Monastery of St. Peter and Paul (Neisse)
The monastery of St. Peter and Paul was a settlement of the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher in the episcopal city of Neisse , which was the seat of the ecclesiastical principality of Neisse from 1290 until the secularization in 1810 . In Neisse the canons were called Kreuzherren .
history
In one of the earliest records of the Crusaders, here from January 11, 1226 confirmed Bishop Lawrence of Wroclaw the donation of Walther, his bailiff to Neisse, to the Crusaders for the purpose of establishing a hospital new building in 1239 led the Wroclaw Bishop Thomas I. the canons of St. Grave in a certificate of appeal with the establishment of a branch in his residential town Neisse in Silesia . In Neisse, the canons , known there as the Kreuzherren, built the church of St. Mariae in rosis and the monastery of St. Peter and Paul. In 1239 they also took over the Beatae Mariae Virginis Hospital , founded by Bishop Laurentius in Wroclaw , which was placed under the supervision of Provost Heinrich von Miechów in 1231 . At the instigation of Duke Bolko I. von Schweidnitz , the Kreuzherren received the hospital in Reichenbach in 1296 , which, with the consent of Bishop Heinrich von Würben , was placed under the Neiss provost. Around 1302 a Kreuzherren Hospital was founded in Racibórz . In 1319 hereditary bailiff knight Johannes Secklin founded a provost office with a hospital in Frankenstein , which was only confirmed during the reign of Duke Nikolaus von Münsterberg . Another hospital existed in Glogau .
In 1335 or later, the Miechów Masters' Convention submitted to the Zderaz Monastery in Prague ; likewise the Silesian provosts Frankenstein, Reichenbach, Ratibor and Glogau, whose dukes had already given their duchies as a fief to the crown of Bohemia , which was confirmed in the Treaty of Trenčín in 1335 . The affiliation of these provosts, which belonged to the diocese of Breslau, was confirmed in 1357 by Bishop Preczlaw von Pogarell . In 1435, Pope Innocent VIII transferred the Zderaz monastery, which had been destroyed by the Hussites in 1420 , to the Order of St. John . In 1500 it was subordinated to the provost of the Cross of Neisse. The church and monastery of the Knights of the Cross in Neisse were also cremated by the Hussites in 1428.
The new monastery complex in Neisse was rebuilt in 1434 within the town walls on the Salzring under its provost Johann Gruß ( Greutz ) and the church was again consecrated to St. Mariae in rosis . Provost Johannes Unglaube , master at the Kreuzstift from 1485 to 1500, who was able to prevent a planned takeover by the Order of Knights of Malta , made great contributions to independence . The independence of the Knights of the Cross was 1499 with a bull of Pope Alexander VI. approved. The introduction of the Reformation in England and other countries in Northern Europe brought the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher great losses to members of the order and monasteries. The order continued in Spain, the Netherlands, Silesia, Bohemia and Poland. The Miechów Monastery in Poland took over the function of the main house ( caput ordinis ). In 1547 Pope Leo X appointed the Neiss provost Vicar General of the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulcher in Bohemia , Moravia and Silesia. As a result, the Zderaz monastery was again subject to the Order of the Holy Sepulcher.
From 1720 to 1730, the St. Peter and Paul Church in Neisse was started as the collegiate church of the Cross by the court architect Michael Klein and, after his death, was completed by his successor Felix Anton Hammerschmidt based on the model of St. Nicholas on the Lesser Town of Prague . The frescoes were created by the brothers Christoph Thomas and Felix Anton Scheffler . After the transition of Silesia to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742, the order was initially able to continue its task. The Kreuzherrenkloster Neisse was dissolved by the secularization in 1810. The entire property of the pen became state property. After 1810, seven cross-lords lived in the Neiss monastery. In 1814 the collegiate church was left to the parish of St. James, and in 1818 it became a subsidiary church. From 1876 to 1889 it served the Old Catholics as a place of worship.
seal
The seal picture represents the Annunciation, below a praying figure. The inscription reads: + S. FRIS. HENRICI. DNICI. SEPULC.
Further branches in the diocese of Wroclaw
- Frankenstein : St. George's Hospital with a chapel, built in 1319 as a foundation of the hereditary bailiff knight Johannes Secklin. After secularization, it became a municipal hospital.
- Glogau : In 1318 a hospital with a church in the southeast in front of the city is occupied; It burned down in 1488.
- Ratibor : Hospital founded around 1302
- Reichenbach : Propstei with hospital and the Church of St. Barbara built in 1296. In the 1570s the provost became Protestant. In 1660 the provost's office was re-established.
Provosts of the Neiss branch
- 1251-1280 Hugo
- 1281–1289 Henricus de Hotzenplotz
- 1289-1296 Hugo
- 1296-1306 Theodiricus
- 1306-1310 Lambertus
- 1307-1332 Jacobus
- 1333-1337 Bernhardus
- 1337-1351 Thylo de Lubsschütz
- 1351-1357 Aegidius
- 1357-1382 Joannes de Reichenbach
- 1382-1397 Petrus Glaszendorf
- 1397-1400 Johannes Swob
- 1400–1413 Joannes Guttmann
- 1413-1418 Mathias Willsch
- 1418–1433 Johannes Grweck
- 1433–1436 Joannes Greutz
- 1436–1450 Joannes Zierler
- 1450–1453 Joannes Grund
- 1453–1472 Marcus Krauszpehor
- 1472–1485 Antonius Schwammelwitz
- 1485–1500 Johannes Unbelief
- 1501-1505 Stanislaus
- 1505–1522 Andreas Thile
- 1522–1542 Andreas Neyman
- 1542–1551 Petrus Birner
- 1551–1562 Gregorius Fruhman
- 1562–1573 Laurentius Grim
- 1591–1615 Matthaeus Lagus
- 1615–1622 Young David
- 1622 Daniel Michael
- 1622–1633 Joannes Reiman
- 1633–1638 Paulus Hantke
- 1638–1642 Mathias Stephanus Posonay de Leimpatsch
- 1642–1655 Franciscus Farusius de Massa Libia
- 1655–1667 Franciscus Carolus Nentwigius
- 1667–1680 Georgius Franciscus Richter
- 1680–1690 Joannes Georgius Alexius Conradt
- 1690–1699 Johannes Ferdinandus Pistorius
- 1699–1720 Urbanus Caspar Stenzel
- 1720–1726 Michael Josephus Karger
- 1726–1728 Godefridus Bernardus Langer
- 1729–1741 Elias Klose
- 1741–1742 Valentinus Dismas Jacobides
- 1743–1778 Ottonius Octavianus comes de Neuhauss
- 1778–1808 Joannis Nepomucenus Czucher
- 1808–1810 Jacobus Franciscus Martini
literature
- Karl Suso Frank : Canons of the Holy Sepulcher . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK) . 3. Edition. Volume 4. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, Sp. 1324. ISBN 3-451-22002-4 .
- AWETh. Henschel: On the history of medicine in Silesia . First issue, pp. 48–49, Breslau, published by GP Aderholz, 1837.
- Wilhelm Herrmann : On the history of the Neisser Kreuzherren from the order of the regulated canons and guardians of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem with the double red cross . Breslau, Breslauer Genossensch.-Buchdr., 1938
- Johann Heyne: Documented history of the diocese and bishopric Breslau . Breslau, Verlag von Wilh. Gottl. Korn, 1860.
- G. Stenzel: Scriptores Rerum Silesiacarum . 2. Volume, Breslau, Josef Max & Komp., 1839, from it: FCA Fuchsz, pp. 382–461.
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 96f., 128, 332-335 and 434f.
- The former hospital for St. Jacob, afterwards. Poor Clares Monastery. The Sepulchrissen Monastery at St. Leonard, and the Canonical Church. Cross in the county
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Twentieth report of the Philomathie zu Neisse, from May 1877 to August 1879, p. 88 u. Plate I. Neisse, Verlag der Graveur'schen Buchhandlung. Print of ad. Letzel. 1879.
- ^ August Kastner: grammar school program for the year 1852; Diplomata Nissensia antiquiora, primum edidit . S 5, certificate V.
- ^ Wilhelm Herrmann: To the history of the Neisser Kreuzherren (partial print) . Breslau, 1938 p. 44 u. 45.
- ↑ Ludwig Petry and Josef Joachim Menzel (eds.): History of Silesia . Volume 2, ISBN 3-7995-6342-3 , pp. 184, 186 and 193.