajského ostrova. Sidonie Nádherná a její svět. Mladá fronta, Prague 2000. ISBN 80-204-0852-5 . P. 170.
  19. ^ Pension Unitaria, Praha I, Karlová 8, III / 20. Sending a letter from Karl Járay to his Viennese assistant, the engineer Karl Brandner, dated April 21, 1938.
  20. ↑ As the acting administrator of the office of Prof. Dr. Járay was named in a letter dated October 5, 1938 to the Vienna Commercial Court of SS-Sturmbannführer Max Plobner.
personal data
SURNAME Járay, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian architect, construction technician, university professor and patron
DATE OF BIRTH March 14, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna , Austria
DATE OF DEATH November 29, 1947
Place of death Buenos Aires , Argentina