Kurzętnik

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Kurzętnik
Coat of arms of Gmina Kurzętnik
Kurzętnik (Poland)
Kurzętnik
Kurzętnik
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Nowomiejski
Gmina : Kurzętnik
Geographic location : 53 ° 24 '  N , 19 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 23 '57 "  N , 19 ° 34' 37"  E
Residents : 3065 (2007)
Postal code : 13-306
Telephone code : (+48) 56
License plate : NNM



Kurzętnik ( German Kauernik ) is a village in the powiat Nowomiejski of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with 9119 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Geographical location

The village is located in the southwest of the voivodeship, southeast of Grudziądz (Graudenz) and only a few from the district town of Nowe Miasto Lubawskie (Neumark) .

history

In 1291, Bishop Werner from Kulm awarded his cathedral chapter 300 Hufen together with the mountain "Cornichium", on which a castle was built around 1300, for the lands ceded to the Bishop of Plock in Löbau . The city was built next to the hill. The construction of the parish church of St Mariae Magdalenae had probably already started at the beginning of the 14th century. In 1330, the village was already a city when it was destroyed by the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas . The place was later owned by the Teutonic Order State ; In 1361 the house commander Heinrich von Thymaw is mentioned, in 1367 also a castellan . In 1414 and 1454 the town and castle were destroyed. After the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order, the region belonged to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which was under the patronage of Poland-Lithuania until 1772 .

In the 16th century the castle was in ruins; the castle ruins were largely demolished in the 19th century, apart from a few remains.

In 1659 Kauernik was burned down by the Swedes. With the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772, western Prussia and Kauernik were united with the eastern part of the Kingdom of Prussia under Frederick II of Prussia . In 1902 Kauernik received a train station on the Strasburg – Deutsch Eylau line , in 1905 it lost its town charter and was downgraded to a rural municipality.

Kauernik belonged 1818-1920 to circle Löbau in marienwerder the province of West Prussia of the German Reich .

After the First World War , the district had to be ceded to Poland for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . The invasion of Poland brought the territory back to the Reich. The Löbau district was renamed the Neumark district. The district area was assigned to the Marienwerder district in the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia .

Towards the end of World War II , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 and the area returned to Poland.

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1782 0 355 mostly Polish and Roman Catholic denomination
1831 0565 almost only Poles
1864 1,044 including 135 Evangelicals and 892 Catholics
1871 0933 including 120 Protestants (800 Poles )
1910 0793 including 90 Germans, seven Kashubians and 696 Poles
1943 1250

Ordensburg Kauernik

In 1291, Bishop Werner from Kulm awarded his cathedral chapter 300 Hufen together with the mountain "Cornichium", on which a castle was built around 1300, for the lands ceded to the Bishop of Plock in Löbau . In 1330, the village was already a city when it was destroyed by the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas . The place was later owned by the Teutonic Order State ; In 1361 the house commander Heinrich von Thymaw is mentioned, in 1367 also a castellan . In 1414 and 1454 the town and castle were destroyed. After the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order, the region belonged to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which was under the patronage of Poland-Lithuania until 1772 .

In the 16th century the castle was in ruins; the castle ruins were largely demolished in the 19th century, apart from a few remains. In 1659 the city of Kauernik was burned down by the Swedes.

  • Castle ruins

  • Castle ruins

  • Castle ruins

local community

The rural community (gmina wiejska) Kurzętnik includes the village itself and 17 other villages with 20 school offices (sołectwa).

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition in 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 98-99.
  2. ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 4: The time from the subjugation of Prussia in 1283 to Dieterich von Altenburg's death in 1341 . Königsberg 1830, p. 462.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 46, no. 6.) .
  4. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 436, No. 44.
  5. ↑ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 88–89, no. 67 .
  6. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 50, point 4.
  7. ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 4: The time from the subjugation of Prussia in 1283 to Dieterich von Altenburg's death in 1341 . Königsberg 1830, p. 462.