Klusek (Gostynin)
| Klusek | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Mazovia | ||
| Powiat : | Gostynin | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 30 ′ N , 19 ° 30 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 73 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 170 | ||
| Postal code : | 09-504 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 24 | ||
| License plate : | WGS | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 573 | ||
Klusek is a village in Poland in the Masovian Voivodeship in the powiat Gostyniński in the rural municipality of Gostynin .
geography
The village lies on the bank of the left Skrwa , a tributary of the Vistula , and borders directly on the Gostynin and Włocławek Protected Landscape Park to the west . Before the village was founded, the entire village was forested. In the course of the settlement activity, large parts of the place were cleared. This is especially true for the fields east of the village road. Lake Białe and Lake Lucień are in the immediate vicinity.
Place name
Probably the first surviving mention of the place name can be found in the baptismal register of the Catholic parish of St. Martin (parafia św. Marcina) in Gostynin and is dated November 5, 1794 as Klosek . According to the Polish historian Leszek Zugaj, the name goes back to an unspecified clay deposit in the village. Furthermore, the place name is of German origin, one could assume an origin from the German word Klause ( Low German Kluus, remote, lonely place ). At least for the year 1803 the place name Klusek is already documented on a map of South Prussia created by the German architect David Gilly . From 1837 to 1839 the spelling Klosek appears again in four cases in the baptismal registers of the Catholic parish of St. Martin (parafia św. Marcina) in Gostynin .
The Słownik Geograficzny Królewstwa Polskiego (Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland) from 1882 describes the place as Biały Klusek (White Klusek). This may be due to the neighboring village of Białe or the Bialer See, which is adjacent to both villages. Shortly before the turn of the century, the place name was used in reverse order as Klusek Biały . It also appears in this spelling in Polish indexes of the interwar period .
The list of places with a German population on the territory of the Polish state , which was compiled by the Berlin-Dahlem Publication Office in 1939 before the Second World War , still lists the place as Klusek Biały .
Nowadays the place name is used in all official documents without the addition of Biały .
history
The village was already inhabited during the Stone Age. In 1998, during excavations in Klusek, the remains of a 9 × 15 m homestead and everyday objects from the Stone Age were discovered.
The founding of the village probably goes back to German settlers of Pomeranian origin around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Klusek, which was completely covered with forest when it was built, was reclaimed by the German settlers and cultivated as arable land. Poles also settled in Klusek in the first few years.
Although the exact date of foundation is not yet known, the type of settlement as a street village suggests that it was a village founded after 1793, when the surrounding area fell to Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland as South Prussia . This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the place is first mentioned in the parish registers of the Catholic parish of St. Martin in Gostynin in 1794.
After the Peace of Tilsit in 1807, Klusek belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw together with the entire Gostynin district . However, after just eight years, after the Congress of Vienna , the state affiliation changed again in favor of the Russian Empire .
The majority of the German population was almost without exception Lutheran . This explains why there are hardly any German surnames in Catholic baptismal registers. Only a few Polonized German place names are recognizable. At first there was no parish in the vicinity. The next Protestant congregation was housed in a former Dominican monastery in Plotzk , about 25 km away , since 1804 . Only two decades later, in 1825, a Protestant parish was established in the ruins of the Gostynin Castle (10 km from Klusek). This Lutheran congregation existed until 1945. The Polish population was (and still is today) predominantly Catholic. Klusek belonged to the Catholic parish of St. Martin in Gostynin, which had existed since the 14th century. A small church dedicated to St. Joseph has been located in the neighboring village of Białe since the 17th century. The church, two and a half kilometers away, thus also served the Catholic residents as a place of worship. It was not until 1987 that a separate parish was established in the neighboring village of Lucień, to which Klusek also belongs.
As part of Congress Poland, Klusek remained a part of Russia until the First World War . On the evening of November 16, 1914, Klusek was actually the XXV. A unit belonging to the Reserve Corps and subordinated to the I. Reserve Corps during the battle , was captured under the command of Major Schmid in the course of the Battle of Lodsch . The night before, the latter had moved into their quarters in Dąb Wielki ( Great Dembe ) on the Vistula and during the day made their way through the woods to the village of Klusek, from there to see parts of the near Zakącie and Stanozenta (both places no longer exist since 1945) located 7th Siberian Corps. The unit, referred to in reports only as Schmid's division, represented the extreme tip of the left wing of the 9th Army and consisted of two battalions, a quarter squadron and a battery, all of which marched through Klusek that day.
On November 12, 1918, the German occupation ended and the village became part of the new, independent Polish state .
On September 16, 1939, the Wehrmacht reached Klusek and the surrounding area. On January 29, 1940, Klusek, like the entire district of Gostynin, became part of the Reichsgau Wartheland and thus joined the German Reich . As early as December 1939, the German occupiers appointed Müller Hajn, who lived in Klusek, as mayor of Gostynin . Klusek was captured by Red Army troops in the second half of January 1945. Since 1945 Klusek has belonged to the Polish state again.
politics
From 1867 to 1954 the village belonged to the Nowy Duninów Municipality , from 1954 to 1961 to the Gromada Białe, from 1961 to 1972 to the Gromada Lucień. Since the municipality reform in 1973 it has been part of the Gostynin municipality. Klusek is represented on the municipal council together with the towns of Kazimierzów, Choinek, Miałkówek and Budy Lucieńskie.
The mayor (Schulzenamt) has been the non-party Zuzanna Baranowska-Lemmen since 2018. She was confirmed for a full term (until 2024) in spring 2019 with over ninety percent of the vote and is one of the youngest incumbents in Poland.
The Sołectwa (Schulzenamt) also includes the historically independent villages of Ruda (northwest of Klusek) and Murowanka-Leśniczówka (southeast of Klusek), which have now grown together with the village.
The village is home to two associations (Stowarzyszenie Aktywnych Kobiet Kluska, Koło Gospodyń Wiejskich "Działamy Razem" w Klusku). Both associations organize several folk festivals throughout the year and contribute to active village life.
Demographics
For the first half of the 19th century, there is hardly any information on the population. It is believed that the first settlers were Germans of Pomeranian origin who were recruited by Polish locators down the Vistula . Catholic baptismal records show that Klusek was inhabited by several Polish families as early as the turn of the century. In the middle of the fifties of the 19th century a wave of emigration to Volhynia began among the German settlers , which lasted approximately until the middle of the eighties. The withdrawal was inhibited solely by the consequences of the January uprising of 1863/1864. Due to the decline in the population of German origin, the proportion of Polish families in Klusek increased more and more in the course of the 19th century.
For the year 1882 a population of 247 inhabitants (in 22 houses) is documented. The population continued to decline in the decades that followed. In 1921 only 190 people lived in Klusek (in 30 houses). Among them were 81 (Protestant) Germans. Until the outbreak of World War II , the number of German and Polish villagers was roughly the same. In many cases there were mixed marriages between Germans and Poles. In the course of the flight and expulsion of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe in 1945–1950 , all residents of German descent left the village. Since 2018 there has been another German living in Klusek, who is also the only EU foreigner in the entire municipality of Gostynin. The current population is estimated at around 170 people. There is a slight surplus of men in the village (51.8%). The proportion of children among young people was just under 22% in 2011, the proportion of retirees 24%.
Trivia
Roman Andrzejewski , Bishop of Leslau (Wrocławek), died on July 7, 2003 while on vacation in Klusek.
In 2008 the film was The Kalmus of Andrzej Wajda turned in part on the Białe Lake near Klusek.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Leszek Zugaj: Gmina Gostynin. Od pradziejów do współczesności . Gmina Gostynin, Gostynin 2004, p. 166 .
- ↑ David Gilly: Special map of South Prussia: with the greatest permission from the royal large topographical survey map, with the assistance of Director Langner. Card C2. Retrieved July 19, 2018 .
- ↑ Tadeusz Bystrzycki (ed.): Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z oznaczeniem terytorjalnie in the właściwych władz i urzędów oraz urządzeń including the republic and place names of the Polish communikacyjnych communication institutions, including the corresponding state bodies of the Polish and local authorities . Przemyśl / Warszawa 1933, p. 713 ( poznan.pl ).
- ↑ Publication Office Berlin-Dahlem: Directory of the localities with a German population on the territory of the Polish state . Berlin 1939 ( gda.pl ).
- ↑ Barbara Konarska-Pabiniak: gostynin county . Mazowieckie Centrum Kultury i Sztuki, Warszawa 2003, p. 30 .
- ^ Leszek Zugaj: Gmina Gostynin - Od pradziejów do współczesności. Retrieved July 18, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Kościół i klasztor podominikański. Retrieved January 4, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ Upstream Vistula. In: The ev.-luth. Gostynin municipality. Retrieved January 4, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ Karl von Wulffen: The great war in individual representations. Using official sources. The Battle of Lodz . Oldenburg i. Size 1918, p. 24-25 .
- ^ The autumn campaign of 1914. 2. The conclusion of the operations in the west and east . In: World War I 1914-1918. Military Operations at Lane . tape 6 . Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1929, p. 77 .
- ↑ Stowarzyszenie Aktywnych Kobiet Kluska (Society of Active Women Kluseks), entry in the register of associations. May 30, 2018, accessed January 4, 2020 .
- ↑ Filip Sulimierski: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 1 . Warsaw 1880, p. 199 .
- ↑ Wieś Klusek. In: Polska w liczbach. Retrieved January 4, 2020 (Polish).
- ^ CIS: Ludność - Struktura według ekonomicznych grup wieku. Stan w dniu 31.03.2011 r. Retrieved January 4, 2020 (Polish).