Little skullcap

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Little skullcap
Skullcap (Scutellaria minor)

Skullcap ( Scutellaria minor )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Scutellarioideae
Genre : Skullcap ( Scutellaria )
Type : Little skullcap
Scientific name
Scutellaria minor
Huds.

The Small Skullcap ( Scutellaria minor ), also Moor Schildkraut called, is a plant of the genus of skullcap ( Scutellaria ) within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

description

Appearance and leaf

The skullcap grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 10 to 20 centimeters. The usually thin and sharp square stem often grows easily, but can also have many protruding side branches. It is smooth or a little rough around the edges.

The opposite leaves are stalked very short. The simple leaf blade is 1 to 2 centimeters long and 3 to 6 millimeters wide and ovoid-lanceolate with a rounded or truncated base. The middle leaves have weak teeth on each side. They are mostly dull and weakly nerved, only a little lighter on the underside than on the top and usually more or less rough on both sides of short hair.

Habit, opposite leaves and flowers
Herbarium evidence

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from July to August, sometimes even until September. The skullcap forms terminal, floriferous, one-sided, cluster-like inflorescences with bracts that gradually become smaller towards the top . The lower bracts are always longer, while the upper ones are slightly shorter than the flowers. The almost horizontally protruding flower stalks are 2 millimeters long. The peduncle, the calyx and the corolla are hairy with short, protruding and glandless hair.

The hermaphroditic flowers are 6 to 7 millimeters long and zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The crown is dirty purple-pink and has a straight, elongated, funnel-shaped tube. It has a short, broad, three-lobed upper lip and a slightly longer, whitish, purple-spotted lower lip. The longer stamens are about as long as the upper lip, under whose side lobes they lie.

The Klausen fruit breaks up into four yellow-brown and almost spherical Klausen , which are densely covered with rough warts.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

ecology

The skullcap is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by insects. In terms of flower structure, the skullcap differs from the related skullcap species by its straight corolla tube and the non-articulated upper lip. The corolla tube is so short that the nectar is also accessible to short-nosed insects.

The diaspores spread through wind spreading, Velcro spreading and self-spreading. The rough Klausen are probably spread by birds . This probably explains the often very isolated locations.

Occurrence

Scutellaria minor is an Atlantic moor plant that reaches its eastern border in Germany. It is distributed from the Azores and Portugal via Spain through France to Ireland , England and western Scotland . It is quite rare in Central Europe and occurs in Belgium and Holland as well as in the western part of Germany . It is completely absent in Switzerland and Austria.

In Germany, the skullcap is particularly widespread in the Rhine area , but nowhere often. There are also occurrences in the southern Black Forest , as well as quite isolated sites in Württemberg , Bavaria , North Rhine-Westphalia , Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Brandenburg and Saxony . It is classified as endangered in Germany's Red List of Endangered Species .

The skullcap only occurs in soils that are poor in lime . It is one of the few mint family plants that clearly refuse lime . The skullcap grows in raised and transitional moors , on wet peat , sand and loam , in swamp forests and ditches. It is a character species of the Juncion acutiflori association in Central Europe, but also occurs in the society of the Sphagno-Alnetum from the Alnion association or Stellario-Scirpetum from the Nanocyperion association. It grows from the lowlands to the fir and spruce level of the low mountain range .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 4: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (4) (Labiatae - Solanaceae) . Carl Hanser or Paul Parey, Munich or Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-78021-3 (unchanged reprint from 1927 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • William Hudson: Flora Anglica , 1762: page 232 in a Google book search (first description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Little skullcap. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Scutellaria minor. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  797 .

Web links

Commons : Little skullcap  album with pictures, videos and audio files