Caspar Bauhin

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Caspar Bauhin

Caspar Bauhin or Gaspard Bauhin (born January 17, 1560 in Basel ; † December 5, 1624 ibid) was a Swiss botanist and university professor of anatomy in Basel, who wrote numerous writings and books. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " C.Bauhin ". He is the father of Johann Caspar and brother of Johann Bauhin .

Life

Caspar ileocecal came from the medical family ileocecal known as Huguenots from Paris and Amsterdam had fled to Basel; his father was Jean Bauhin . Caspar Bauhin studied medicine with a focus on anatomy at the University of Basel , with Felix Platter among others . Other places of study were Padua from 1577 , including Girolamo Mercuriale , Montpellier , Paris and Tübingen . In 1581 Bauhin was awarded a Dr. med. PhD.

From 1582 he was a teacher of Greek , from 1589 lecturer and then first full professor of anatomy and botany at the University of Basel, for which he set up their botanical garden . In 1614 he was appointed city doctor and professor for practical medicine (as successor to Felix Platter) at the university. In 1592, 1611 and 1619 Bauhin was rector of the University of Basel.

Bauhin held public sections and botanical excursions as part of his medical training in Basel. He promoted the establishment of the Basel Theatrum anatomicum and the Hortus medicus (1589).

He is the author of numerous publications with anatomical content, in which he summarized his lectures and anatomical-pathological demonstrations, reproduced them with a meticulous and almost complete list of all body parts and added physiological and pathological explanations. He is still known today in medical circles as the "discoverer" or the official first describer of the ileocecal valve , a closure at the transition between the large and small intestines, which is also called the Bauhin valve after him .

With Bauhin, who also knew the flora known from all over Europe at the time, the period of the so-called "fathers of botanical science" ( Otto Brunfels , Hieronymus Bock , Leonhart Fuchs, Pietro Andrea Mattioli ) came to an end, both in terms of naming ( nomenclature ) as well as the individual descriptions ( physiognomy ) and the arrangement according to habitual similarities ( systematics ).

He was the first to completely differentiate between species and genus and created a binary nomenclature. Bauhin described around 5,640 plant species known at the time with brief diagnoses. On the other hand, the diagnoses of the genera are still missing with him. In the arrangement of the plants he attached great importance to the natural relationship.

Honors

Charles Plumier named the genus Bauhinia of the plant family Fabaceae in his honor and his brother Johann Bauhin . Carl von Linné later took over this name.

Fonts

  • as editor: Petri Andreae Matthioli Opera Omnia. Johannes König, Basel 1574.
  • Theatrum anatomicum infinitis locis auctum, ad morbos accommodatum. Basel 1592.
  • Phytopinax seu enumeratio plantarum . Basel 1596 (digitized version) .
  • Anatomica corporis virilis et muliebris historia. Suffering 1597.
  • Translation by: Pietri Andreae Matthioli medici senensis Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica materi… Frankfurt 1598 (digitized) .
  • Theatrum Anatomicum. Frankfurt 1605 (digitized version) .
  • Arrangement by: Jacobus Theodorus . Neuw completely Kreuterbuch: with beautiful and artificial figures of all plants of trees, shrubs and herbs, so in German and French countries, also in Hispania, East and West India, or in the Newen World, of which over 3000 are specifically described, including theirs Distinction and effect ... are displayed ... Bassaeus, Frankfurt am Main 1613 (digitized) .
  • Pinax theatri botanici. Basel 1623.
  • Histoire des plantes de l'Europe, et des plus usitées qui viennent d'Asie, d'Afrique, & de l'Amérique… Lyon 1671, 2 vol.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bauhin, Caspar in Rectors of the University of Basel , (accessed on January 18, 2013)
  2. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke : Caspar Bauhin. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present. , 3. Edition. Springer, Heidelberg 2006, p. 32 f., DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  3. ↑ Hans Peter Fuchs-Eckert: Caspar Bauhin - first full professor of anatomy and botany at the University of Basel. In: The Bauhin family in Basel. Bauhinia 7/2 (1981) 45-62.
  4. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera . Leiden 1703, p. 26
  5. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 91

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Bauhin, Caspar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bauhin, Gaspard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss physicians and botanists
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1560
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH December 5, 1624
Place of death Basel