Little evergreen

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Little evergreen
2 blue flowers periwinkle.JPG

Small periwinkle ( Vinca minor )

Systematics
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Dog poison family (Apocynaceae)
Subfamily : Rauvolfioideae
Tribe : Vinceae
Genre : Periwinkle ( Vinca )
Type : Little evergreen
Scientific name
Vinca minor
L.
blossom
Leaves and young fruit clusters

The small periwinkle ( Vinca minor ), also known as the small periwinkle , is a species of plant from the dog poison family (Apocynaceae).

description

The small periwinkle is an evergreen, low subshrub that reaches heights of growth of 10, at most 15 centimeters. The vegetative shoots are prostrate, take root at the nodes and can grow up to 2 meters long per year. The flowering shoots stand upright.

The opposite leaves are egg-shaped, entire, leathery, dark green and yellow on the back. They are up to 4 inches long. The petioles are fused at the base.

The hermaphrodite, five-fold flowers are single, long stalked in the leaf axils of this year's upright shoots. They are 2 to 3 centimeters in diameter. The petals are fused to form an 11 millimeter long tube. In the wild varieties, the flowers are light blue to purple and rarely white. Vinca minor blooms from March to June and fruit from June to July.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

ecology

The small periwinkle is a creeping subshrub ( Chamaephyt ). The upper side of the leaf is glossy (heat protection through reflection). The plant has undivided milk tubes .

The flowers are homogamous, saucer-shaped "large funnel flowers". The corolla has a five-part hem of propeller-shaped, asymmetrical, right-turned corolla lobes. The nectar is located at the bottom of the corolla tube and is protected by a ring of hair as a layer of juice. The plate-shaped scar is the result of vertical cohesion of the carpels and is provided with a tuft of hair at the tip, into which the pollen is emptied. Underneath there is a sticky band on which insects smear their proboscis when they lead it to the nectar , so that the pollen does not adhere until the proboscis is pulled out of the flower . This also enables self-pollination . Pollinators are butterflies , bees and woolly weavers (Bombyliidae).

The fruits are double follicles . The seeds have a nutrient tissue , but no head of hair; they are spread by ants . In Central Europe the plant rarely produces fruit and the seed set is low. Vegetative reproduction via the vegetative shoots is predominant.

Occurrence

Small periwinkle ( Vinca minor ), population

The Small evergreen occurs in central and southern Europe and Asia Minor and grows from the hill and the montane altitudinal zone at altitudes of about 1000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria at the Tiefenbacher Eck, it rises to an altitude of 1100 meters.

In Central Europe it is to be assessed as a cultural relict that has occurred in southern Germany since Roman times in Central Europe, but can also point to medieval settlements. It was mentioned as early as the 13th century by Albertus Magnus . It has been proven in Central Europe since the 16th century (1526 near Ulm). Since the long-distance spread occurs almost exclusively through humans, locations in the forest usually still show the location of former castles and settlements today . It belongs to the stinzen plants or castle garden refugees . It has only occurred in Schleswig-Holstein since modern times.

The small evergreen is scattered, but sociable, wild or overgrown in species-rich deciduous or mixed beech forests. It prefers nutrient-rich, fresh clay or loam soil in a mildly humid climate. According to Ellenberg , it is oceanic widespread, a freshness pointer, a weak acid and weak base pointer and a federation character of the oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion betuli). In Central Europe, however, it also occurs in societies of the Fagion association or of the Quercetalia pubecentis and Prunetalia orders.

Taxonomy

The scientific name Vinca minor was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

use

Toxicology, pharmacology, ingredients

The little periwinkle is poisonous in all parts. It contains more than 40 alkaloids , the total alkaloid content is 0.2 to 0.7 percent. The main active ingredients are vincamine and eburnamenine .

The small periwinkle was previously used as a medicinal plant to treat numerous diseases, but in 1986 the Federal Health Office revoked the approval for all preparations containing evergreens. In animal experiments , blood damage was found that was not due to the main alkaloids but to accompanying components. Evergreen herb ( Vincae minoris herba ) may no longer be used as a prescription drug . This prohibition does not affect vincamine ready-to-use preparations that are obtained from plants or are synthetically produced, and homeopathic preparations. They are used for cerebral circulatory disorders .

Garden culture

The lesser periwinkle is often planted as a ground cover for shady or partially shaded locations. There are also varieties with white ('Alba'), light-dark blue ('Bowles Variety') or red-violet ('Atropurpurea') flowers. The species wilds easily.

literature

  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  • Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994).
  • Eberhard Scholz. Vinca . In: Rudolf Hänsel , K. Keller, H. Rimpler and G. Schneider (Eds.) Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice . 5th edition, Springer, Volume 6 Drugs P – Z Berlin etc. 1994, pp. 1123–1134 ISBN 3-540-52639-0
  • Burkhard Fugmann (Hrsg.): Lexicon natural materials. Founded by Hermann Römpp. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-13-749901-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 760 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 354.
  3. ↑ a b Christian Stolz (2013): Archaeological indicator plants: case studies from the Taunus and northern Schleswig-Holstein. Plants as indicators for archaeological find sites: Case studies from the Taunus Mts. and from the northern part of Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) . - Writings of the Working Group on Regional Studies and Folklore 11: 1-30 [1]
  4. ↑ a b Werner Prange: The small periwinkle (Vinca minor L.) in West Germany - a cultural relic plant from Roman times. In: Writings of the Natural Science Association for Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 66, 1996, pp. 71-96, PDF file, 4 MB .
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 209 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D209%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  6. ^ G. Schneider, T. Dingermann, K. Hiller, I. Zündorf: Medicinal drugs. 5th edition. Elsevier, Spektrum, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-8274-1481-4 .
  7. ↑ BAz (Federal Gazette) No. 173 of September 18, 1986
  8. ↑ BAz No. 29a of February 12, 1986, in the version of BAz No. 172a of September 14, 1988 and BAz No. 177 of September 21, 1993
  9. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-hohenheim.de
  10. ↑ http://www.bio-gaertner.de/Articles/I.Pflanzen-dieDatenbank/Stauden-Sommerblumen_F-K/Immergrun.html
  11. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hort.uconn.edu

Web links

Commons : Small periwinkle ( Vinca minor )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files