Marienthal Monastery (Netze)
| Marienthal Monastery (Netze) | |
|---|---|
 Marienthal Monastery (Netze) |
|
| location |
 Germany Hessen |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 13 '28.1 " N , 9 ° 5' 39" E |
| founding year | 1228 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1553 |
| Mother monastery | Kamp Kamp-Lintfort Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
no |
The Marienthal Monastery is a former Cistercian monastery that was founded in Netze , a current district of the town of Waldeck in 1228 , in the border area between the former Franconian and Saxon Hessengau . Today only the church, which is worth seeing, with a winged altar from around 1370 and one of the oldest bells in Germany is essentially preserved. Marienthal was the only monastery in the County of Waldeck that was founded by the Counts of Waldeck themselves. When her family monastery, it houses the grave lay the family in later attached to the monastery church of St. Nicholas Chapel.
The attachment
To the north of the village of Netze, on the estate in the “Valley of St. Mary”, the Counts of Schwalenberg, probably Widekind I , built a three-aisled Romanesque church at the beginning of the 12th century . Widekind's sons and successors at Waldeck Castle , the brothers Volkwin and Adolf von Schwalenberg and Waldeck, founded the monastery in the same place in 1228, which was initially known as "In the valley of St. Mary" and then as "Marienthal" for him the church and the entire property as endowment. They called nuns from the oldest German Cistercian convent in Kamp (Kamp-Lintfort) on the Lower Rhine to settle .
Since the old church was too small for the monastery to operate, it was partly demolished soon after 1228. However, the stately tower was preserved and still stands today. A two-aisled choir-less hall church was built in its place, a construction that is rather rare in Hesse. The two western bays were divided into two floors by the nun's gallery. The church was consecrated to the Mother of God around 1280 . The original three yokes were put in front of two more in the east around 1330. After a fire in 1419 destroyed the wooden cloister, a stone cloister, which is no longer preserved, was built in 1429 on the north side of the church .
The Romanesque west tower was already part of the first church and was built in the first half of the 12th century. Two of the three bronze bells were cast in Gescher / Westphalia in 1971 . The third is one of the oldest bronze bells in Germany and is one of the oldest church bells that are still rung regularly. It was cast on site in the 12th century by monks passing through. It is without inscription or decoration. With a height of 80 cm (without crown) and a diameter of 83 cm, it weighs 300 kg.
Gothic winged altar
The most important work of art in the church is the three-part Gothic winged altar by the master of the Netzer Altar Triptych , created around 1370. At 475 cm wide and 134 cm high (open), it depicts the life of Christ in 13 images. The altar was evidently created under Westphalian influence and is characteristic of the style of the artists before Konrad von Soest , of whom there is an altar from 1404 in nearby Bad Wildungen . He should by Count Heinrich VI. after his return from Palestine in 1357 it was donated by him and his family out of gratitude for his return home and for the salvation of his deceased mother, Mechthild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1307–1357). It originally stood on the large nuns' gallery in the vault in front of the current organ until 1604.
St. Nicholas burial chapel
The Marienthal Monastery was the home monastery of the Waldeck counts . Many of the Counts of Waldeck are buried here. The grave chapel of St. Nikolaus was built on the south wall of the monastery church and in the second half of the 14th century another yoke was added to the west.
Heinrich II. (1305–1344) is the first count mentioned in a document to be buried in the chapel. However, it can be assumed that the founder of the monastery, Adolf I (1218–1270), was buried in this crypt. His grave slab has been preserved from his successor Otto I († 1305). Most of the members of the count's family were buried here until 1690 (afterwards in Arolsen ).
In 1638, when the burial chapel was completely used, Countess Elisabeth had the entire western vault of the chapel expanded into a lower-lying crypt, in which other members of the family were buried. The renaissance portal in the chapel was made by Andreas Herber .
The chapel itself is only seriously adorned with grave monuments and sarcophagi ( tumble graves ). The crypt vault under these Tumbengräbern in the western vault is home to 21 other, duplicate part, samtumzogene wooden coffins of counts and princes of Waldeck , who were buried in the 17th and 18th centuries in this tomb. Among them is the coffin of Prince Anton Ulrich , builder and founder of the castle and town of Arolsen .
St. Nicholas was an independent chapel with its own priest and chaplain and was generously endowed by the Count's House with properties in Netze and the surrounding villages.
From Schloss Waldeck the so-called leading Totenweg to Netzer church. The deceased members of the Waldeck family were taken to the funeral on it.
Monastery history
After a certain mischief had moved in, as in the life of so many monasteries of the time, the monastery was removed from the Flechtdorf Monastery (in today's Diemelsee municipality ) in 1468 by Abbot Hermann Frowein (Frowyn) on behalf of Archbishop Adolf II of Mainz and in 1487 Reformed by Abbot Heinrich von Kalkar from the mother monastery of Kamp and again committed to the strict rules of the order of Benedikt von Nursia and Bernhard von Clairvaux . It was only at this point that it was formally incorporated into the Order by the General Chapter.
Count Philip IV of Waldeck-Wildungen (1493–1574) met Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521 and became a follower of the new doctrine over the following years. He introduced the Reformation in the county of Waldeck and had the reformer Johann Hefentreger deliver the first Lutheran sermon in the church of the town of Waldeck on June 26, 1526 - four months before Landgrave Philip I started the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse with the Homberg Synod introduced.
In 1527, after the Reformation was introduced in the county on June 17, 1526, the monastery was dissolved. The last abbess, Katharina von Rhene (Rhena), and the remaining nuns were allowed to stay in the monastery until the end of their lives and, according to the contract with Count Philipp, had "free table according to the household's assets" on their monastery courtyard. At the request of the villagers in 1540, Philip persuaded the abbess to donate the Protestant parish in Netze from the monastery property. In 1540 36 nuns, 4 novices and the abbess lived in the monastery. In 1553 Philip concluded a settlement ( recess ) with the abbess and the convent , according to which the monastery property was converted into a count's dairy . When the last abbess died in 1565 and then the last chaplain in 1568, two nuns were still living in the monastery; the last died in 1577. In 1929 the dairy became today's state domain of Netze.
Biblia Latina - Netzer Bible
(Biblia Latina - So-called "Netzer Bible") and in 1630 the monastery was to be occupied again by imperial Resolution judgment, this valuable Bible came to the castle Waldeck . Today it is in the Marburg State Archives .
The Bible is a leather strap with blind embossing and metal fittings as well as two damaged clasps. The beginning and end sheets as well as some pages of the running text have been torn out. This makes a more precise printer assignment difficult.
However, the two-column 45-line print probably refers to Heinrich Eggestein from Strasbourg . Eggestein was a cleric and episcopal seal keeper until 1455. He acquired the necessary knowledge of letterpress printing from Gutenberg in Mainz. The type of printing he used (printed with the Latin type Peter Schöffers ) confirms the attribution to Eggestein. The Bible was probably printed between 1466 and 1468. The pages are richly decorated and contain initials painted in multiple colors. Individual capital letters at the beginning of the line are painted red or blue. The remaining capital letters in the text are filled with a faded yellow and the publication is red.
In addition, it contains numerous handwritten entries on the chronicle of the monastery and village as well as a register of abbesses from 1380–1565 by the Netzer pastor Otto Kurtzledder (1540–1567).
Modern times
The church was renovated in the second half of the 17th century. During roof work in 1845, the 5th yoke of the side aisle collapsed with part of the nuns 'gallery, and after another part of the gallery was demolished in 1846, only a quarter of the nuns' gallery remained, in the 5th yoke of the central nave, where the organ has been standing since then. The nuns' crypt was separated from the church by drawing in a wall between the 4th and 5th yoke and was then used as the beet cellar for the dairy. It was not restored until 1950 and used as a cemetery chapel. In 1971 the tower was renovated and in 1975 the roof structure of the nave was brought back to its old height. In 1990 the collapsed vault was rebuilt in its original form.
literature
- Eduard Brauns: Hiking and travel guide through North Hesse and Waldeck . A. Bernecker Verlag, Melsungen 1971.
- F. Häring (Ed.): DuMont Art Guide Hessen. Cologne 1988, p. 66.
- W. Dersch: Records of Pastor Otto Kurzledder in Netze from the years 1540–1567. In: Mein Waldeck 7/1924.
- Gabriele Maria Hock: Kloster Netze ( Memento from March 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) pp. 497-515. (PDF; 81 kB)
swell
- Hessian State Archives Marburg
Remarks
- ↑ The Gothic winged altar in the Netze monastery church
- ↑ The Netzer Altar / The Heart of the Church
- ↑ In May 1962, 21 coffins from the town church of Bad Wildungen were transferred to this crypt . These are the counts and their members of the "Wildunger Line".
- ↑ Hock, p. 498.
- ↑ Latin Bible so-called Netzer Bible, printed by Heinrich Eggestein in Strasbourg, 1471 , digital archive marburg .
