Cathedral of Our Lady (Luxembourg)

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Our Lady of Luxembourg, from the west, with a new south choir and a new west portal (1935–38)
Interior view of the choir area, on the left the Grand Duke's box

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish Kathedral Notre-Dame , French Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Luxembourg ) is a Roman Catholic place of worship in the city ​​of Luxembourg and the cathedral church of the Archdiocese . The Luxembourgers also refer to the church as Mariendom ( Luxembourgish Mariendoum ).

history

It was built at its current location as a Jesuit church, the foundation stone was laid in 1613. In 1794, the church took on the image of the city and state patroness comforter of the afflicted and became the center of the octave of Our Lady . The figure of Mary was previously worshiped in the destroyed, later rebuilt Glacis Chapel . Around 50 years after the final transfer, the Jesuit Church received the title of consecration of the Church of Our Lady . In 1870 Pope Pius IX raised them . to the Cathedral of Our Lady . In 1935 renovations and extensions were carried out.

In 2011 the church served as a backdrop for the feature film The Treasure Knights and the Secret of Melusina .

architecture

Historic main facade from 1621, on the north side
Historic main portal, north side (1621)
The new west portal (Marienportal)
The miraculous image Comforter of the afflicted

Original structure

The building is a remarkable example of the late Gothic , but has various elements and decorations influenced by the Renaissance style and the early Baroque . The historic main facade is located on Rue Notre Dame (north side) and has a magnificent entrance portal (marked 1621), created by the sculptor Daniel Müller († 1623) from Freiberg in Saxony . In the gable is the monumental coat of arms of Archduke Albrecht VII of Habsburg , who was ruler of the Spanish Netherlands at the time of construction , to which Luxembourg belonged at that time. The original choir was adorned with a vault stone with the coat of arms of the Orval abbot Bernard de Montgaillard (1563-1628). He was probably involved financially in the establishment. When the choir was rebuilt (1935), the coat of arms stone was moved as a spoil in the crypt below.

Remodeling in the 20th century

Between 1935 and 1938 the cathedral was extended and enlarged to the south. The new building, which helps shape the silhouette of the fortress city of Luxembourg, was carried out according to the plans and under the direction of the Luxembourg architect Hubert Schumacher .

This extension, which adjoins the two choir bays from 1613 to 1621, shapes the current shape of the old religious order in the appearance of the city both through its spaciousness and through the architectural unity. In this context, it should be emphasized that the redesign of the exterior architecture of the Gothic-style cathedral was a challenge, as it was necessary to reconstruct the church with the surrounding buildings, such as the Atheneum building from the 17th century, the national library , the old refuge of St. Maximin (1751) (now Ministry of Foreign Affairs), as well as the surrounding older residential buildings, to be harmoniously connected. On the west side of the extension, on l'Arc Athenée / Boulevard Roosevelt (see picture), a new portal, the so-called Marienportal, was created. The new choir of the cathedral is accessible here. Before that, inside on the right, there is a staircase leading to the crypt below with the bishops' tombs and the grand ducal crypt.

Furnishing

altar

In the polygonal choir above the bishopric, in an exposed position, the miraculous image Comforter of the afflicted is set up. In front of it is the modern celebration altar. High arched windows designed with colored glass allow the daylight to enter in broken colors. Tapestries adorn the vestibule with biblical scenes. The main nave is supported by a ribbed vault, on the east side there is the grand ducal gallery. Aisles are built to the west and east; the eastern one is both a sacrament and baptistery, the western one houses an altar in honor of St. Joseph and several large candlesticks on which the believers can put candles. The altar areas of both aisles have rich mosaic decorations.

Organs

The cathedral houses two organs : an instrument from Haupt on the west gallery with 84 registers and an instrument from the organ builder Westenfelder with 64 registers on the rear gallery.

Great cathedral organ

The large cathedral organ goes back in part to an instrument from 1880, which was built by the organ construction company Dalstein and Haerpfer from Boulay-Moselle . This organ was pneumatized in 1921 and expanded in 1929 by the organ building company Haupt from Lintgen . In 1938 the instrument was replaced by a new building by the same organ building company with 84  stops (cone chests) on four manuals and pedal . The instrument has electropneumatic action. From this organ, the west gallery organ could also be played, which was replaced in 1995 by the new building by Georg Westenfelder . The rear organ had 24 registers and is currently in storage.

I Grand Orgue C – c 4
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Bourdon 16 ′
3. Principal 8th'
4th Major flute 8th'
5. Fugara 8th'
6th Covered 8th'
7th Dolce 8th'
8th. Prestant 4 ′
9. Reed flute 4 ′
10. Octav 2 ′
11. Fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
14th Cornet III-V 8th'
15th Mixture V-VI
16. Bombard 16 ′
17th Trumpet 8th'
18th Clairon 4 ′
II Positif expressif C – g 3
19th Salicional 16 ′
20th Principal 8th'
21st Lovely Gedackt 8th'
22nd Distance flute 8th'
23. Salicional 8th'
24. Quintatön 8th'
25th Principal 4 ′
26th Gemshorn 4 ′
27. Flageolet 2 ′
28. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
29 Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
30th Mixture III-IV
31. Rankett 16 ′
32. Tuba mirabilis 8th'
33. Euphon 8th'
34. Singing shelf 4 ′
harp
Tremulant
III Recit expressif C – c 4
35. Delicately packed 16 ′
36. Violin principal 8th'
37. Flûte harmonique 8th'
38. viola 8th'
39. Drone 8th'
40. Aeoline 8th'
41. Vox coelestis 8th'
42. Violin octave 4 ′
43. Flûte octaviante 4 ′
44. Flautino 2 ′
45. Quint flute 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
46. Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
47. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
48. Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
49. Piccolo 1'
50. Mixture IV-V
51. Cornet V 8th'
52. Dulciana 16 ′
53. Trumpet harm. 8th'
54. Basson-Hautbois 8th'
55. Vox humana 8th'
56. Clairon harm. 4 ′
Tremulant
IV positive C-c 4
57. diapason 8th'
58. Reed flute 8th'
59. Singing Principal 4 ′
60. Night horn 2 ′
61. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
62. Cymbel III
63. Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal (positive) C – g 1
64. Willow bass 16 ′
Pedal C – g 1
65. Contrabass 16 ′
66. Violon bass 16 ′
67. Sub bass 16 ′
68. Echo bass 16 ′
69. Octavbass 8th'
70. Drone 8th'
71. Cello bass 8th'
72. Prestant 4 ′
73. Bass flute 4 ′
74. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
75. Major fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
76. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
77. Mixture IV
78. Contra trumpet 32 ′
79. Bombard 16 ′
80. Dulciana (number 52) 16 ′
81. Trumpet 8th'
82. Clairon 4 ′
83. Singing Cornet 2 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling :. II / I, III / I, III / II, IV / I, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P.
    • Super octave coupling :. I / I, II / I, II / II, III / I, III / II, III / III, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, IV / IV, I / P, II / P III / P
    • Sub-octave coupling :. II / I, II / II, III / I, III / I, III / III, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, IV / IV
  • Playing aids : hand registers, a free combination, 3 free pedal combinations, various fixed combinations (including tutti général, tutti without octave couplings), various shelves, 32-fold setting system , crescendo roller .
Westemporen organ

The Westemporen organ was built in 1995 by the organ building company Westenfelder (Lintgen, Luxembourg). The instrument has 60 registers on four manuals and a pedal. The Spanish trumpet work is a specialty .

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Covered 8th'
3. Quintad 8th'
4th Flute II 8th'
5. Prestant 4 ′
6th Reed flute 4 ′
7th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Duplicate 2 ′
9. flute 2 ′
10. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
11. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Cimbel IV 1 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. bassoon 16 ′
14th Cromorne 8th'
15th Hopper shelf 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
16. Principal 16 ′
17th octave 8th'
18th Cane-covered 8th'
19th Prestant 4 ′
20th Major third 3 1 ⁄ 5  ′
21st Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Duplicate 2 ′
23. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
24. Mixture VI 2 ′
25th Cornet V (from cis 1 ) 8th'
26th Trumpet 16 ′
27. Trumpet 8th'
28. Clairon 4 ′
29 Voix humaine 8th'
Tremulant
III Oberwerk C – g 3
30th Quintad 16 ′
31. Baarpeip 8th'
32. Reed flute 8th'
33. Principal 4 ′
34. Flûte allemande 4 ′
35. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
36. octave 2 ′
37. flute 2 ′
38. Third II 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
39. Sharp IV 1'
40. Cimbel III 3 ⁄ 16 ′
41. Trumpet 8th'
42. oboe 8th'
43. Schalmey 4 ′
Tremulant
IV Spanish work C – g 3
44. Trompeta 16 ′ D.
45. Trompeta 1 8th' B / D
46. Trompeta 2 8th' D.
47. Clairon 4 ′ B.
48. Orlos 8th' B / D
Pedal C – f 1
49. Pedestal 32 ′
50. Principal 16 ′
51. flute 16 ′
52. octave 8th'
53. flute 8th'
54. flute 4 ′
55. flute 2 ′
56. Peasant flute 1'
57. trombone 16 ′
58. trombone 8th'
59. Trumpet 8th'
60. Clairon 4 ′
61. Cornet 2 ′
Tremulant
  • Pair : I / II, III / II, IV / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
  • Playing aids :

  • Westenfelder organ (Orgue classique)

  • Westenfeld organ

  • Organ on the west gallery

  • Wall positive organ on the west gallery

Bells

The chiming of the cathedral consists of eleven church bells . When the cathedral burned in 1985, only the big bell, the so-called Christ the King Bourdon , was spared from the flames. The big bell was cast by the Ulrich bell foundry in Apolda in 1937 and hangs in the east tower.

In 1986, the Karlsruhe bell and art foundry cast ten new bells. The four smallest bells hang together with the large bell in the east tower; the other bells hang in the west tower.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(cm) 		Mass
(kg) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 ) 		Bell chamber
 
1 Christ the King Bourdon 1937 Bell foundry Ulrich , Apolda a 0 East tower
2 Mother of God Bourdon 1986 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 168.5 3040 h 0 West tower
3 Joseph 137 1740 d 1 West tower
4th Kunigunde 122.7 1260 e 1 West tower
5 Benedict 109 875 f sharp 1 West tower
6th Elisabeth 95.2 592 a 1 West tower
7th Yolanda 84.8 420 h 1 West tower
8th Peter 79.6 383 d 2 East tower
9 Willibrord 71.2 247 e 2 East tower
10 Ignatius 63.1 191 f sharp 2 East tower
11 Nicholas 53 140 a 3 East tower

The crypt as a burial place

Crypt, entrance to the crypt of the grand ducal family

In the crypt of the cathedral are the tombs of the bishops from the Archdiocese of Luxembourg and the grand ducal family. In addition to the religious dignitaries, the following people are buried here:

  1. Johann , King of Bohemia (August 10, 1296 - August 26, 1346)
  2. Maria-Adelheid , Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (June 14, 1894 - January 24, 1924)
  3. Maria Anna of Portugal , Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (July 13, 1861 - July 31, 1942) - (Wife of Grand Duke William IV )
  4. Felix von Bourbon-Parma (October 28, 1893 - April 8, 1970) - (Consort of Grand Duchess Charlotte )
  5. Charles, Prince of Luxembourg (1927–1977) - (Brother of Grand Duke Jean )
  6. Charlotte , Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (January 23, 1896 - July 9, 1985)
  7. Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium , Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (October 11, 1927 - January 10, 2005) - (Wife of Grand Duke Jean )
  8. Jean , Grand Duke of Luxembourg (January 5, 1921 - April 23, 2019)

literature

  • The Cathedral of Our Lady of Luxembourg. Schnell Art Guide No. 2200, Schnell & Steiner Verlag, Regensburg, 1995, ISBN 3-7954-4033-5 .

Web links

Commons : Cathedral of Our Lady  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Faith, love, hope. Solemn opening prayer introduces the Octave of Our Lady in the Mariendom. In: Luxemburger Wort , daily newspaper of April 22, 2013; editorial
  2. ^ Voices from Maria-Laach , Volume 58, Herder Verlag, Freiburg, 1900, p. 58; (Detail scan)
  3. ↑ More information on the large cathedral organ
  4. ↑ More information on the Westenfelder organ ( memento of the original from September 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cathol.lu
  5. ↑ Sound recording of the carillon and the bells with information about the ringing bells

Coordinates: 49 ° 36  '34.7 " N , 6 ° 7' 52.7"  E