Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul (Lutsk)

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Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul
Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul

Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul
Construction year: 1630-1780
Architect : Giacomo Briano, Pawel Gizycki, Gints
Style elements : classicism
Location: 50 ° 44 '17.8 "  N , 25 ° 19' 11.7"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 44 '17.8 "  N , 25 ° 19' 11.7"  E
Purpose: Roman Catholic church building

The Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul and the Jesuit College are national architectural monuments in Lutsk . The church and the college belonged to the Jesuit order and were built according to their needs. Today the college serves as a university, the church as the cathedral of the Lutsk diocese .

history

construction

Designed by the architect Benedykt Molli

The Polish King Sigismund III is considered the founder of the church and the college . Wasa , Bishop Marcin Szyszkowski and Paweł III. Wołucki. The architect M. Gints worked out the construction plan, which was later supplemented and changed by the architect Djakomo Briano. According to his plans, the foundation stone was laid on July 16, 1616. In the second half of the 1630s, the building of the church in the Renaissance style was completed . The Jesuit Church was built on the site of the entrance tower to Okolyny Castle so that it replaced the castle wall and the main facade was next to the entrance gate to the castle. The college building was built in the middle of the 17th century according to plans by the architect Benedykt Molli.

Education

At the beginning the college had 150 students, the number later rose to 300. The study was free of charge, people from Lemberg , Ostrog and Kiev came here for lessons . A course in moral theology was introduced in 1615, followed by philosophy in 1636 . Fencing , dancing and foreign languages ​​were also taught here . A separate area for the theater was also divided up. The philosophy teaching was canceled in 1638 and 50 years later used again in 1688. Mathematics and physics were taught in 1692–1695, and in 1753 these subjects were reinstated. In 1762 ethics and philosophy courses were added.

The conflicts with the Orthodox

Relations between the Lutsk Jesuits and members of the Lutsk Brotherhood were difficult and tense. There were fights and lawsuits. In 1627 Wojtech Chelpowsjkyj tried to drown the monk Serapion in the river Styr . The beggar Lukjan Pinslkyj, who lived with the monks in the monastery, was beaten to death by college students.

1724 - today

On June 14, 1724, a fire broke out that severely damaged the church. Over the next few years, up to 1730, the thorough restoration was carried out with the help of architect Paweł Giżycki , a Jesuit. The church was given a different shape. To preserve the walls, which had been weakened by the fire, the church with the galleries was built around the narthex and two towers were built. The church got a classical look.

In 1773 Pope Clement XIV announced the abolition of the Jesuit order . The church was given to the People's Education Commission. The college was closed. In 1787 the church was elevated to a cathedral . The chapter together with the diocese chancellery owned part of the former college. In the 19th century, Catholicism was suppressed by the Russian government. Throughout the century, writings and objects that were removed by the government from other churches in Lutsk were kept here. In 1946, the government of the Soviet Union closed the church. An atheist museum was soon established here . This damaged the interior and the works of art . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the function of the church was renewed. In 1999 an organ was installed which was made in 1953 by the organ builders Heinrich Rohlfing and Matthias Kreienbrink in Osnabrück and which was brought from Germany.

architecture

The main portal of the cathedral

The church with the base in the shape of the Greek cross is built as a basilica , with bypass galleries and two towers at the corners of the front wall. The towers have different shapes: in the west - square, in the east - octagonal. The front wall is adorned with 5 sculptures . The boards with Latin inscriptions are also located here.

The three-story college is behind the church. The south-west facade is particularly distinctive . Two lower floors are decorated with archery and archivolt bows. From the wall protrude 5 massive risalits with the cornices, triangular gables and the ancient roof tiles. To the south behind this facade is the gun tower of the Okolny Castle (of the Czartoryski family) with the remains of the wall from the 16th century.

The interior

The interior contains paintings, epitaphs , memorial plaques , old furniture , wall paintings , sculptures, bas-reliefs, monograms, stamps and other architectural decor. Some paintings have been reworked or restored, some also come from other churches and were brought to Lutsk. The oldest date from the 18th century and were made by unknown artists. Some of the paintings still have traces of post-treatment, which can be seen on the holy images of St. Francis , St. Hieronymus , "Scourged Christ" and the like. a. can recognize. There are also pictures that were painted for the church and its concrete stand. The oldest of these were painted by K. Villani, an Italian painter in 1801. In the sacristy there are other churches of Lutsk: Saint Bernard, Dominican , Carmelite and Trynitarian .

2012

Today, the Jesuit church is the main cathedral of the Lutsk diocese that the Wolhyner and Riwner includes areas. Vitaly Skomarowskyj is the bishop and professor of the diocese. The college is available to the Wolhyn Technical University. There are several underground vaults under the building that can be visited. The entrance is under the bell tower in the south-western facade. Recurring church services:

weekday time
Monday 09:00 ( Polish language ) 18:00
Tuesday 09:00 (Polish language) 18:00
Wednesday 09:00 (Polish language) 18:00
Thursday 09:00 (Polish language) 18:00
Friday 09:00 (Polish language) 18:00
Saturday 09:00 (Polish language) 18:00
Sunday 08:30 (Polish language) 10:00 12:00 18:00

Views

Clergy

  • Franciscus Kowalkowski de Kowalki h. Przeginia (* around 1645), canon and notary of the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (1674)

literature

Web links

Commons : Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pawet: DZIEJE STAROŻYTNE NARODU LITEWSKIEGO. Tom szósty. In: pawet.net. Retrieved May 17, 2016 .