Newell Sill Jenkins

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Newell Sill Jenkins

Newell Sill Jenkins (born December 29, 1840 in Falmouth , Massachusetts , † September 25, 1919 in Le Havre , France) was an American dentist who practiced most of his life in Dresden . Richard Wagner's friend developed the porcelain enamel named after him and thereby decisively improved the composition of the porcelain mass for porcelain inlays , tooth crowns and bridges . He is therefore considered to be the founder of aesthetic dentistry.

Life

Jenkins comes from a shipowner's family . His parents were Charles and Phoebe Jenkins, née Bishop. Immediately after completing his studies at the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery at the University of Maryland , in 1863 he took over a dental practice from a certain Lincoln in Bangor (Maine) . Newell Sill married Clara Upton in 1865 and had three children with her. He corresponded with the dentist Frank P. Abbott , who also came from the USA and practiced in Berlin and was one of the most renowned dentists in Europe. Abbott encouraged him to emigrate to Germany. Shortly after the end of the American Civil War , he emigrated with his family to Dresden on November 20, 1866, where he practiced for 43 years from 1866 to 1909. He was appointed Royal Saxon Privy Councilor by the Saxon King Albert and was also awarded the Albrecht Order ( Knight's Cross, 1st class). Since 1893 Jenkins was the owner of the Villa Thorwald at Schillerstraße 12 in the Dresden district of Loschwitz . For years he practiced one month a year in Vienna and one in Warsaw. In 1907 he moved to Paris, where he continued his research and enjoyed great recognition. Along with Thomas W. Evans and Levi Spear Burridge , he was one of the most popular American dentists in Europe in the 19th century. He was twice elected President of the American Dental Club of Paris . He has received numerous awards from Germany, England, France, the USA, Norway, Holland and Spain. He returned to the United States in 1916 during the First World War . After the end of the war he boarded a sailing ship in New York on September 18, 1919 to spend the winter months in southern France. However, this was not granted to him. He died of a heart attack on arrival at the port of Le Havre on September 25, 1919 . Jenkins was transferred to the United States, where he was buried in Bangor. His wife Clara died on February 15, 1932 in Dresden. In honor of Jenkins, the Connecticut State Dental Association awarded the Newell Sill Jenkins Medal to Honored Dentists from 1922 to 1938 . The first award went to Alfred Civilion Fones .

Friendship with Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner with Cosima Wagner, 1872
Letter from Richard Wagner to NS Jenkins, page 1
Letter from Richard Wagner to NS Jenkins, pages 2 and 3

His circle of patients included not only members of European royal houses, but also celebrities such as Richard Wagner , with whom Jenkins became friends. In 1877 he came to Bayreuth for the first time at Cosima Wagner's request and asked for no fee for his dental treatment. On January 24, 1879, they disputed about German politics, “the negroes” and the German emigrants in the USA, before Jenkins carried out a “major operation” on Wagner the next day.

After Wagner experienced a financial disaster of his ring performance at the first festival in 1876 in the Bayreuth Festival Hall , he planned to emigrate to the USA. Wagner discussed his plans to emigrate with Jenkins and, in a three-page letter, also formulated the conditions that were to secure his existence across the ocean and bring the Americans to Parsifal . The subject was dealt with in detail in the exhibition Dem Meister ins Maul , which ran from March 19 to August 14, 2016 in the Richard Wagner sites in Graupa . The exhibition was created in collaboration with the Dental History Museum in Zschadraß and the Louis Spohr Museum in Kassel .

Wagner's letter to Jenkins

“ Dear, dear sir and friend!

It seems to me that I will soon run out of patience with regard to my hopes for Germany and its future, and that I will then regret not having given the seeds of my artistic ideas to a more fertile and hopeful soil long ago. I do not think it is impossible that I will decide to immigrate to America forever with all my family and my last work. Since I am no longer young, I would need a very important accommodation from across the ocean for this.

An association would have to be formed there, which provided me with a fortune of one million dollars for my settlement and as a one-off payment for all my efforts, half of which went to my establishment in a climatically advantageous state of the Union, the other half as capital .Assets in a state bank would be investable at 5 percent. America would have bought me from Europe for all time. The Association would also have to raise the fund for the annual festival, with which I would gradually bring all my works to an exemplary performance: These would begin with the first performance of my latest work 'Parsifal', which had never before been performed anywhere else Performance would be passed. All future achievements on my part, whether as a director of performances or as a creative artist, would, on the basis of the property given to me, belong to the American nation forever and free of charge.

I now remembered that on your last visit you offered me with a friendly zeal that you would do my business if I wanted to go on a so-called art trip to America. May you now find it understandable that I now fall for you, and not anyone else, to convey my far more radical thoughts to you. A mere art trip to earn so and so much money by giving concerts and then return to Germany would never be my business. Only complete relocation would make sense to me. Will you kindly take a little talk with you about this, and if you - think good, let me know of your opinion!

With the greatest friendship

your

Sincerely yours

Richard Wagner

February 8, 1880 Naples - Villa Angri Posilipo "

Wagner's letter to Jenkins shows his special trust in his dentist, also in private matters. Thanks to Jenkin's persuasion and further warnings from other American friends, Wagner did not implement his plans to emigrate to America, ultimately citing his advanced age and the consideration for his children and their homeland as reasons. In addition, Wagner met with little interest from the American impresarios in supporting his immigration. Parsifal was then premiered at the second Bayreuth Festival on July 26, 1882 in Bayreuth and not in the USA. In his reminiscences, Jenkins writes: “... and I rejoiced that end was attained without a cloud resting upon our friendship” (I was delighted that the [Wagner's departure from emigration] was achieved without a cloudy cloud overhead to leave our friendship.)

Richard Wagner presented Jenkins with a copy of the Ring of the Nibelung with a personal dedication:

"I'm not saying anything about the ravages of time,

The time of the tooth is approaching

If then Mr. Jenkins is not far,

Despite the time with your tooth. "

plant

Despite his great services to dentistry, Jenkins was ignored for a long time by dental historians , although during his creative time he had published 32 scientific articles to improve the aesthetic dental care with porcelain fillings and had some of his findings patented.

Introduction of the rubber dam in Germany

Mark Twain

He was first recognized when he introduced the rubber dam developed by the New York dentist Sanford Christie Barnum in 1864 two years later in Germany, a rubber elastic that isolates the tooth to be treated from the oral cavity, especially from liquids and saliva. Originally it was used to keep the work area dry, as there were no dental suction systems at that time .

Development of porcelain bodies

Jenkins developed the low-melting porcelain enamel named after him and thereby decisively improved the composition of the porcelain mass for porcelain inlays , tooth crowns and bridges and the associated processing technology. The proximity to the Saxon Porcelain Manufactory in Dresden was helpful to him . This also included the development of steel drills that were coated with diamond dust in order to be able to create a smooth cavity . The porcelain inlays opened up the possibility of producing tooth-colored anterior fillings for the first time and thus ushered in the era of aesthetic dentistry, after gold fillings had been made in the anterior region to date. For the production and distribution of the "Jenkins Porcelain Enamel" he founded the manufactory Klewe & Co . His personal friend Samuel Langhorne Clemens, who became known as an American writer under his pseudonym Mark Twain , offered him to buy the manufacturing and distribution rights for the American market.

Development of the Kolynos toothpaste

Advertising poster for Kolynos toothpaste from the 1940s

Together with Willoughby D. Miller , who in 1890 set up the pioneering theory that is still valid today, according to which bacteria in the oral flora break down carbohydrates into acids, which in turn decalcify the tooth enamel , whereupon bacteria can penetrate the tooth and destroy the dentin in the form of caries , Jenkins developed a toothpaste called Kolynos , which was the first to contain disinfectants . The name comes from the Greek Kolyo Nosos ( κωλύω νόσος , "disease prevention"). Numerous attempts to have the toothpaste manufactured by pharmacists in Europe have proven to be uneconomical. After his return to the USA he experimented with Harry Ward Foote (1875-1942), chemistry professor at the Sheffield Chemical Laboratory at Yale University . After 17 years of development work by Kolynos and clinical studies, Jenkins retired and transferred the production and distribution to his son Leonard A. Jenkins, who launched the first toothpaste tubes on April 13, 1908. Within a few years the company expanded into North America, Latin America, Europe and the Far East. A branch was established in London in 1909. In 1937 Kolynos was produced in 22 countries and sold in 88 countries.

To this day, Kolynos is widespread especially in South America and Hungary. Colgate-Palmolive acquired the product from American Home Products in 1995 for $ 1 billion, and other cosmetic products are also sold under the brand name .

Fonts

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Dr. Newell Sill Jenkins , Revue d'histoire de l'art dentaire. (English). S. 20. Accessed March 31, 2016.
  2. ↑ Newell Sill Jenkins , Ancestry. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  3. ↑ Dr. Newell Sill Jenkins , Revue d'histoire de l'art dentaire. (English). P. 25. Accessed March 31, 2016.
  4. ^ Distinguished Graduates , 1954 Yearbook, University of Maryland, Baltimore Dental School. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  5. ^ Jacob Sharp: A History of the Connecticut State Dental Association: 1864-1956 . The Association, 1956.
  6. ^ Cosima Wagner: The diaries , September 21 and 22, 1877.
  7. ↑ Cosima Wagner: The Diaries , January 24-26, 1879.
  8. ^ Cosima Wagner: The diaries , February 1, 1880.
  9. ^ Cosima Wagner: The diaries , February 9, 1880.
  10. ↑ Looking into the mouth of the master ( memento of the original from April 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Richard Wagner sites, Graupa. Retrieved April 26, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wagnerstaetten.de
  11. ^ Richard Wagner and his dentist , zm , March 30, 2016. Accessed March 31, 2016.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Schug: Richard Wagner and his dentists . Manuscript at: Academy for Dental Training Karlsruhe, September 26, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2016.
  13. ↑ His good friend, Richard Wagner and dentist Jenkins , zm, issue 10/2013. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  14. ↑ N. Sill Jenkins: Reminiscences of Newell Sill Jenkins . Рипол Классик, 1924, ISBN 978-5-87312-265-3 , p. 202.
  15. ↑ Cosima Wagner, Diaries Volume 2, p. 297, ISBN 3-492-02199-9 .
  16. ^ Curt von Westernhagen: Richard Wagner , Schott Music (1996), p. 520, ISBN 3-254-00074-9 .
  17. ^ Thomas S. Gray: Richard Wagner and His World . Princeton University Press, July 27, 2009, ISBN 1-4008-3178-4 , p. 243.
  18. ↑ JM Hyson, SD Swank: Dr. Newell Sill Jenkins: progenitor of cosmetic dentistry. In: Journal of the California Dental Association. Volume 31, Number 8, August 2003, pp. 626-629, PMID 13677405 .
  19. ↑ Patent No. 585,442 . Newell Sill Jenkins, Portable Melting Apparatus, patented June 29, 1897. Google Patents. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  20. ↑ Reinhardt Winkler: Sanford Christie Barnum - The inventor of the rubber dam . In: Die Quintessenz , Volume 42, 1991, pp. 483-486.
  21. ↑ The filling of teeth with porcelain (Jenkins's system) a text book for dentists and students , Internet Archive (English) or as an eBook in Forgotten Books . Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  22. ↑ JF Jenkins: Our Jenkins Heritage , self-published, Greenfield, NH, 1980, p. 53, quoted in: John M. Hyson, Scott D. Swank: Dr. Newell Sill Jenkins: Progenitor of Cosmetic Dentistry . In: Journal of the California Dental Association. Volume 31, Number 8, August 2003, p. 628
  23. ↑ Kerry Segrave: America Brushes Up: The Use and Marketing of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes in the Twentieth Century . McFarland, January 27, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7864-5684-0 , p. 35.
  24. ^ Obituary to Harry Ward Foote , Science, March 6, 1942, pp. 241–242 (English). Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  25. ↑ Kolynos Toothpaste and Nalgiri Cosmetics - A curious blend of Greek and Hindu . Retrieved March 31, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Jenkins, Newell Sill
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American dentist and researcher
DATE OF BIRTH December 29, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Falmouth , Massachusetts
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1919
Place of death Le Havre , France